This study utilizes a visualization nozzle and spray experimental platform to experimentally investigate the flow focusing/blurring nozzle.It is found that the working mode of the nozzle transitions from flow focusing...This study utilizes a visualization nozzle and spray experimental platform to experimentally investigate the flow focusing/blurring nozzle.It is found that the working mode of the nozzle transitions from flow focusing to flow transition and eventually to flow blurring as the gas flow rate increases or the tube hole distance decreases.Conversely,an increase in liquid flow rate only facilitates the transition from flow focusing to flow transition.Changes in the gas/liquid flow rate or tube hole distance influence the gas shear effect and the gas inertial impact effect inside the nozzle,which in turn alters the working mode.An increase in gas flow rate results in a shift of the droplet size distribution towards smaller particle sizes in the flow blurring mode,whereas an increase in liquid flow rate produces the opposite effect.Notably,the impact of the gas flow rate on these changes is more pronounced than that of the liquid flow rate.展开更多
Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) is mostly used for position verification during the treatment process. However,severe image artifacts in CBCT hinder its direct use in dose calculation and adaptive radiation therap...Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) is mostly used for position verification during the treatment process. However,severe image artifacts in CBCT hinder its direct use in dose calculation and adaptive radiation therapy re-planning for proton therapy. In this study, an improved U-Net neural network named CBAM-U-Net was proposed for CBCT noise reduction in proton therapy, which is a CBCT denoised U-Net network with convolutional block attention modules. The datasets contained 20 groups of head and neck images. The CT images were registered to CBCT images as ground truth. The original CBCT denoised U-Net network, sCTU-Net, was trained for model performance comparison. The synthetic CT(SCT) images generated by CBAM-U-Net and the original sCTU-Net are called CBAM-SCT and U-Net-SCT images, respectively. The HU accuracies of the CT, CBCT, and SCT images were compared using four metrics: mean absolute error(MAE), root mean square error(RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR), and structure similarity index measure(SSIM). The mean values of the MAE, RMSE, PSNR, and SSIM of CBAM-SCT images were 23.80 HU, 64.63 HU, 52.27 dB, and 0.9919, respectively,which were superior to those of the U-Net-SCT images. To evaluate dosimetric accuracy, the range accuracy was compared for a single-energy proton beam. The γ-index pass rates of a 4 cm × 4 cm scanned field and simple plan were calculated to compare the effects of the noise reduction capabilities of the original U-Net and CBAM-U-Net on the dose calculation results. CBAM-U-Net reduced noise more effectively than sCTU-Net, particularly in high-density tissues. We proposed a CBAM-U-Net model for CBCT noise reduction in proton therapy. Owing to the excellent noise reduction capabilities of CBAM-U-Net, the proposed model provided relatively explicit information regarding patient tissues. Moreover, it maybe be used in dose calculation and adaptive treatment planning in the future.展开更多
The bottom blowing element is the key equipment to ensure the bottom blowing effect of the converter.Three types of bottom blowing elements,dispersive type(D1),double circular seam(D2)and straight cylinder type(D3),we...The bottom blowing element is the key equipment to ensure the bottom blowing effect of the converter.Three types of bottom blowing elements,dispersive type(D1),double circular seam(D2)and straight cylinder type(D3),were built,and the effects of bottom blowing element type on molten bath flow,wall erosion and furnace bottom erosion were simulated.It was found that when the bottom blowing elements of dispersive type(D1)and double circular seam(D2)were used,the dead zone area in the lower part of the molten bath was smaller,and the high-speed zone area was larger;therefore,the stirring effect on the bottom melt was better.When the straight cylinder type(D3)bottom blowing element was used,the gas penetrated the molten bath at a faster rate to reach the surface of molten bath and failed to disperse in the bottom molten bath,and the wall shear stress near the nozzle outlet was larger.When argon was blown by three different bottom blowing elements,the area of the wall shear stress greater than 3 Pa was 4.8,5.6 and 8.7 cm2,respectively,within 0.2 m of the bottom blowing nozzle outlet.展开更多
