BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)have demonstrated significant potential as a research and treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Nevertheless,a comprehensive quantitative analysis of TAMs in...BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)have demonstrated significant potential as a research and treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Nevertheless,a comprehensive quantitative analysis of TAMs in HCC remained insufficient.Therefore,the objective of this study was to employ bibliometric methods to investigate the development trends and research frontiers pertaining to this field.AIM To determine the knowledge structure and current research hotspots by bibliometric analysis of scholarly papers pertaining to TAMs in HCC.METHODS The present study employed the Web of Science Core Collection to identify all papers related to TAMs in HCC research.Utilizing the Analysis Platform of Bibliometrics,CiteSpace 6.2.R4,and Vosviewer 1.6.19,the study conducted a comprehensive analysis encompassing multiple dimensions such as publication quantity,countries of origin,affiliated institutions,publishing journals,contributing authors,co-references,author keywords,and emerging frontiers within this research domain.RESULTS A thorough examination was undertaken on 818 papers within this particular field,published between January 1,1985 to September 1,2023,which has witnessed a substantial surge in scholarly contributions since 2012,with a notable outbreak in 2019.China was serving as the central hub in this field,with Fudan University leading in terms of publications and citations.Chinese scholars have taken the forefront in driving the research expansion within this field.Hepatology emerged as the most influential journal in this field.The study by Qian and Pollard in 2010 received the highest number of co-citations.It was observed that the citation bursts of references coincided with the outbreak of publications.Notably,“tumor microenvironment”,“immunotherapy”,“prognostic”,“inflammation”,and“polarization”,etc.emerged as frequently occurring keywords in this field.Of particular interest,“immune evasion”,“immune infiltration”,and“cancer genome atlas”were identified as emerging frontiers in recent research.CONCLUSION The field of TAMs in HCC exhibited considerable potential,as evidenced by the promising prospects of immunotherapeutic interventions targeting TAMs for the amelioration of HCC.The emerging frontiers in this field primarily revolved around modulating the immunosuppressive characteristics of TAMs within a liver-specific immune environment,with a focus on how to counter immune evasion and reduce immune infiltration.展开更多
The understanding of temperature and time-dependent metal borides precipitation/dissolution is crucial for the design of the transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding process of Ni-based alloys.It however remains elusive des...The understanding of temperature and time-dependent metal borides precipitation/dissolution is crucial for the design of the transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding process of Ni-based alloys.It however remains elusive despite substantial research efforts for many years mainly owing to the uncertainty on the precipitated metal borides and the complex thermo-kinetics in the process.In this paper,we have unambiguously constructed the micro/nano scale map of the precipitated metal borides in the TLP bonded Ni-based Inconel 718 superalloy via a high-throughput transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis.Five types of metal borides were found to precipitate in the diffusion affected zone(DAZ)when the isothermal solidification is completed.They are the M_(5)B_(3)with stacking faults,Ti-rich M_(3)B4,and Nb-rich M_(3)B4 at the grain boundaries as well as single-crystalline M_(5)B_(3)and M_(3)B2 inside the grains.Notably,the crystal structure of the faulted M_(5)B_(3)was rationalized by a hybrid modelling approach integrating firstprinciples calculation and TEM experiments.The sublattice model,with the optimized thermodynamic model parameters,was used to reproduce the metal borides precipitation map in the TLP process using DICTRA software.Coupling with multiscale simulation and experimental data,the present work built a modified thermo-kinetic model,which enables the design of the TLP bonding process of Ni-based alloys that often involves complicated time-tempe rature schedules and the precipitation/dissolution of a variety of diffe rent phases.The strategy can be applied to the design of the brazing process of other alloys or hybrid materials such as ceramics and metal.展开更多
The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of China;it is the longest as-build marine crossings made of island, tunnel, and bridge. It links Hong Kong in th...The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of China;it is the longest as-build marine crossings made of island, tunnel, and bridge. It links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai–Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km. The link was built according to the highway standard of six lanes with three lanes going each way;it has a design speed of 100 km·h^-1 and a design life of 120 years. The HZMB has improved traffic conditions on the east and west sides of the coast of the Pearl River Estuary and strengthened the communication, transportation, and economic integration of the three regions, thus accelerating the formation of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper introduces the design and construction of the HZMB, with a focus on the new technologies involved in building the artificial islands and immersed tunnel.展开更多
