We theoretically explore a non-Hermitian superfluid model with complex-valued interaction, inspired by two-body loss stemming from inelastic scattering observed in ultracold atomic experiments. Utilizing both the righ...We theoretically explore a non-Hermitian superfluid model with complex-valued interaction, inspired by two-body loss stemming from inelastic scattering observed in ultracold atomic experiments. Utilizing both the right-eigenstate-based mean-field theory and its biorthogonal counterpart, we study the properties of the system. Notably, the right-eigenstate-based framework produces smooth and continuous solutions, in stark contrast to the absence of nontrivial solutions and the abrupt discontinuities observed in the biorthogonal-eigenstatebased framework under moderate dissipation. In addition, the lower condensation energy obtained in the former framework suggests its superior suitability for describing this system. Furthermore, we explore the impact of backscattering, a crucial factor in realistic systems. Our analysis reveals that, facilitated by two-body loss, even moderate backscattering destabilizes the superfluid state. Sufficiently strong backscattering completely destroys it, highlighting a key mechanism for the fragility of this non-Hermitian quantum phase.展开更多
Fluorine owing to its inherently high electronegativity exhibits charge delocalization and ion dissociation capabilities;as a result,there has been an influx of research studies focused on the utilization of fluorides...Fluorine owing to its inherently high electronegativity exhibits charge delocalization and ion dissociation capabilities;as a result,there has been an influx of research studies focused on the utilization of fluorides to optimize solid electrolyte interfaces and provide dynamic protection of electrodes to regulate the reaction and function performance of batteries.Nonetheless,the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox reaction kinetics emphasize the potential bottlenecks of lithium-sulfur batteries.Whether fluorine modulation regulate the reaction process of Li-S chemistry?Here,the TiOF/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene nanoribbons with a tailored F distribution were constructed via an NH4F fluorinated method.Relying on in situ characterizations and electrochemical analysis,the F activates the catalysis function of Ti metal atoms in the consecutive redox reaction.The positive charge of Ti metal sites is increased due to the formation of O-Ti-F bonds based on the Lewis acid-base mechanism,which contributes to the adsorption of polysulfides,provides more nucleation sites and promotes the cleavage of S-S bonds.This facilitates the deposition of Li_(2)S at lower overpotentials.Additionally,fluorine has the capacity to capture electrons originating from Li_(2)S dissolution due to charge compensation mechanisms.The fluorine modulation strategy holds the promise of guiding the construction of fluorine-based catalysts and facilitating the seamless integration of multiple consecutive heterogeneous catalytic processes.展开更多
Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genet...Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.展开更多
Half-semimetals,characterized by their spin-polarized electronic states,hold significant promise for spintronic applications but remain scarce due to stringent electronic and magnetic criteria.Through a combination of...Half-semimetals,characterized by their spin-polarized electronic states,hold significant promise for spintronic applications but remain scarce due to stringent electronic and magnetic criteria.Through a combination of transport measurements and optical spectroscopy,we investigated the intermetallic compound Mn_(4)Al_(11),which features an exceptionally low carrier concentration and undergoes a magnetic phase transition near 68 K.Transport measurements reveal anomalies that deviate from typical metallic behavior at low temperatures.Optical spectroscopy indicates a small,nearly frequency-independent optical conductivity in the far-infrared region,with spectral weight decreasing as the temperature drops from 300 K to 50 K.These behaviors suggest a temperaturedependent carrier density and significant scattering of charge carriers.Combining experimental findings with calculated electronic band structures,we propose that Mn_(4)Al_(11) is a novel half-semimetal candidate exhibiting a ferrimagnetic ground state.展开更多
Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN).Activation of the neuroinflammatory response has a pivotal role ...Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN).Activation of the neuroinflammatory response has a pivotal role in PD.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various nerve injuries,but there are limited reports on their use in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:We investigated the effects of clinical-grade hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa(hOM)-MSCs on neural functional recovery in both PD models and patients,as well as the preventive effects on mouse models of PD.To assess improvement in neuroinflammatory response and neural functional recovery induced by hOM-MSCs exposure,we employed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq),assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing(ATAC-seq)combined with full-length transcriptome isoform-sequencing(ISO-seq),and functional assay.Furthermore,we present the findings from an initial cohort of patients enrolled in a phaseⅠfirstinhuman clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSC transplantation into severe PD patients.Results:A functional assay identified that transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),secreted from hOM-MSCs,played a critical role in modulating mitochondrial function recovery in dopaminergic neurons.This effect was achieved through improving microglia immune regulation and autophagy homeostasis in the SN,which are closely associated with neuroinflammatory responses.Mechanistically,exposure to hOM-MSCs led to an improvement in neuroinflammation and neural function recovery partially mediated by TGF-β1 via activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(ALK/PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway in microglia located in the SN of PD patients.Furthermore,intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSCs improved the recovery of neurologic function and regulated the neuroinflammatory response without any adverse reactions observed in patients with PD.Conclusions:These findings provide compelling evidence for the involvement of TGF-β1 in mediating the beneficial effects of hOM-MSCs on neural functional recovery in PD.Treatment and prevention of hOM-MSCs could be a promising and effective neuroprotective strategy for PD.Additionally,TGF-β1 may be used alone or combined with hOM-MSCs therapy for treating PD.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)chemistry reaction opens a new battery era with high energy density;meanwhile,multiple electrons migration leads to the complex phase transition of sulfur species.To manipulate the binding strength...