Because of its excellent dose distribution,proton therapy is becoming increasingly popular in the medical application of cancer treatment.A synchrotron-based proton therapy facility was designed and constructed in Sha...Because of its excellent dose distribution,proton therapy is becoming increasingly popular in the medical application of cancer treatment.A synchrotron-based proton therapy facility was designed and constructed in Shanghai.The synchrotron,beam delivery system,and other technical systems were commissioned and reached their expected performances.After a clinical trial of 47 patients was finished,the proton therapy facility obtained a registration certificate from the National Medical Products Administration.The characteristics of the accelerator and treatment systems are described in this article.展开更多
A technical idea of returning stainless steel pickling sludge to smelting process so as to recycle valuable metals of Fe, Cr, and Ni was proposed, expecting to realize sludge detoxification and resource utilization. T...A technical idea of returning stainless steel pickling sludge to smelting process so as to recycle valuable metals of Fe, Cr, and Ni was proposed, expecting to realize sludge detoxification and resource utilization. Thermodynamics calculation showed that not only most valuable elements including Fe, Cr and Ni, but also the harmful element of sulfur in pickling sludge can be enriched into molten metal. As a result, a theoretical study on desulfurization thermodynamics of sludge pretreatment was conducted, and results indicated that complete desulfurization temperature of pure pickling sludge was above 1400℃. When 0.5-0.8% carbon was added as reducing agent, the complete desulfurization temperature was reduced to 1000℃ or below. Desulfurization roasting experiment indicated that desulfurization rate at 1400℃ under inert environment was 78.74% and maximum desulfurization rate at 1000℃ under reducing environment was 91.62%.展开更多
The internal quality inspection of the continuous casting billets is very important,and mis-inspection will seriously affect the subsequent production process.The UNet-VGG16 transfer learning model was used for semant...The internal quality inspection of the continuous casting billets is very important,and mis-inspection will seriously affect the subsequent production process.The UNet-VGG16 transfer learning model was used for semantic segmentation of the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets.The automatic recognition accuracy of the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets reaches more than 0.9.We use the minimum circumscribed rectangle to quantify the geometric dimensions such as length,width and area of the central shrinkage defects and use the threshold method to rate the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets.The results show that all the testing images are rated correctly,and this method achieves the automatic recognition and intelligent analysis of the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requireme...Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requirements of high service temperature,high conductivity and high resolution remains a challenge.In this paper,a hybrid AM method combining the fused deposition modeling(FDM)and hydrophobic treatment assisted laser activation metallization(LAM)was proposed for manufacturing the polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics,by which the conformal copper patterns were deposited on the 3D-printed PEEK parts,and the adhesion between them reached the 5B high level.Moreover,the 3D components could support the thermal cycling test from-55℃ to 125℃ for more than 100 cycles.Particularly,the application of a hydrophobic coating on the FDM-printed PEEK before LAM can promote an ideal catalytic selectivity on its surface,not affected by the inevitable printing borders and pores in the FDM-printed parts,then making the resolution of the electroless plated copper lines improved significantly.In consequence,Cu lines with width and spacing of only60μm and 100μm were obtained on both as-printed and after-polished PEEK substrates.Finally,the potential of this technique to fabricate 3D conformal electronics was demonstrated.展开更多