Pore structure of hard carbon has a fundamental influence on the electrochemical properties in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm)of hard carbon can function as ionic sieves to reduce the diffusion...Pore structure of hard carbon has a fundamental influence on the electrochemical properties in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm)of hard carbon can function as ionic sieves to reduce the diffusion of slovated Na+but allow the entrance of naked Na^(+) into the pores,which can reduce the interficial contact between the electrolyte and the inner pores without sacrificing the fast diffusion kinetics.Herein,a molten diffusion-carbonization method is proposed to transform the micropores(>1 nm)inside carbon into ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm).Consequently,the designed carbon anode displays an enhanced capacity of 346 mAh g^(−1) at 30 mA g^(−1) with a high ICE value of~80.6%and most of the capacity(~90%)is below 1 V.Moreover,the high-loading electrode(~19 mg cm^(−2))exhibits a good temperature endurance with a high areal capacity of 6.14 mAh cm^(−2) at 25℃ and 5.32 mAh cm^(−2) at −20℃.Based on the in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance results,the designed ultra-micropores provide the extra Na+storage sites,which mainly contributes to the enhanced capacity.This proposed strategy shows a good potential for the development of high-performance SIBs.展开更多
The molten mixtures of alkali metal fluorides and aluminum fluoride are applied as aluminum electrolytes or brazing fluxes.However,the presence of Al2F-7^-in such molten systems is disputed.In the present study,MF-AlF...The molten mixtures of alkali metal fluorides and aluminum fluoride are applied as aluminum electrolytes or brazing fluxes.However,the presence of Al2F-7^-in such molten systems is disputed.In the present study,MF-AlF3(M=K,Cs)systems with molar ratios<1 were studied by in-situ Raman spectroscopy and molecular simulation.The results show that,in addition to AlF6^(3-),AlF5^(2-),and AlF4^-,the systems also contained Al2F-7^-.The characteristic bands in the Raman spectra belonging to Al2F-7^-were located at about 225 cm^-1,315 cm^-1,479 cm^-1,and 720 cm^-1.There are two possible structures of Al2F-7^-,which belong to the D3d and D3hpoint groups.Both of these structures are linear,and their single-point energies were found to differ by only 0.31 kcal/mol.展开更多
AIM: To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the pooled prevalence rate of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis.METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Coc...AIM: To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the pooled prevalence rate of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis.METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Chongqing VIP databases for studies reporting the prevalence of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis. The reference lists of relevant studies were scanned. Heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies was tested. We calculated prevalence ratios to compare prevalence estimates for different causes of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis, as well as for different geographical regions, year of publication and sample size in subgroup analyses. A systematic review and Meta-analysis were performed.RESULTS: We identified 29 eligible surveys with a total population of 2436. Prevalence rates of amblyopia ranged from 13.8% to 69%. We noted substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates for amblyopia in congenital ptosis(Cochran’s χ2 significant at P<0.0001; I2=90%). The pooled prevalence using random-effects models of 29 studies was 32.8%(95%CI: 27.3%-38.4%) in the overall population. Compared to the overall pooled prevalence, amblyopia prevalence was higher in studies in which only subjects with blepharophimosis syndrome were included.CONCLUSION: We confirm that nearly one-third of congenital ptosis patients are suffering from or at risk for amblyopia. Patients with blepharophimosis syndrome are more likely to develop amblyopia. The identificationand management of amblyopia should be integral to the treatment of congenital ptosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium is common in patients who undergo neurosurgery for craniocerebral injury.However,there is no specific medical test to predict postoperative delirium to date.AIM To explore risk factor...BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium is common in patients who undergo neurosurgery for craniocerebral injury.However,there is no specific medical test to predict postoperative delirium to date.AIM To explore risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with craniocerebral injury in the neurosurgery intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in 120 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to Hainan People’s Hospital/Hainan Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University,and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University between January 2018 and January 2020.The patients were categorized into groups based on whether delirium occurred.Of them,25 patients with delirium were included in the delirium group,and 95 patients without delirium were included in the observation group.