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)chemistry reaction opens a new battery era with high energy density;meanwhile,multiple electrons migration leads to the complex phase transition of sulfur species.To manipulate the binding strength of multiple key intermediates more efficiently,the bimetallic TiVC MXene is utilized to realize multi-dimensional catalysis.Based on the macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)structure using two-dimensional(2D)MXene architecture,electron conductivity and sulfur utilization are improved.Microscopically,Ti-V catalytic systems regulate multiple reaction intermediates through intermetallic synergies customized surface properties and atomic scale coordination,thereby improving electronic and ionic conductivity.In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis show that the conversion rate of polysulfides was accelerated during the charge-discharge process.The Ti-V interaction exhibits unique catalytic activity and regulates multiple continuous processes of sulfur species phase transformation,which are essential for the excellent energy performance of Li-S batteries.This study not only clarifies the catalytic mechanism of Ti-V at different dimensions but also proposes a promising strategy for the design of advanced catalytic systems in energy storage technology.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with new topologies and enhanced properties can be obtained by connecting metal-organic layers(MOLs)using multifunctional linkers.However,new topologies constructed by this method using l...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with new topologies and enhanced properties can be obtained by connecting metal-organic layers(MOLs)using multifunctional linkers.However,new topologies constructed by this method using linear-shaped ligands have not yet been explored.Herein,we present the design of NUT-123 by incorporating a near-linear perylene diimide(PDI)derivate,PDI-CH_(3)-COOH,into the preselected zirconium-based MOLs.3D electron diffraction confirms the successful construction of a novel topology in NUT-123.Furthermore,the uniformly dispersed PDI groups within the structure confer enhance photocatalytic capability while effectively circumventing the self-aggregation of PDI-CH_(3)-COOH.NUT-123 exhibits enhanced efficiency and selectivity in sulfide oxidation and demonstrates excellent substrate compatibility,achieving 100%conversion of various organic sulfides.Mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of sulfoxides is facilitated by concurrent electron and energy transfer.This work fills the gap in constructing a new topology by connecting MOLs with linear-shaped linkers and provides a photocatalyst for selective sulfide oxidation.展开更多
MAX series materials,as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds,contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension,combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherent...MAX series materials,as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds,contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension,combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherently laminated crystal structure that Mn+1Xn slabs are intercalated with A element layers.Oriented to the functional requirements of information,intelligence,electrification,and aerospace in the new era,how to accelerate MAX series materials into new quality productive forces?The systematic enhancement of knowledge about MAX series materials is intrinsic to understanding its low-dimensional geometric structure characteristics,and physical and chemical properties,revealing the correlation of composition,structure,and function and further realizing rational design based on simulation and prediction.Diversity also brings complexity to MAX materials research.This review provides substantial tabular information on(Ⅰ)MAX’s research timeline from 1960 to the present,(Ⅱ)structure diversity and classification convention,(Ⅲ)synthesis route exploration,(Ⅳ)prediction based on theory and machine learning,(Ⅴ)properties,and(Ⅵ)functional applications.Herein,the researchers can quickly locate research content and recognize connections and differences of MAX series materials.In addition,the research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials are highlighted.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))represents a promising approach to reducing CO_(2)emissions and producing high-value chemicals.The ethylene productivity is always limited by t...Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))represents a promising approach to reducing CO_(2)emissions and producing high-value chemicals.The ethylene productivity is always limited by the slow reaction kinetics and the high-performance catalysts are significantly desired.Many efforts have been made to develop a catalyst to activate CO_(2)molecules.However,as another reactant,H2O activation does not receive the attention it deserves.In particular,slow H2O dissociation kinetics limit the rate of proton supply,severely impairing the production of C_(2)H_(4).Here,we designed a MgO-modified CuO catalyst(MgO/CuO),which can promote H2O dissociation and enhance CO_(2)adsorption at the same time to realize the efficient ethylene production.The optimal catalyst exhibits a Faraday efficiency for C_(2)H_(4)reached 54.4%at−1.4 V vs.RHE in an H-cell,which is 1.4 times that of pure CuO(37.9%),and it was further enhanced to a 56.7%in a flow cell,with a high current density of up to 535.9 mA cm−2 at−1.0 V vs.RHE.Experimental and theoretical calculations show that MgO/CuO plays a bifunctional role in the CO_(2)RR,which facilitates the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)by CuO and simultaneously accelerates H2O dissociation by MgO doping.The in situ XRD experiments demonstrate that the introduction of MgO protects CuO active phase to avoid overreduction and preserves the active centers for CO_(2)RR.In combination with in situ FTIR and DFT calculations,the protonation process from*CO to*COH and asymmetric C–C coupling step are promoted by the enhanced water activation and proton coupling on MgO/CuO.This work provides new insights into the CO_(2)and H_(2)O coactivation mechanism in CO_(2)RR and a potential universal strategy to design ethylene production electrocatalysts.展开更多