t The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting potassium sorbate(PS)and sorbic acid(SA)in agricultural products using THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).The absorption spectra of PS and SA ...t The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting potassium sorbate(PS)and sorbic acid(SA)in agricultural products using THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).The absorption spectra of PS and SA were measured from 0.2 to 1.6 THz at room temperature.The main characteristic absorption peaks of PS and SA in polyethylene and powdered agricultural products with different weight ratios were detected and analyzed.Interval partial least squares(iPLS)combined with a particle swarm optimization and support vector classification(PSO-SVC)algorithm was proposed in this paper.iPLS was used for frequency optimization,and the PSO-SVC algorithm was used for spectrum analysis of the preservative content based on the optimal spectrum ranges.Optimized PSO-SVC models were obtained when the THz spectrum from the PS/SA mixture was divided into 11 or 12 subintervals.The optimal penalty parameter c and kernel parameter g were found to be 1.284 and 0.863 for PS(0.551-1.487 THz),1.374 and 0.906 for SA(0.454-1.216 THz),respectively.The preliminary results indicate that THz-TDS can be an effective nondestructive analytical tool used for the quantitative detection of additives in agricultural products.展开更多
AIM: To study the effect of 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxy- genase-2 (5-LOX/COX-2) dual inhibitor 7-tert-butyl-2, 3-dihydro-3, 3-dimethyl substituted dihydrofuran 30 (DHDMBF30) on proliferation and apoptosis of the pancreati...AIM: To study the effect of 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxy- genase-2 (5-LOX/COX-2) dual inhibitor 7-tert-butyl-2, 3-dihydro-3, 3-dimethyl substituted dihydrofuran 30 (DHDMBF30) on proliferation and apoptosis of the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 and the effect of DHDMBF30 on human pancreatic cancer in a nude mouse model. METHODS: Investigate the effect of 5-LOX/COX-2 dual inhibitor DHDMBF30 on proliferation and apoptosis of the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 by RT-PCR, MTT assay, FCM and electron microscope. Cell line Capan-2 was inoculated percutaneously on the outer thigh of 12 nude mice. The VEGF mRNA of transplantation tumor was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: DHDMBF30 inhibits the proliferation of cell line Capan2, reduces the expression of 5-LOX, COX-2 and VEGF. After Capan2 was treated with DHDMBF30, we found that the apoptosis peak of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the contrast group (3.08 ± 1.89 vs 27.67 ± 0.52, P < 0.001). The tumor weight of the DHDMBF30 group was significantly lower than PBS control groups (1.35 ± 0.47 vs 2.92 ± 0.73, P < 0.01). Expression of VEGF in the DHDMBF30 group was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: DHDMBF30 inhibits the proliferation ofthe pancreatic cell line Capan2, and induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer in nude mice.展开更多
Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage dis...Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traumatic hip dislocation usually occurs following high-velocity trauma.It is imperative that the dislocation be reduced in a timely manner,especially in a closed manner,as an orthopedic emergency.However,c...BACKGROUND Traumatic hip dislocation usually occurs following high-velocity trauma.It is imperative that the dislocation be reduced in a timely manner,especially in a closed manner,as an orthopedic emergency.However,closed reduction can hardly be achieved in patients who also have ipsilateral lower extremity fractures.Herein,we focus on hip dislocation associated with ipsilateral lower extremity fractures,excluding intracapsular fractures(femoral head and neck fractures),present an early closed hip joint reduction method for this injury pattern,and review the literature to discuss the appropriate closed reduction technique for this rare injury pattern.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 37-year-old male who sustained a left acetabular posterior wall fracture,an ipsilateral comminuted subtrochanteric fracture and dislocation of the hip.The hip dislocation was reduced urgently in a closed manner using the joy-stick technique with a T-shaped Schanz screw.The fractures were reduced and fixed as a 2nd-stage surgery procedure.At the 17-month postoperative follow-up,the patient had full range of motion of the affected hip.CONCLUSION Closed reduction of a hip dislocation associated with ipsilateral lower extremity fractures is rarely achieved by regular maneuvers.Attempts at closed reduction,by means of indirectly controlling the proximal fracture fragment or reconstructing the femoral leverage rapidly with the aid of various external reduction apparatuses,were shown to be effective in some scenarios.Mandatory open reduction is indicated in cases of failed closed reduction,particularly in irreducible dislocations.展开更多