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between sex,age,educational level,Glasgow coma scale(GCS),complications(with or without concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia and ventricular compression)and site of injury and delirium.RESULTS The GCS score above 8 and concomitant disease of cerebral concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia and ventricular compression,and damage to the frontal lobe were associated with delirium in patients admitted to neurosurgical intensive care unit(ICU)(all P<0.05).However,age,sex,administration more than three medicines,and educational level were not significantly associated with the onset of delirium in patients with craniocerebral injury in the neurosurgical ICU(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score above 8,cerebral concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia,ventricle compression,and frontal lobe disorders were independent risk factors for delirium in patients with craniocerebral injury in the neurosurgical ICU(P<0.05).CONCLUSION GCS score,concussive concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia,ventricle compression,and damage to frontal lobe are risk factors of postoperative delirium.展开更多
Molten salt-cooled reactor is one of the six GenIV reactors with promising characteristics including safety,reliability,proliferation resistance,physical protection,economics,and sustainability.In this paper,a small i...Molten salt-cooled reactor is one of the six GenIV reactors with promising characteristics including safety,reliability,proliferation resistance,physical protection,economics,and sustainability.In this paper,a small innovative molten chloride-cooled fast reactor(MCCFR)with 30-year core and a target 120-MWt thermal power was presented.For its feasible study,neutronics,thermal-hydraulics,and radiation damage analysis were performed.The key design properties including kinetics parameters,reactivity swing,reactivity feedback coefficients,maximum accumulated displacement per atom(DPA)of reactor pressure vessel(RPV)and fuel cladding,and maximum coolant,cladding,and fuel temperatures were evaluated.The results showed the MCCFR could operate without refueling for 30 years with overall negative reactivity feedback coefficients up the end of its life.During its 30-year life,the excess reactivity was well managed by constantly pulling out the control rods.The maximum accumulated DPA on RPV and fuel cladding were 8.92 dpa and 197.03 dpa,respectively,which are both below the design limits.Similarly,the maximum coolant,cladding and fuel center temperatures were all below the design limits during its entire lifetime.According to these results,the MCCFR core design with long life is feasible.展开更多
The blades of large-scale wind turbines can obviously deform during operation,and such a deformation can affect the wind turbine’s output power to a certain extent.In order to shed some light on this phenomenon,for w...The blades of large-scale wind turbines can obviously deform during operation,and such a deformation can affect the wind turbine’s output power to a certain extent.In order to shed some light on this phenomenon,for which limited information is available in the literature,a bidirectional fluid-structure interaction(FSI)numerical model is employed in this work.In particular,a 5 MW large-scale wind turbine designed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)of the United States is considered as a testbed.The research results show that blades’deformation can increase the wind turbine’s output power by 135 kW at rated working conditions.Compared with the outcomes of the simulations conducted using the model with no blade deformation,the results obtained with the FSI model are closer to the experimental data.It is concluded that the bidirectional FSI model can replicate the working conditions of wind turbines with great fidelity,thereby providing an effective method for wind turbine design and optimization.展开更多
A simple, cheap and non-enzymatic colorimetric strategy for glucose detection has been designed based on the interactions between a phenylboronic acid （PBA） derivative, which is coupled with gold nanoparticles （Au...A simple, cheap and non-enzymatic colorimetric strategy for glucose detection has been designed based on the interactions between a phenylboronic acid （PBA） derivative, which is coupled with gold nanoparticles （AuNPs） as the colorimetric reporters, and glucose. The PBA-AuNPs hybrid system proposed here exhibits ordered photochemistry behaviors upon the addition of glucose at different pH values. There are two linear regions of glucose concentration for the glucose sensor at different pH values, i.e., between 0.1 mmol/L and 9.8 mmol/L at pH 6 with the detection limit of 64μmol/L and between 0 and 6.5 mmol/L with the detection limit of 48 μmol/L at pH 9, respectively. To test the practicality of the sensor system, we also applied this assay to detect a glucose sample in the artificial saliva.展开更多