Clay minerals can experience strong tensile and compressive forces in extreme environments such as the deep sea and subsurface.Moreover,the presence of water films greatly affects the mechanical properties of clay.To ...Clay minerals can experience strong tensile and compressive forces in extreme environments such as the deep sea and subsurface.Moreover,the presence of water films greatly affects the mechanical properties of clay.To explore these properties,we use a molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method to study axial mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of hydrated kaolinite.Two types of deformation are applied to kaolinite examples with varying water film thicknesses:stretching along the transverse(x)direction,and compression along the longitudinal(z)direction.The ultimate strengths of hydrated kaolinite with different water film thicknesses range from 8.12%to 27.53%(for stretching along the x-direction)and from 15.71%to 26.02%(for compression along the z-direction)less than those of dehydrated kaolinite.Additionally,we find that hydrated kaolinite is more prone to tensile than compressive failure under high stress.When stretched along the x-direction,the diffusion of water molecules results in unstable tensile properties.When compressed along the z-direction,water films weaken the compressive strength of the system and lead to greater compressive deformation,but also delay the time at which the system fails.Furthermore,we investigated the failure mechanisms of hydrated kaolinite through analysis of interaction energies.The tensile failure along the x-direction is caused by the breaking of the covalent bonds in the clay mineral sheet.On the other hand,the compressive failure along the z-direction is due to the crushing of the internal structure of the clay mineral sheet.展开更多
Undergraduate medical immunology education is an important part of the basic course of medical higher education in our country.As an important basic course for medical students,medical immunology teaching has shown al...Undergraduate medical immunology education is an important part of the basic course of medical higher education in our country.As an important basic course for medical students,medical immunology teaching has shown all kinds of deficiencies in the teaching effect by using the traditional teaching model of classroom teaching.Combined with the teaching characteristics and teaching difficulties of medical immunology,it is found in the teaching practice that in the key stage of traditional teaching,the combination of PBL and RISE teaching method of case teaching can integrate the previous learning knowledge of medical immunology through students’independent learning,and stimulate students’interest in learning.It can improve students’ability to connect immunology theory with clinical diseases and public health immunological events,and improve students’comprehensive ability to further learn medical immunology knowledge and other related disciplines in the next stage.A good teaching effect has been achieved.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the role of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) in clinical outcome of advanced gastric...Objective: To evaluate the role of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) in clinical outcome of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving capecitabine plus paclitaxel or cisplatin. Methods: The clinical data and tumor specimens from 57 advanced gastric cancer patients receiving first-line capecitabine plus paclitaxel (cohort 1, n=36) and capecitabine plus cisplatin (cohort 2, n=21) were retrospectively collected, and TUBB3, TS, TP, and ERCC1 expressions were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The associations between expressions of biomarkers and response or survival were analyzed statistically. Results: The median age of 57 patients was 57 years (range: 27–75 years) with 38 males and 19 females. Of all patients, the response rates of patients with high TP, low TP and high TS, low TS expressions were 57.1%, 27.6% (P=0.024), and 55.2%, 28.6% (P=0.042), respectively. Among cohort 1, the response rates and median overall survivals of patients with low and high TUBB3 expressions were 61.1% vs. 33.3% (P=0.095) and 13.8 months vs. 6.6 months (P=0.019), respectively; the response rate (87.5%) of patients with low TUBB3 and high TP expressions was higher than that (14.3%) of patients with high TUBB3 and low TP expressions (P=0.01). Among cohort 2, the response rates of patients with low ERCC1 and high ERCC1 expressions were 45.5% and 20.0% respectively (P=0.361). Conclusion: TUBB3, TS and TP expressions could predict the response of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving capecitabine-based and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. These results will be further confirmed in future large samples.展开更多
Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With...Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With the exception of estrogen-related tumors, androgen-related tumors have shown their characteristics in Bcl-2 expression. In this study, the status of Bcl-2 expression in male hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients was examined to verify the high incidence of HCC in males.Methods: Tumor tissue microarray was used to examine Bcl-2 expression levels in 374 HCC cases including 306 males and 68 females. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to investigate the predictive value of Bcl-2 in HCC patients.Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that male patients with higher Bcl-2 levels had significantly longer median survival time and recurrence time than those with lower levels. However, no significant differences in outcomes were found between different Bcl-2 levels in female patients. When the male patients were stratified into several age points, the level of Bcl-2expression showed poorer predictive efficiency in the 45–49 and 55–60 age groups in andropause-age patients compared with other age groups. Bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival(P < 0.0001) and recurrence time(P =0.0001) in male patients. After excluding male patients in the 45–60 age group, the predictive efficiency was enhanced(n = 147,OS, P = 0.0002, TTR, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Bcl-2 expression is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence in male HCC. Bcl-2 levels may also be regulated by androgens or androgen receptors in male HCC patients. Bcl-2 levels change and exhibit poor predictive efficiency when androgen levels vary dramatically(andropause age).展开更多
Annual influenza B virus epidemics and outbreaks cause severe influenza diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. China is an important epidemic area of influenza B viruses. However, the spatial, temporal...Annual influenza B virus epidemics and outbreaks cause severe influenza diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. China is an important epidemic area of influenza B viruses. However, the spatial, temporal transmission pathways and the demography history of influenza B viruses in China remain unknown. We collected the haemagglutinin gene sequences sampled of influenza B virus in China between 1973 and 2018. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo phylogeographic discrete approach was used to infer the spatial and temporal phylodynamics of influenza B virus. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of influenza B viruses showed that the North subtropical and South subtropical zones are the origins of the Victoria and Yamagata lineage viruses, respectively. Furthermore, the South temperate and North subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Victoria lineage virus dispersion network and that the North subtropical and Mid subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Yamagata lineage virus dispersion network. Our findings contribute to the knowledge regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza B virus outbreaks in China.展开更多