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a TNF family member capable of inducing apoptosis. Death receptor 5 （DR 5） is a key receptor of TRAIL and plays an important role in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To pre...TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a TNF family member capable of inducing apoptosis. Death receptor 5 （DR 5） is a key receptor of TRAIL and plays an important role in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To prepare monoclonal antibodies （mAbs） against DR5, cDNA encoding soluble DR5 （sDR5） was firstly amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） with specific primers, and then inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a. The recombinant plasmid was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 （DE3）, and sDR5 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. As an antigen, sDR5 was used to immunize mice. Hybridomas secreting antibodies against sDR5 were identified. One positive done was selected to produce antibody, WD1. ELISA and immunofluorescence demonstrated that WD1 could bind recombinant sDR5 and membranebound DR5 （mDR5） on Jurkat and Molt-4 cells. ATPLite assays showed that Jurkat and Molt-4 cells were sensitive to the antibody in a dose dependent manner. The Annexin V/PI assays and Giemsa＇s staining both showed that WD1 could induce Jurkat cell apoptosis efficiently. Transient transfection of 293T cells and indirect immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that mAb （WD1） couldn＇t cross-react with DR4. Our findings indicated that the novel antibody, WD1 could act as a direct agonist, bind DR5 characteristically, and initiate efficient apoptotic signaling and tumor regression. Thus, WD1 would be a leading candidate for potential cancer therapeutics. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.展开更多
Currently,display-based methods are well established and widely used in antibody engineering for affinity maturation and structural stability improvement.We obtained a novel anti-human programmed death 1(PD-1)antibody...Currently,display-based methods are well established and widely used in antibody engineering for affinity maturation and structural stability improvement.We obtained a novel anti-human programmed death 1(PD-1)antibody using computer-aided design and a mammalian cell display technology platform.We used computer-aided modeling and distance geometry methods to predict and assign the key residues that contributed to the binding of human PD-L1 to PD-1.Then,we analyzed the sequence of nivolumab(an anti-human PD-1 antibody,referred to as MIL75 in the article)to determine the template for antibody design and library construction.We identified a series of potential substitutions on the obtained template and constructed a virtual epitope-targeted antibody library based on the physicochemical properties and each possible location of the assigned key residues.The virtual antibody libraries were displayed on the surface of mammalian cells as the antigen-binding fragments of full-length immunoglobulin G.Then,we used flow cytometry and sequencing approaches to sort and screen the candidates.Finally,we obtained a novel anti-human PD-1 antibody named FV78.FV78 competitively recognized the PD-1 epitopes that interacted with MIL75 and possessed an affinity comparable to MIL75.Our results implied that FV78 possessed equivalent bioactivity in vitro and in vivo compared with MIL75,which highlighted the probability and prospect of FV78 becoming a new potential antibody therapy.展开更多
Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） has been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor-associated ang...Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） has been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor-associated angiogenesis, and blocking the activity of VEGF can starve tumors. Avastin, which is a humanized anti-VEGF antibody, has been successfully applied in clinics since 2004. However, the price of Avastin is extremely high for Chinese people. Here, we report a novel human anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody, MIL60, which shows an affinity comparable to that of Avastin （the KD value of MIL60 was 44.5 pM, while that of Avastin was 42.7 pM）. MIL60 displays favorable actions in inhibiting VEGF-triggered endothelial cell proliferation （the IC5o value of M IL60 was 31-6.4 ng/ml and that of Avastin was 47--.8.1 ng/ml）, migration （8 pg/ml or 0.8 pg/ml MIL60 versusthe control： P〈O.05） and tube formation （2 I^g/ml or 0.2 lzg/ml MIL60 versusthe control： P〈O.05） viathe VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Moreover, MIL60 was shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo in xenograft models of human colon carcinoma and ovarian cancer using immunotherapy and immunohistochemistry analysis （MIL60 versus N.S.： P=0.0007; Avastin versus N.S.： P=0.00046）. These data suggest that MIL60 is a potential therapeutic, anti-angiogenic agent. Our work provides a novel anti-VEGF antibody, which can be considered an anti-tumor antibody candidate and a new option for patients with various cancers.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276026).