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao （HZM） Bridge is located at the Pearl River estuary and has a total length of 55 km. The HZM Bridge＇s main navigational crossing is by way of two 100 000 m2 artificial islands and a 6.7 km...The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao （HZM） Bridge is located at the Pearl River estuary and has a total length of 55 km. The HZM Bridge＇s main navigational crossing is by way of two 100 000 m2 artificial islands and a 6.7 km long undersea tunnel, which are the link＇s most critical parts.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the reliability of a modified threedimensional distraction test(3D-DT) and three-dimensional pinch test(3D-PT) for assessing lower eyelid tension(LET).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted...AIM: To investigate the reliability of a modified threedimensional distraction test(3D-DT) and three-dimensional pinch test(3D-PT) for assessing lower eyelid tension(LET).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 97 volunteer s including 97 eyelids with no history of trauma, tumor, or reconstructive surgeries. Six three-dimensional photographs were acquired for each par ticipant, including two photographs obtained in a neutral position(NP), two using a modified 3D-DT with a 15.9-grammes stainless steel eyelid hook performed, and two using 3D-PT.RESULTS: The mean absolute differences between NP, 3D-DT, and 3D-PT measurements varied between 0.07 and 7.42, 0.10 and 13.10, and 0.07 and 15.97, respectively;technical error of measurement varied between 0.05 and 7.81, 0.09 and 10.19, and 0.07 and 12.47, respectively;and relative error measurements varied between 0.10% and 11.50%, 0.16% and 30.51%, and 0.11% and 38.75%, respectively. For intra-rater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) were more than 0.80 in seven out of eight measurements obtained in the NP and 3D-DT, whereas those obtained in the 3D-PT were as low as less than 0.30 by rater 1;the ICCs of all the measurements obtained in all the positions(NP, 3D-DT, and 3D-PT) were more than 0.80 by rater 2. For inter-rater reliability six out of eight NP and 3D-DT measurements had an ICC greater than 0.80, whereas those of 3D-PT measurements were less than 0.30. For intra-method reliability, the ICCs of all the NP measurements were more than 0.87, whereas those of the six 3D-DT measurements and four 3D-PT measurements were more than 0.80.CONCLUSION: Our study results prove that the modified 3D-DT, which involves the use of an eyelid hook, can be a highly reliable method for evaluating LET. Furthermore, this novel and simple method may be utilized as the basis for further investigation and routine pre-and postoperative clinical evaluation.展开更多
The cell activity of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)is affected by the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the level of autophagy.Previous studies reveal that acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)possesses capacities of...The cell activity of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)is affected by the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the level of autophagy.Previous studies reveal that acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)possesses capacities of resisting oxidative stress and regulating autophagy.Activating molecule in Beclin1-regulated autophagy protein 1(AMBRA1)plays a key role in initiating Beclin1-regulated autophagy.In the present study,we discovered ALC pretreatment(1 mM,24 h)significantly increased the activity of ADSCs exposed to H_(2)O_(2)(100μM,2 h)in vitro with improved stemness,and reduced the production of intracellular ROS.In addition,we found for the first time that ALC treatment up-regulated autophagy of ADSCs through strengthening the expressions of Beclin1 and AMBRA1 synchronously,which might be involved in the protective effect of ALC.展开更多
Dear Editor,Methamphetamine(METH)is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that has severe physical and psychological side-effects,including loss of appetite,hyperactivity,dysphoria,and depression[1].Due ...Dear Editor,Methamphetamine(METH)is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that has severe physical and psychological side-effects,including loss of appetite,hyperactivity,dysphoria,and depression[1].Due to its illegal production,distribution,sale,and possession it has become a worldwide burden.METH is directly toxic to dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurons,resulting in excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,and other processes[2].Research on biomolecules associated with these processes will be useful for identifying potential markers,exploring the mechanism of METH dependence,and even developing prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