In this paper, based on the basic equations of water flow and heat transfer, the hydrothermal coupling model is established.The numerical model was realized in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and simulation results are ...In this paper, based on the basic equations of water flow and heat transfer, the hydrothermal coupling model is established.The numerical model was realized in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and simulation results are compared with the experimental results of Watanabe and Wake(2008) to verify the effectiveness of the model. Through the calculation, we can obtain the dynamic changes of heat and water fluxes, thermal and hydrological properties, matric potential and temperature gradient in unsaturated freezing soil; and these variables are unmeasurable in practice.展开更多
Objective:Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are relatively rare and heterogeneous malignancies with two major subtypes:low-grade neuroendocrine tumor(NET)and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC).Comprehensive molecula...Objective:Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are relatively rare and heterogeneous malignancies with two major subtypes:low-grade neuroendocrine tumor(NET)and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC).Comprehensive molecular characterization of NENs is needed to refine our understanding of the biological underpinnings of different NEN subtypes and to predict disease progression more accurately.Methods:We performed whole-exome sequencing(WES)of NEN samples from 49 patients(25 NETs and 24 NECs)arising from the stomach,intestines or lung.Clinicopathologic features were assessed and associated with molecular events.Results:NENs generally harbor a low mutation burden,with TP53 being the top mutated gene found in 31%of patients.Consistent with other studies,p53 signaling pathway dysfunction is significantly enriched in NECs compared to NETs(P<0.01).Other than TP53,tissue type-specific mutation profiles of NENs were observed in our cohort compared to those reported in pancreatic NETs.Importantly,we observed significant genomic instability,with increased copy number alterations observed across the NEN genome,which was more profound in NECs and independently correlated with poor overall survival(OS)(P<0.001).NECs could be further stratified into two molecular subtypes based on OS(P<0.001)and the chromosomal instability score(CIS).Interestingly,we discovered that the gain of whole chromosome 5 occurred at the early stage of NEN development,followed by the loss of 5 q exclusively in NECs(P<0.001).Conclusions:These findings provide novel insights into the molecular characteristics of NENs and highlight the association of genomic stability with clinical outcomes.展开更多
Employing RT-PCR amplification method, the mature pepfide coding sequence of glucoamylase （amyA） gene was amplified from total RNA of Talaro- myces emersonii and the xylanase （xyrut） gene from genomic DNA ofPaenib...Employing RT-PCR amplification method, the mature pepfide coding sequence of glucoamylase （amyA） gene was amplified from total RNA of Talaro- myces emersonii and the xylanase （xyrut） gene from genomic DNA ofPaenibacillus sp. H10-3. The result showed that the mature peptide sequence of amyA is 1857 bp long and encodes 618 amino acids; and the mature peptide sequence of xynA is 636 bp long and encodes 211 amino acids. Then these two genes were spliced by overlap extension PCR （ SOE-PCR）, yielding fusion gene amyA-l-xynA. The fusion gene amyA-l-xynA was then cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC9 to produce the recombinant expression plasmid pPIC9-amyA-l-xynA. The recombinant plasmid pPICg-amyA-l-xynA was linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GSll5 via electric shock, yielding engineering strain ALX2. The maximum yields of glucoamylase and xylanase in ALX2 fermentation supernatant were determined as 10.7 and 51.8 U/ml, respectively.展开更多
Heat-resistant energetic materials refer to a type of energetic materials that possess a high melting point,high stability and operational safety. By studying the structures of these energetic materials has showed tha...Heat-resistant energetic materials refer to a type of energetic materials that possess a high melting point,high stability and operational safety. By studying the structures of these energetic materials has showed that the thermal stability can be enhanced by introducing amino groups to form intra/inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, constructing conjugate systems and designing symmetrical structures. This article aims to review the physical and chemical properties of ultra-high temperature heat-resistant energetic compounds and provide valuable theoretical insights for the preparation of ultra-high temperature heatresistant energetic materials. We also analyze the selected 20 heat-resistant energetic materials with decomposition temperatures higher than 350℃, serving as templates for the synthesis of various highperformance heat-resistant energetic materials.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2024YFA1409001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos.12374037 and 12204044)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB28000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We theoretically explore a non-Hermitian superfluid model with complex-valued interaction, inspired by two-body loss stemming from inelastic scattering observed in ultracold atomic experiments. Utilizing both the right-eigenstate-based mean-field theory and its biorthogonal counterpart, we study the properties of the system. Notably, the right-eigenstate-based framework produces smooth and continuous solutions, in stark contrast to the absence of nontrivial solutions and the abrupt discontinuities observed in the biorthogonal-eigenstatebased framework under moderate dissipation. In addition, the lower condensation energy obtained in the former framework suggests its superior suitability for describing this system. Furthermore, we explore the impact of backscattering, a crucial factor in realistic systems. Our analysis reveals that, facilitated by two-body loss, even moderate backscattering destabilizes the superfluid state. Sufficiently strong backscattering completely destroys it, highlighting a key mechanism for the fragility of this non-Hermitian quantum phase.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51932005,22072164)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807175)the Research Fund of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science,the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Nos.YDZJ202301ZYTS280,YDZJ202201ZYTS305,YDZJ202401316ZYTS).