文摘This study utilizes a visualization nozzle and spray experimental platform to experimentally investigate the flow focusing/blurring nozzle.It is found that the working mode of the nozzle transitions from flow focusing to flow transition and eventually to flow blurring as the gas flow rate increases or the tube hole distance decreases.Conversely,an increase in liquid flow rate only facilitates the transition from flow focusing to flow transition.Changes in the gas/liquid flow rate or tube hole distance influence the gas shear effect and the gas inertial impact effect inside the nozzle,which in turn alters the working mode.An increase in gas flow rate results in a shift of the droplet size distribution towards smaller particle sizes in the flow blurring mode,whereas an increase in liquid flow rate produces the opposite effect.Notably,the impact of the gas flow rate on these changes is more pronounced than that of the liquid flow rate.
基金Digital Medical Equipment Research and Development Project,Ministry of Science and Technology,China:The development of Synchrotron-based proton therapy system(2016YFC0105400).
文摘Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) is mostly used for position verification during the treatment process. However,severe image artifacts in CBCT hinder its direct use in dose calculation and adaptive radiation therapy re-planning for proton therapy. In this study, an improved U-Net neural network named CBAM-U-Net was proposed for CBCT noise reduction in proton therapy, which is a CBCT denoised U-Net network with convolutional block attention modules. The datasets contained 20 groups of head and neck images. The CT images were registered to CBCT images as ground truth. The original CBCT denoised U-Net network, sCTU-Net, was trained for model performance comparison. The synthetic CT(SCT) images generated by CBAM-U-Net and the original sCTU-Net are called CBAM-SCT and U-Net-SCT images, respectively. The HU accuracies of the CT, CBCT, and SCT images were compared using four metrics: mean absolute error(MAE), root mean square error(RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR), and structure similarity index measure(SSIM). The mean values of the MAE, RMSE, PSNR, and SSIM of CBAM-SCT images were 23.80 HU, 64.63 HU, 52.27 dB, and 0.9919, respectively,which were superior to those of the U-Net-SCT images. To evaluate dosimetric accuracy, the range accuracy was compared for a single-energy proton beam. The γ-index pass rates of a 4 cm × 4 cm scanned field and simple plan were calculated to compare the effects of the noise reduction capabilities of the original U-Net and CBAM-U-Net on the dose calculation results. CBAM-U-Net reduced noise more effectively than sCTU-Net, particularly in high-density tissues. We proposed a CBAM-U-Net model for CBCT noise reduction in proton therapy. Owing to the excellent noise reduction capabilities of CBAM-U-Net, the proposed model provided relatively explicit information regarding patient tissues. Moreover, it maybe be used in dose calculation and adaptive treatment planning in the future.
基金funded by the Joint Fund Project of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021JLM-32)the General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374346).
文摘The bottom blowing element is the key equipment to ensure the bottom blowing effect of the converter.Three types of bottom blowing elements,dispersive type(D1),double circular seam(D2)and straight cylinder type(D3),were built,and the effects of bottom blowing element type on molten bath flow,wall erosion and furnace bottom erosion were simulated.It was found that when the bottom blowing elements of dispersive type(D1)and double circular seam(D2)were used,the dead zone area in the lower part of the molten bath was smaller,and the high-speed zone area was larger;therefore,the stirring effect on the bottom melt was better.When the straight cylinder type(D3)bottom blowing element was used,the gas penetrated the molten bath at a faster rate to reach the surface of molten bath and failed to disperse in the bottom molten bath,and the wall shear stress near the nozzle outlet was larger.When argon was blown by three different bottom blowing elements,the area of the wall shear stress greater than 3 Pa was 4.8,5.6 and 8.7 cm2,respectively,within 0.2 m of the bottom blowing nozzle outlet.