Many eating behaviors form in childhood,and some unhealthy behaviors may persist into adulthood and have potential impacts on people＇s health.This study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral intervention in reduc...Many eating behaviors form in childhood,and some unhealthy behaviors may persist into adulthood and have potential impacts on people＇s health.This study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral intervention in reducing consumption of Western fast food,sweetened beverages,fried food in preschool children,and changing parents＇ rewarding behaviors that encourage the consumption of the unhealthy foods.The research was a cluster randomized trial of seven kindergartens,involving 1138 children aged 3–6 years and their parents in Beijing,China.Parents and children allocated to the intervention group received two lectures and printed resources,including behavior cards,educational sheets.Children＇s behavior cards,applied with behavior-changing techniques,were used to intervene,and monitor behavior changes over time.Children in the control group just followed their usual health education curriculum in kindergartens.Intervention effects on food consumption behaviors were assessed by examining pre-and post-questionnaires.Of the 1138 children screened at baseline,880（77.3%） were measured at the end of the intervention period.The intervention lasted from March to June in 2010.The results showed that consumption of Western fast food,sweetened beverages,and fried food was decreased among the intervention group（P〈0.001）.Proportions of parents using Western fast food as rewards for their children were decreased（P=0.002）.From March to June 2010,the frequency of each target behavior in children tended to decrease over the intervention period（P〈0.001）.Most parents favored regularly-delivered behavior cards or materials for behavioral intervention.In conclusion,the behavioral intervention encourages the healthier eating behaviors of children and reduces the parents＇ practice of using unhealthy foods as reward.展开更多
Orbital fractures generally do not cause eyelid malposition.Studies have shown that mostly eyelid malposition is mainly due to the choice of surgical approaches of orbital fracture repair.Approaches are divided into t...Orbital fractures generally do not cause eyelid malposition.Studies have shown that mostly eyelid malposition is mainly due to the choice of surgical approaches of orbital fracture repair.Approaches are divided into transcutaneous and transconjunctival ones.The application of orbital fracture approaches depends on fractures’range and the surgeons’preferences.Eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery is not only an aesthetic concern but also a functional complication,which will cause eyes discomfort,such as corneal exposure and ocular irritation.Some patients may have multiple types of eyelid malposition.In this review,we summarized the surgical approaches of orbital fractures and the complications including scar,ectropion,retraction,entropion,flattening,laceration and lacrimal canaliculus avulsion and notch deformity that associated with eyelid,especially the lower eyelid.Reports revealed that the scar usually occurred in infraorbital incisions compared with subtarsal and subciliary incisions,and the transconjunctival approach had a higher incidence of entropion and flattening,and less ectropion than the transcutaneous approach.Meanwhile,pathogenesis of eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery are discussed.Furthermore,to prevent eyelid malposition complications,doctors should choose the appropriate orbital fracture approach according to the patient’s needs,and delicate tissue management,technical expertise,and meticulous hemostasis are necessary.Conservative treatment with taping,lubricating ointment,and steroid for eyelid malposition complications should be performed first,and then surgical intervention when the conservative treatment fails.展开更多
Anthropometry can analyze the size,weight,and proportion of the human body objectively and quantitatively to supplement the visual assessment.Various non-invasive three-dimensional(3D)anthropometric techniques have be...Anthropometry can analyze the size,weight,and proportion of the human body objectively and quantitatively to supplement the visual assessment.Various non-invasive three-dimensional(3D)anthropometric techniques have been applied to assess soft tissues’3D morphology in the clinical practice.Among them,non-invasive stereophotogrammetry and laser scanning techniques are becoming increasingly popular in craniofacial surgery and plastic surgery.They have been applied for craniofacial growth estimation and morphometric investigation,genetic and acquired malformation diagnosis,as well as orthodontic or surgical treatment arrangement and outcome evaluation.However,few studies have been published for assessing the 3D morphology of soft tissues in the periorbital region.This paper reviews the studies involving the application and evaluation of the increasingly popular 3D photogrammetry in the periorbital region.These studies proposed detailed and standardized protocols for three-dimensionally assessing linear,curvilinear,angular,as well as volumetric measurements,and verified its high reliability in the periorbital region(even higher than caliper-derived direct measurements).In the future,reliable and accurate 3D imaging techniques,as well as standardized analyzing protocols,may find applications in following up morphological growth,preoperatively diagnosing and assessing patient periorbital conditions,planning surgical procedures,postoperatively evaluating treatment outcomes of a specific procedure,and comparing the differences in surgical results between various procedures,studies,as well as populations.展开更多
基金Supported by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZZYSM202111002Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.B2302008+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.JCYJ20220531091809022,No.JSGG20210802093208023,No.JCYJ20220818103402006,and No.ZDSYS201606081515458Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province,No.20231286.