文摘Fluorine owing to its inherently high electronegativity exhibits charge delocalization and ion dissociation capabilities;as a result,there has been an influx of research studies focused on the utilization of fluorides to optimize solid electrolyte interfaces and provide dynamic protection of electrodes to regulate the reaction and function performance of batteries.Nonetheless,the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox reaction kinetics emphasize the potential bottlenecks of lithium-sulfur batteries.Whether fluorine modulation regulate the reaction process of Li-S chemistry?Here,the TiOF/Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene nanoribbons with a tailored F distribution were constructed via an NH4F fluorinated method.Relying on in situ characterizations and electrochemical analysis,the F activates the catalysis function of Ti metal atoms in the consecutive redox reaction.The positive charge of Ti metal sites is increased due to the formation of O-Ti-F bonds based on the Lewis acid-base mechanism,which contributes to the adsorption of polysulfides,provides more nucleation sites and promotes the cleavage of S-S bonds.This facilitates the deposition of Li_(2)S at lower overpotentials.Additionally,fluorine has the capacity to capture electrons originating from Li_(2)S dissolution due to charge compensation mechanisms.The fluorine modulation strategy holds the promise of guiding the construction of fluorine-based catalysts and facilitating the seamless integration of multiple consecutive heterogeneous catalytic processes.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91959205)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82141117)+3 种基金The Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH) (No. 2022-2-1023)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation Ypierrefabre (No. 202101-0099)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (No. PX2020045)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2020-4)。
文摘Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274033 and 12488201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403901 and 2024YFA1408700)。
文摘Half-semimetals,characterized by their spin-polarized electronic states,hold significant promise for spintronic applications but remain scarce due to stringent electronic and magnetic criteria.Through a combination of transport measurements and optical spectroscopy,we investigated the intermetallic compound Mn_(4)Al_(11),which features an exceptionally low carrier concentration and undergoes a magnetic phase transition near 68 K.Transport measurements reveal anomalies that deviate from typical metallic behavior at low temperatures.Optical spectroscopy indicates a small,nearly frequency-independent optical conductivity in the far-infrared region,with spectral weight decreasing as the temperature drops from 300 K to 50 K.These behaviors suggest a temperaturedependent carrier density and significant scattering of charge carriers.Combining experimental findings with calculated electronic band structures,we propose that Mn_(4)Al_(11) is a novel half-semimetal candidate exhibiting a ferrimagnetic ground state.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China(2020SK2102)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023JJ40420)+5 种基金the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2208154)the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(B202304088074)the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(202203105045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301435,82201484)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024JJ4083)the Graduate Research and Innovation Project of Hunan Education Department(CX20220528).