文摘Because of its excellent dose distribution,proton therapy is becoming increasingly popular in the medical application of cancer treatment.A synchrotron-based proton therapy facility was designed and constructed in Shanghai.The synchrotron,beam delivery system,and other technical systems were commissioned and reached their expected performances.After a clinical trial of 47 patients was finished,the proton therapy facility obtained a registration certificate from the National Medical Products Administration.The characteristics of the accelerator and treatment systems are described in this article.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51574189, 51774224, 51604210)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2016JQ5042).
文摘A technical idea of returning stainless steel pickling sludge to smelting process so as to recycle valuable metals of Fe, Cr, and Ni was proposed, expecting to realize sludge detoxification and resource utilization. Thermodynamics calculation showed that not only most valuable elements including Fe, Cr and Ni, but also the harmful element of sulfur in pickling sludge can be enriched into molten metal. As a result, a theoretical study on desulfurization thermodynamics of sludge pretreatment was conducted, and results indicated that complete desulfurization temperature of pure pickling sludge was above 1400℃. When 0.5-0.8% carbon was added as reducing agent, the complete desulfurization temperature was reduced to 1000℃ or below. Desulfurization roasting experiment indicated that desulfurization rate at 1400℃ under inert environment was 78.74% and maximum desulfurization rate at 1000℃ under reducing environment was 91.62%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20117,U1560207 and 52003039)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB0304402)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N2125018 and N2109001)the Liaoning Natural Science Foundation(No.2022-MS-365)the Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University(No.LT2017011).
文摘The internal quality inspection of the continuous casting billets is very important,and mis-inspection will seriously affect the subsequent production process.The UNet-VGG16 transfer learning model was used for semantic segmentation of the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets.The automatic recognition accuracy of the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets reaches more than 0.9.We use the minimum circumscribed rectangle to quantify the geometric dimensions such as length,width and area of the central shrinkage defects and use the threshold method to rate the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets.The results show that all the testing images are rated correctly,and this method achieves the automatic recognition and intelligent analysis of the central shrinkage defects of the continuous casting billets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51901082)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200137)the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(JCKY2018110C060)。
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requirements of high service temperature,high conductivity and high resolution remains a challenge.In this paper,a hybrid AM method combining the fused deposition modeling(FDM)and hydrophobic treatment assisted laser activation metallization(LAM)was proposed for manufacturing the polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics,by which the conformal copper patterns were deposited on the 3D-printed PEEK parts,and the adhesion between them reached the 5B high level.Moreover,the 3D components could support the thermal cycling test from-55℃ to 125℃ for more than 100 cycles.Particularly,the application of a hydrophobic coating on the FDM-printed PEEK before LAM can promote an ideal catalytic selectivity on its surface,not affected by the inevitable printing borders and pores in the FDM-printed parts,then making the resolution of the electroless plated copper lines improved significantly.In consequence,Cu lines with width and spacing of only60μm and 100μm were obtained on both as-printed and after-polished PEEK substrates.Finally,the potential of this technique to fabricate 3D conformal electronics was demonstrated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61705061 and 61975053)Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province of China(Grant Nos.182102110204 and 192102110047)+1 种基金Key Scientific and Research Project of Educational Committee of Henan Province of China(Grant No.19B510001)Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing&Control,Ministry of Education,Henan University of Technology(Grant Nos.KFJJ2016108 and KFJJ2017107).