文摘BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)have demonstrated significant potential as a research and treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Nevertheless,a comprehensive quantitative analysis of TAMs in HCC remained insufficient.Therefore,the objective of this study was to employ bibliometric methods to investigate the development trends and research frontiers pertaining to this field.AIM To determine the knowledge structure and current research hotspots by bibliometric analysis of scholarly papers pertaining to TAMs in HCC.METHODS The present study employed the Web of Science Core Collection to identify all papers related to TAMs in HCC research.Utilizing the Analysis Platform of Bibliometrics,CiteSpace 6.2.R4,and Vosviewer 1.6.19,the study conducted a comprehensive analysis encompassing multiple dimensions such as publication quantity,countries of origin,affiliated institutions,publishing journals,contributing authors,co-references,author keywords,and emerging frontiers within this research domain.RESULTS A thorough examination was undertaken on 818 papers within this particular field,published between January 1,1985 to September 1,2023,which has witnessed a substantial surge in scholarly contributions since 2012,with a notable outbreak in 2019.China was serving as the central hub in this field,with Fudan University leading in terms of publications and citations.Chinese scholars have taken the forefront in driving the research expansion within this field.Hepatology emerged as the most influential journal in this field.The study by Qian and Pollard in 2010 received the highest number of co-citations.It was observed that the citation bursts of references coincided with the outbreak of publications.Notably,“tumor microenvironment”,“immunotherapy”,“prognostic”,“inflammation”,and“polarization”,etc.emerged as frequently occurring keywords in this field.Of particular interest,“immune evasion”,“immune infiltration”,and“cancer genome atlas”were identified as emerging frontiers in recent research.CONCLUSION The field of TAMs in HCC exhibited considerable potential,as evidenced by the promising prospects of immunotherapeutic interventions targeting TAMs for the amelioration of HCC.The emerging frontiers in this field primarily revolved around modulating the immunosuppressive characteristics of TAMs within a liver-specific immune environment,with a focus on how to counter immune evasion and reduce immune infiltration.
基金financially supported by the National Supercomputing Centre Singapore for the use of its high-performance computing facilitiesthe financial support from grant A1898b0043 sponsored by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(ASTAR),Singaporethe financial support from ASTAR Metal Alloy Design and Synthesis program(SC25/18-8R1715-PRJ1)。
文摘The understanding of temperature and time-dependent metal borides precipitation/dissolution is crucial for the design of the transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding process of Ni-based alloys.It however remains elusive despite substantial research efforts for many years mainly owing to the uncertainty on the precipitated metal borides and the complex thermo-kinetics in the process.In this paper,we have unambiguously constructed the micro/nano scale map of the precipitated metal borides in the TLP bonded Ni-based Inconel 718 superalloy via a high-throughput transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis.Five types of metal borides were found to precipitate in the diffusion affected zone(DAZ)when the isothermal solidification is completed.They are the M_(5)B_(3)with stacking faults,Ti-rich M_(3)B4,and Nb-rich M_(3)B4 at the grain boundaries as well as single-crystalline M_(5)B_(3)and M_(3)B2 inside the grains.Notably,the crystal structure of the faulted M_(5)B_(3)was rationalized by a hybrid modelling approach integrating firstprinciples calculation and TEM experiments.The sublattice model,with the optimized thermodynamic model parameters,was used to reproduce the metal borides precipitation map in the TLP process using DICTRA software.Coupling with multiscale simulation and experimental data,the present work built a modified thermo-kinetic model,which enables the design of the TLP bonding process of Ni-based alloys that often involves complicated time-tempe rature schedules and the precipitation/dissolution of a variety of diffe rent phases.The strategy can be applied to the design of the brazing process of other alloys or hybrid materials such as ceramics and metal.
文摘The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the southeast coast of China;it is the longest as-build marine crossings made of island, tunnel, and bridge. It links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai–Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km. The link was built according to the highway standard of six lanes with three lanes going each way;it has a design speed of 100 km·h^-1 and a design life of 120 years. The HZMB has improved traffic conditions on the east and west sides of the coast of the Pearl River Estuary and strengthened the communication, transportation, and economic integration of the three regions, thus accelerating the formation of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper introduces the design and construction of the HZMB, with a focus on the new technologies involved in building the artificial islands and immersed tunnel.
基金Singapore MOE Tier Ⅱ grant R143-000-A29-112the National Research Foundation under the Grant of NRF2017NRF-NSFC001-007.