文摘Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN).Activation of the neuroinflammatory response has a pivotal role in PD.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various nerve injuries,but there are limited reports on their use in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:We investigated the effects of clinical-grade hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa(hOM)-MSCs on neural functional recovery in both PD models and patients,as well as the preventive effects on mouse models of PD.To assess improvement in neuroinflammatory response and neural functional recovery induced by hOM-MSCs exposure,we employed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq),assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing(ATAC-seq)combined with full-length transcriptome isoform-sequencing(ISO-seq),and functional assay.Furthermore,we present the findings from an initial cohort of patients enrolled in a phaseⅠfirstinhuman clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSC transplantation into severe PD patients.Results:A functional assay identified that transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),secreted from hOM-MSCs,played a critical role in modulating mitochondrial function recovery in dopaminergic neurons.This effect was achieved through improving microglia immune regulation and autophagy homeostasis in the SN,which are closely associated with neuroinflammatory responses.Mechanistically,exposure to hOM-MSCs led to an improvement in neuroinflammation and neural function recovery partially mediated by TGF-β1 via activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(ALK/PI3K/Akt)signaling pathway in microglia located in the SN of PD patients.Furthermore,intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSCs improved the recovery of neurologic function and regulated the neuroinflammatory response without any adverse reactions observed in patients with PD.Conclusions:These findings provide compelling evidence for the involvement of TGF-β1 in mediating the beneficial effects of hOM-MSCs on neural functional recovery in PD.Treatment and prevention of hOM-MSCs could be a promising and effective neuroprotective strategy for PD.Additionally,TGF-β1 may be used alone or combined with hOM-MSCs therapy for treating PD.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51932005)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807175)+1 种基金the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China(YDZJ202301ZYTS280)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(YDZJ202401316ZYTS)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)chemistry reaction opens a new battery era with high energy density;meanwhile,multiple electrons migration leads to the complex phase transition of sulfur species.To manipulate the binding strength of multiple key intermediates more efficiently,the bimetallic TiVC MXene is utilized to realize multi-dimensional catalysis.Based on the macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)structure using two-dimensional(2D)MXene architecture,electron conductivity and sulfur utilization are improved.Microscopically,Ti-V catalytic systems regulate multiple reaction intermediates through intermetallic synergies customized surface properties and atomic scale coordination,thereby improving electronic and ionic conductivity.In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis show that the conversion rate of polysulfides was accelerated during the charge-discharge process.The Ti-V interaction exhibits unique catalytic activity and regulates multiple continuous processes of sulfur species phase transformation,which are essential for the excellent energy performance of Li-S batteries.This study not only clarifies the catalytic mechanism of Ti-V at different dimensions but also proposes a promising strategy for the design of advanced catalytic systems in energy storage technology.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231270)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(22125804).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with new topologies and enhanced properties can be obtained by connecting metal-organic layers(MOLs)using multifunctional linkers.However,new topologies constructed by this method using linear-shaped ligands have not yet been explored.Herein,we present the design of NUT-123 by incorporating a near-linear perylene diimide(PDI)derivate,PDI-CH_(3)-COOH,into the preselected zirconium-based MOLs.3D electron diffraction confirms the successful construction of a novel topology in NUT-123.Furthermore,the uniformly dispersed PDI groups within the structure confer enhance photocatalytic capability while effectively circumventing the self-aggregation of PDI-CH_(3)-COOH.NUT-123 exhibits enhanced efficiency and selectivity in sulfide oxidation and demonstrates excellent substrate compatibility,achieving 100%conversion of various organic sulfides.Mechanistic studies indicate that the formation of sulfoxides is facilitated by concurrent electron and energy transfer.This work fills the gap in constructing a new topology by connecting MOLs with linear-shaped linkers and provides a photocatalyst for selective sulfide oxidation.
基金financial support by the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202201ZYTS305)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202401316ZYTS)the Innovation Laboratory Development Program of Education Department of Jilin Province and Industry and Information Technology Department of Jilin Province,China(The Joint Laboratory of MAX/MXene Materials).
文摘MAX series materials,as non-van der Waals layered multi-element compounds,contribute remarkable regulated properties and functional dimension,combining the features of metal and ceramic materials due to their inherently laminated crystal structure that Mn+1Xn slabs are intercalated with A element layers.Oriented to the functional requirements of information,intelligence,electrification,and aerospace in the new era,how to accelerate MAX series materials into new quality productive forces?The systematic enhancement of knowledge about MAX series materials is intrinsic to understanding its low-dimensional geometric structure characteristics,and physical and chemical properties,revealing the correlation of composition,structure,and function and further realizing rational design based on simulation and prediction.Diversity also brings complexity to MAX materials research.This review provides substantial tabular information on(Ⅰ)MAX’s research timeline from 1960 to the present,(Ⅱ)structure diversity and classification convention,(Ⅲ)synthesis route exploration,(Ⅳ)prediction based on theory and machine learning,(Ⅴ)properties,and(Ⅵ)functional applications.Herein,the researchers can quickly locate research content and recognize connections and differences of MAX series materials.In addition,the research challenges for the future development of MAX series materials are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2099,U22A20425,and 22208377)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QE062)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Ocean University of China(grant number 202364004)。
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))represents a promising approach to reducing CO_(2)emissions and producing high-value chemicals.The ethylene productivity is always limited by the slow reaction kinetics and the high-performance catalysts are significantly desired.Many efforts have been made to develop a catalyst to activate CO_(2)molecules.However,as another reactant,H2O activation does not receive the attention it deserves.In particular,slow H2O dissociation kinetics limit the rate of proton supply,severely impairing the production of C_(2)H_(4).Here,we designed a MgO-modified CuO catalyst(MgO/CuO),which can promote H2O dissociation and enhance CO_(2)adsorption at the same time to realize the efficient ethylene production.The optimal catalyst exhibits a Faraday efficiency for C_(2)H_(4)reached 54.4%at−1.4 V vs.RHE in an H-cell,which is 1.4 times that of pure CuO(37.9%),and it was further enhanced to a 56.7%in a flow cell,with a high current density of up to 535.9 mA cm−2 at−1.0 V vs.RHE.Experimental and theoretical calculations show that MgO/CuO plays a bifunctional role in the CO_(2)RR,which facilitates the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)by CuO and simultaneously accelerates H2O dissociation by MgO doping.The in situ XRD experiments demonstrate that the introduction of MgO protects CuO active phase to avoid overreduction and preserves the active centers for CO_(2)RR.In combination with in situ FTIR and DFT calculations,the protonation process from*CO to*COH and asymmetric C–C coupling step are promoted by the enhanced water activation and proton coupling on MgO/CuO.This work provides new insights into the CO_(2)and H_(2)O coactivation mechanism in CO_(2)RR and a potential universal strategy to design ethylene production electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52009149)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515012612),China。
文摘Clay minerals can experience strong tensile and compressive forces in extreme environments such as the deep sea and subsurface.Moreover,the presence of water films greatly affects the mechanical properties of clay.To explore these properties,we use a molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method to study axial mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of hydrated kaolinite.Two types of deformation are applied to kaolinite examples with varying water film thicknesses:stretching along the transverse(x)direction,and compression along the longitudinal(z)direction.The ultimate strengths of hydrated kaolinite with different water film thicknesses range from 8.12%to 27.53%(for stretching along the x-direction)and from 15.71%to 26.02%(for compression along the z-direction)less than those of dehydrated kaolinite.Additionally,we find that hydrated kaolinite is more prone to tensile than compressive failure under high stress.When stretched along the x-direction,the diffusion of water molecules results in unstable tensile properties.When compressed along the z-direction,water films weaken the compressive strength of the system and lead to greater compressive deformation,but also delay the time at which the system fails.Furthermore,we investigated the failure mechanisms of hydrated kaolinite through analysis of interaction energies.The tensile failure along the x-direction is caused by the breaking of the covalent bonds in the clay mineral sheet.On the other hand,the compressive failure along the z-direction is due to the crushing of the internal structure of the clay mineral sheet.