文摘t The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting potassium sorbate(PS)and sorbic acid(SA)in agricultural products using THz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS).The absorption spectra of PS and SA were measured from 0.2 to 1.6 THz at room temperature.The main characteristic absorption peaks of PS and SA in polyethylene and powdered agricultural products with different weight ratios were detected and analyzed.Interval partial least squares(iPLS)combined with a particle swarm optimization and support vector classification(PSO-SVC)algorithm was proposed in this paper.iPLS was used for frequency optimization,and the PSO-SVC algorithm was used for spectrum analysis of the preservative content based on the optimal spectrum ranges.Optimized PSO-SVC models were obtained when the THz spectrum from the PS/SA mixture was divided into 11 or 12 subintervals.The optimal penalty parameter c and kernel parameter g were found to be 1.284 and 0.863 for PS(0.551-1.487 THz),1.374 and 0.906 for SA(0.454-1.216 THz),respectively.The preliminary results indicate that THz-TDS can be an effective nondestructive analytical tool used for the quantitative detection of additives in agricultural products.
基金Supported by Grant No. 30600603 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Grant No. 2005BS03003 from the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province of China
文摘AIM: To study the effect of 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxy- genase-2 (5-LOX/COX-2) dual inhibitor 7-tert-butyl-2, 3-dihydro-3, 3-dimethyl substituted dihydrofuran 30 (DHDMBF30) on proliferation and apoptosis of the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 and the effect of DHDMBF30 on human pancreatic cancer in a nude mouse model. METHODS: Investigate the effect of 5-LOX/COX-2 dual inhibitor DHDMBF30 on proliferation and apoptosis of the pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 by RT-PCR, MTT assay, FCM and electron microscope. Cell line Capan-2 was inoculated percutaneously on the outer thigh of 12 nude mice. The VEGF mRNA of transplantation tumor was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: DHDMBF30 inhibits the proliferation of cell line Capan2, reduces the expression of 5-LOX, COX-2 and VEGF. After Capan2 was treated with DHDMBF30, we found that the apoptosis peak of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the contrast group (3.08 ± 1.89 vs 27.67 ± 0.52, P < 0.001). The tumor weight of the DHDMBF30 group was significantly lower than PBS control groups (1.35 ± 0.47 vs 2.92 ± 0.73, P < 0.01). Expression of VEGF in the DHDMBF30 group was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: DHDMBF30 inhibits the proliferation ofthe pancreatic cell line Capan2, and induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer in nude mice.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Sciences Fund(31370938 and 81272528)The Fund(81272528)offered experiment material and collected the data for analysisThe Fund(31370938)helped design the study and was helpful in preparing the manuscript.
文摘Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Traumatic hip dislocation usually occurs following high-velocity trauma.It is imperative that the dislocation be reduced in a timely manner,especially in a closed manner,as an orthopedic emergency.However,closed reduction can hardly be achieved in patients who also have ipsilateral lower extremity fractures.Herein,we focus on hip dislocation associated with ipsilateral lower extremity fractures,excluding intracapsular fractures(femoral head and neck fractures),present an early closed hip joint reduction method for this injury pattern,and review the literature to discuss the appropriate closed reduction technique for this rare injury pattern.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 37-year-old male who sustained a left acetabular posterior wall fracture,an ipsilateral comminuted subtrochanteric fracture and dislocation of the hip.The hip dislocation was reduced urgently in a closed manner using the joy-stick technique with a T-shaped Schanz screw.The fractures were reduced and fixed as a 2nd-stage surgery procedure.At the 17-month postoperative follow-up,the patient had full range of motion of the affected hip.CONCLUSION Closed reduction of a hip dislocation associated with ipsilateral lower extremity fractures is rarely achieved by regular maneuvers.Attempts at closed reduction,by means of indirectly controlling the proximal fracture fragment or reconstructing the femoral leverage rapidly with the aid of various external reduction apparatuses,were shown to be effective in some scenarios.Mandatory open reduction is indicated in cases of failed closed reduction,particularly in irreducible dislocations.