文摘Pore structure of hard carbon has a fundamental influence on the electrochemical properties in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm)of hard carbon can function as ionic sieves to reduce the diffusion of slovated Na+but allow the entrance of naked Na^(+) into the pores,which can reduce the interficial contact between the electrolyte and the inner pores without sacrificing the fast diffusion kinetics.Herein,a molten diffusion-carbonization method is proposed to transform the micropores(>1 nm)inside carbon into ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm).Consequently,the designed carbon anode displays an enhanced capacity of 346 mAh g^(−1) at 30 mA g^(−1) with a high ICE value of~80.6%and most of the capacity(~90%)is below 1 V.Moreover,the high-loading electrode(~19 mg cm^(−2))exhibits a good temperature endurance with a high areal capacity of 6.14 mAh cm^(−2) at 25℃ and 5.32 mAh cm^(−2) at −20℃.Based on the in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance results,the designed ultra-micropores provide the extra Na+storage sites,which mainly contributes to the enhanced capacity.This proposed strategy shows a good potential for the development of high-performance SIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51474060)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2017 YFC0805100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(China)(grant no.2019-MS-129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(grant no.N162502002).
文摘The molten mixtures of alkali metal fluorides and aluminum fluoride are applied as aluminum electrolytes or brazing fluxes.However,the presence of Al2F-7^-in such molten systems is disputed.In the present study,MF-AlF3(M=K,Cs)systems with molar ratios<1 were studied by in-situ Raman spectroscopy and molecular simulation.The results show that,in addition to AlF6^(3-),AlF5^(2-),and AlF4^-,the systems also contained Al2F-7^-.The characteristic bands in the Raman spectra belonging to Al2F-7^-were located at about 225 cm^-1,315 cm^-1,479 cm^-1,and 720 cm^-1.There are two possible structures of Al2F-7^-,which belong to the D3d and D3hpoint groups.Both of these structures are linear,and their single-point energies were found to differ by only 0.31 kcal/mol.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870688)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Natural Science Foundation(No.16ZR1419600)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(No.17DZ2260100)
文摘AIM: To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the pooled prevalence rate of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis.METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Chongqing VIP databases for studies reporting the prevalence of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis. The reference lists of relevant studies were scanned. Heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies was tested. We calculated prevalence ratios to compare prevalence estimates for different causes of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis, as well as for different geographical regions, year of publication and sample size in subgroup analyses. A systematic review and Meta-analysis were performed.RESULTS: We identified 29 eligible surveys with a total population of 2436. Prevalence rates of amblyopia ranged from 13.8% to 69%. We noted substantial heterogeneity in prevalence estimates for amblyopia in congenital ptosis(Cochran’s χ2 significant at P<0.0001; I2=90%). The pooled prevalence using random-effects models of 29 studies was 32.8%(95%CI: 27.3%-38.4%) in the overall population. Compared to the overall pooled prevalence, amblyopia prevalence was higher in studies in which only subjects with blepharophimosis syndrome were included.CONCLUSION: We confirm that nearly one-third of congenital ptosis patients are suffering from or at risk for amblyopia. Patients with blepharophimosis syndrome are more likely to develop amblyopia. The identificationand management of amblyopia should be integral to the treatment of congenital ptosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium is common in patients who undergo neurosurgery for craniocerebral injury.However,there is no specific medical test to predict postoperative delirium to date.AIM To explore risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients with craniocerebral injury in the neurosurgery intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in 120 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to Hainan People’s Hospital/Hainan Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University,and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University between January 2018 and January 2020.The patients were categorized into groups based on whether delirium occurred.Of them,25 patients with delirium were included in the delirium group,and 95 patients without delirium were included in the observation group.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between sex,age,educational level,Glasgow coma scale(GCS),complications(with or without concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia and ventricular compression)and site of injury and delirium.RESULTS The GCS score above 8 and concomitant disease of cerebral concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia and ventricular compression,and damage to the frontal lobe were associated with delirium in patients admitted to neurosurgical intensive care unit(ICU)(all P<0.05).However,age,sex,administration more than three medicines,and educational level were not significantly associated with the onset of delirium in patients with craniocerebral injury in the neurosurgical ICU(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score above 8,cerebral concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia,ventricle compression,and frontal lobe disorders were independent risk factors for delirium in patients with craniocerebral injury in the neurosurgical ICU(P<0.05).CONCLUSION GCS score,concussive concussion,cerebral contusion,hypoxemia,ventricle compression,and damage to frontal lobe are risk factors of postoperative delirium.