基金Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University(Project No.:XJ201935)。
文摘Undergraduate medical immunology education is an important part of the basic course of medical higher education in our country.As an important basic course for medical students,medical immunology teaching has shown all kinds of deficiencies in the teaching effect by using the traditional teaching model of classroom teaching.Combined with the teaching characteristics and teaching difficulties of medical immunology,it is found in the teaching practice that in the key stage of traditional teaching,the combination of PBL and RISE teaching method of case teaching can integrate the previous learning knowledge of medical immunology through students’independent learning,and stimulate students’interest in learning.It can improve students’ability to connect immunology theory with clinical diseases and public health immunological events,and improve students’comprehensive ability to further learn medical immunology knowledge and other related disciplines in the next stage.A good teaching effect has been achieved.
基金supported by the National "863" High‐Tech Res & Dev Program of China (No. 2006AA02A402)Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission Program "Optimization of pharmacotherapy and individual selection in gastric cancer" (No D101100050010023)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) in clinical outcome of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving capecitabine plus paclitaxel or cisplatin. Methods: The clinical data and tumor specimens from 57 advanced gastric cancer patients receiving first-line capecitabine plus paclitaxel (cohort 1, n=36) and capecitabine plus cisplatin (cohort 2, n=21) were retrospectively collected, and TUBB3, TS, TP, and ERCC1 expressions were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The associations between expressions of biomarkers and response or survival were analyzed statistically. Results: The median age of 57 patients was 57 years (range: 27–75 years) with 38 males and 19 females. Of all patients, the response rates of patients with high TP, low TP and high TS, low TS expressions were 57.1%, 27.6% (P=0.024), and 55.2%, 28.6% (P=0.042), respectively. Among cohort 1, the response rates and median overall survivals of patients with low and high TUBB3 expressions were 61.1% vs. 33.3% (P=0.095) and 13.8 months vs. 6.6 months (P=0.019), respectively; the response rate (87.5%) of patients with low TUBB3 and high TP expressions was higher than that (14.3%) of patients with high TUBB3 and low TP expressions (P=0.01). Among cohort 2, the response rates of patients with low ERCC1 and high ERCC1 expressions were 45.5% and 20.0% respectively (P=0.361). Conclusion: TUBB3, TS and TP expressions could predict the response of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving capecitabine-based and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. These results will be further confirmed in future large samples.
文摘Objective: The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) seems to be influenced by the endocrine environment. Numerous reports demonstrate the diverse expression of Bcl-2 family members under sex steroid regulation. With the exception of estrogen-related tumors, androgen-related tumors have shown their characteristics in Bcl-2 expression. In this study, the status of Bcl-2 expression in male hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients was examined to verify the high incidence of HCC in males.Methods: Tumor tissue microarray was used to examine Bcl-2 expression levels in 374 HCC cases including 306 males and 68 females. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to investigate the predictive value of Bcl-2 in HCC patients.Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that male patients with higher Bcl-2 levels had significantly longer median survival time and recurrence time than those with lower levels. However, no significant differences in outcomes were found between different Bcl-2 levels in female patients. When the male patients were stratified into several age points, the level of Bcl-2expression showed poorer predictive efficiency in the 45–49 and 55–60 age groups in andropause-age patients compared with other age groups. Bcl-2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival(P < 0.0001) and recurrence time(P =0.0001) in male patients. After excluding male patients in the 45–60 age group, the predictive efficiency was enhanced(n = 147,OS, P = 0.0002, TTR, P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Bcl-2 expression is an independent predictor of survival and recurrence in male HCC. Bcl-2 levels may also be regulated by androgens or androgen receptors in male HCC patients. Bcl-2 levels change and exhibit poor predictive efficiency when androgen levels vary dramatically(andropause age).