文摘TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL） is a TNF family member capable of inducing apoptosis. Death receptor 5 （DR 5） is a key receptor of TRAIL and plays an important role in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To prepare monoclonal antibodies （mAbs） against DR5, cDNA encoding soluble DR5 （sDR5） was firstly amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） with specific primers, and then inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a. The recombinant plasmid was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 （DE3）, and sDR5 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. As an antigen, sDR5 was used to immunize mice. Hybridomas secreting antibodies against sDR5 were identified. One positive done was selected to produce antibody, WD1. ELISA and immunofluorescence demonstrated that WD1 could bind recombinant sDR5 and membranebound DR5 （mDR5） on Jurkat and Molt-4 cells. ATPLite assays showed that Jurkat and Molt-4 cells were sensitive to the antibody in a dose dependent manner. The Annexin V/PI assays and Giemsa＇s staining both showed that WD1 could induce Jurkat cell apoptosis efficiently. Transient transfection of 293T cells and indirect immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that mAb （WD1） couldn＇t cross-react with DR4. Our findings indicated that the novel antibody, WD1 could act as a direct agonist, bind DR5 characteristically, and initiate efficient apoptotic signaling and tumor regression. Thus, WD1 would be a leading candidate for potential cancer therapeutics. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China grant(No.81272528 and No.31370938)National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program,No.2012AA02A302)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for'Major New Drugs Innovation and Development'(2014ZX09304311-001-002-004)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.5152022).
文摘Currently,display-based methods are well established and widely used in antibody engineering for affinity maturation and structural stability improvement.We obtained a novel anti-human programmed death 1(PD-1)antibody using computer-aided design and a mammalian cell display technology platform.We used computer-aided modeling and distance geometry methods to predict and assign the key residues that contributed to the binding of human PD-L1 to PD-1.Then,we analyzed the sequence of nivolumab(an anti-human PD-1 antibody,referred to as MIL75 in the article)to determine the template for antibody design and library construction.We identified a series of potential substitutions on the obtained template and constructed a virtual epitope-targeted antibody library based on the physicochemical properties and each possible location of the assigned key residues.The virtual antibody libraries were displayed on the surface of mammalian cells as the antigen-binding fragments of full-length immunoglobulin G.Then,we used flow cytometry and sequencing approaches to sort and screen the candidates.Finally,we obtained a novel anti-human PD-1 antibody named FV78.FV78 competitively recognized the PD-1 epitopes that interacted with MIL75 and possessed an affinity comparable to MIL75.Our results implied that FV78 possessed equivalent bioactivity in vitro and in vivo compared with MIL75,which highlighted the probability and prospect of FV78 becoming a new potential antibody therapy.
文摘Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor development, growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） has been implicated in promoting solid tumor growth and metastasis via stimulating tumor-associated angiogenesis, and blocking the activity of VEGF can starve tumors. Avastin, which is a humanized anti-VEGF antibody, has been successfully applied in clinics since 2004. However, the price of Avastin is extremely high for Chinese people. Here, we report a novel human anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody, MIL60, which shows an affinity comparable to that of Avastin （the KD value of MIL60 was 44.5 pM, while that of Avastin was 42.7 pM）. MIL60 displays favorable actions in inhibiting VEGF-triggered endothelial cell proliferation （the IC5o value of M IL60 was 31-6.4 ng/ml and that of Avastin was 47--.8.1 ng/ml）, migration （8 pg/ml or 0.8 pg/ml MIL60 versusthe control： P〈O.05） and tube formation （2 I^g/ml or 0.2 lzg/ml MIL60 versusthe control： P〈O.05） viathe VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Moreover, MIL60 was shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo in xenograft models of human colon carcinoma and ovarian cancer using immunotherapy and immunohistochemistry analysis （MIL60 versus N.S.： P=0.0007; Avastin versus N.S.： P=0.00046）. These data suggest that MIL60 is a potential therapeutic, anti-angiogenic agent. Our work provides a novel anti-VEGF antibody, which can be considered an anti-tumor antibody candidate and a new option for patients with various cancers.