基金partially supported by the National Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFA0600104)donations from Delos Living LLC and the Cyrus Tang Foundation to Tsinghua University.
文摘Annual influenza B virus epidemics and outbreaks cause severe influenza diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. China is an important epidemic area of influenza B viruses. However, the spatial, temporal transmission pathways and the demography history of influenza B viruses in China remain unknown. We collected the haemagglutinin gene sequences sampled of influenza B virus in China between 1973 and 2018. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo phylogeographic discrete approach was used to infer the spatial and temporal phylodynamics of influenza B virus. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of influenza B viruses showed that the North subtropical and South subtropical zones are the origins of the Victoria and Yamagata lineage viruses, respectively. Furthermore, the South temperate and North subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Victoria lineage virus dispersion network and that the North subtropical and Mid subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Yamagata lineage virus dispersion network. Our findings contribute to the knowledge regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza B virus outbreaks in China.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41371092)partially supported by the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Re turned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Educa tion (Grant No. 20100528), China+2 种基金the State Key Labo ratory of Frozen Soil Engineering (SKLFSE201402)the National Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province Office of Education, China (Grant No. 14B170007)and the Doctoral Scientific Fund Project of Henan Polytechnic University (Grant No. 648347)
文摘In this paper, based on the basic equations of water flow and heat transfer, the hydrothermal coupling model is established.The numerical model was realized in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and simulation results are compared with the experimental results of Watanabe and Wake(2008) to verify the effectiveness of the model. Through the calculation, we can obtain the dynamic changes of heat and water fluxes, thermal and hydrological properties, matric potential and temperature gradient in unsaturated freezing soil; and these variables are unmeasurable in practice.
文摘Objective:Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are relatively rare and heterogeneous malignancies with two major subtypes:low-grade neuroendocrine tumor(NET)and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC).Comprehensive molecular characterization of NENs is needed to refine our understanding of the biological underpinnings of different NEN subtypes and to predict disease progression more accurately.Methods:We performed whole-exome sequencing(WES)of NEN samples from 49 patients(25 NETs and 24 NECs)arising from the stomach,intestines or lung.Clinicopathologic features were assessed and associated with molecular events.Results:NENs generally harbor a low mutation burden,with TP53 being the top mutated gene found in 31%of patients.Consistent with other studies,p53 signaling pathway dysfunction is significantly enriched in NECs compared to NETs(P<0.01).Other than TP53,tissue type-specific mutation profiles of NENs were observed in our cohort compared to those reported in pancreatic NETs.Importantly,we observed significant genomic instability,with increased copy number alterations observed across the NEN genome,which was more profound in NECs and independently correlated with poor overall survival(OS)(P<0.001).NECs could be further stratified into two molecular subtypes based on OS(P<0.001)and the chromosomal instability score(CIS).Interestingly,we discovered that the gain of whole chromosome 5 occurred at the early stage of NEN development,followed by the loss of 5 q exclusively in NECs(P<0.001).Conclusions:These findings provide novel insights into the molecular characteristics of NENs and highlight the association of genomic stability with clinical outcomes.
基金Supported by "948" Program of Agriculture Ministry of China(2011-Z09)Integrated Rural Energy Development Project of Agriculture Ministry of China(2130138-018)National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sectors of Institute of Crop Sciences,CAAS(2060302-13)
文摘Employing RT-PCR amplification method, the mature pepfide coding sequence of glucoamylase （amyA） gene was amplified from total RNA of Talaro- myces emersonii and the xylanase （xyrut） gene from genomic DNA ofPaenibacillus sp. H10-3. The result showed that the mature peptide sequence of amyA is 1857 bp long and encodes 618 amino acids; and the mature peptide sequence of xynA is 636 bp long and encodes 211 amino acids. Then these two genes were spliced by overlap extension PCR （ SOE-PCR）, yielding fusion gene amyA-l-xynA. The fusion gene amyA-l-xynA was then cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC9 to produce the recombinant expression plasmid pPIC9-amyA-l-xynA. The recombinant plasmid pPICg-amyA-l-xynA was linearized and transformed into Pichia pastoris GSll5 via electric shock, yielding engineering strain ALX2. The maximum yields of glucoamylase and xylanase in ALX2 fermentation supernatant were determined as 10.7 and 51.8 U/ml, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21975127,22105102,and 22135003)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.YESS20210074)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30921011204)。
文摘Heat-resistant energetic materials refer to a type of energetic materials that possess a high melting point,high stability and operational safety. By studying the structures of these energetic materials has showed that the thermal stability can be enhanced by introducing amino groups to form intra/inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, constructing conjugate systems and designing symmetrical structures. This article aims to review the physical and chemical properties of ultra-high temperature heat-resistant energetic compounds and provide valuable theoretical insights for the preparation of ultra-high temperature heatresistant energetic materials. We also analyze the selected 20 heat-resistant energetic materials with decomposition temperatures higher than 350℃, serving as templates for the synthesis of various highperformance heat-resistant energetic materials.