基金This work was supported by Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XD20191031).
文摘Molten salt-cooled reactor is one of the six GenIV reactors with promising characteristics including safety,reliability,proliferation resistance,physical protection,economics,and sustainability.In this paper,a small innovative molten chloride-cooled fast reactor(MCCFR)with 30-year core and a target 120-MWt thermal power was presented.For its feasible study,neutronics,thermal-hydraulics,and radiation damage analysis were performed.The key design properties including kinetics parameters,reactivity swing,reactivity feedback coefficients,maximum accumulated displacement per atom(DPA)of reactor pressure vessel(RPV)and fuel cladding,and maximum coolant,cladding,and fuel temperatures were evaluated.The results showed the MCCFR could operate without refueling for 30 years with overall negative reactivity feedback coefficients up the end of its life.During its 30-year life,the excess reactivity was well managed by constantly pulling out the control rods.The maximum accumulated DPA on RPV and fuel cladding were 8.92 dpa and 197.03 dpa,respectively,which are both below the design limits.Similarly,the maximum coolant,cladding and fuel center temperatures were all below the design limits during its entire lifetime.According to these results,the MCCFR core design with long life is feasible.
基金supported by the CHN Energy United Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,China(Contract No.2020-75).
文摘The blades of large-scale wind turbines can obviously deform during operation,and such a deformation can affect the wind turbine’s output power to a certain extent.In order to shed some light on this phenomenon,for which limited information is available in the literature,a bidirectional fluid-structure interaction(FSI)numerical model is employed in this work.In particular,a 5 MW large-scale wind turbine designed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL)of the United States is considered as a testbed.The research results show that blades’deformation can increase the wind turbine’s output power by 135 kW at rated working conditions.Compared with the outcomes of the simulations conducted using the model with no blade deformation,the results obtained with the FSI model are closer to the experimental data.It is concluded that the bidirectional FSI model can replicate the working conditions of wind turbines with great fidelity,thereby providing an effective method for wind turbine design and optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars(No.21106064)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB725204)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.21225626)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK2012822 and BK20131406)
文摘A simple, cheap and non-enzymatic colorimetric strategy for glucose detection has been designed based on the interactions between a phenylboronic acid （PBA） derivative, which is coupled with gold nanoparticles （AuNPs） as the colorimetric reporters, and glucose. The PBA-AuNPs hybrid system proposed here exhibits ordered photochemistry behaviors upon the addition of glucose at different pH values. There are two linear regions of glucose concentration for the glucose sensor at different pH values, i.e., between 0.1 mmol/L and 9.8 mmol/L at pH 6 with the detection limit of 64μmol/L and between 0 and 6.5 mmol/L with the detection limit of 48 μmol/L at pH 9, respectively. To test the practicality of the sensor system, we also applied this assay to detect a glucose sample in the artificial saliva.
文摘The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao （HZM） Bridge is located at the Pearl River estuary and has a total length of 55 km. The HZM Bridge＇s main navigational crossing is by way of two 100 000 m2 artificial islands and a 6.7 km long undersea tunnel, which are the link＇s most critical parts.
基金Supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development (No.2018YFC1106103)Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project-Youth Project (No.2022QNXM016)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2021FZZX005-15)。
文摘AIM: To investigate the reliability of a modified threedimensional distraction test(3D-DT) and three-dimensional pinch test(3D-PT) for assessing lower eyelid tension(LET).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 97 volunteer s including 97 eyelids with no history of trauma, tumor, or reconstructive surgeries. Six three-dimensional photographs were acquired for each par ticipant, including two photographs obtained in a neutral position(NP), two using a modified 3D-DT with a 15.9-grammes stainless steel eyelid hook performed, and two using 3D-PT.RESULTS: The mean absolute differences between NP, 3D-DT, and 3D-PT measurements varied between 0.07 and 7.42, 0.10 and 13.10, and 0.07 and 15.97, respectively;technical error of measurement varied between 0.05 and 7.81, 0.09 and 10.19, and 0.07 and 12.47, respectively;and relative error measurements varied between 0.10% and 11.50%, 0.16% and 30.51%, and 0.11% and 38.75%, respectively. For intra-rater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) were more than 0.80 in seven out of eight measurements obtained in the NP and 3D-DT, whereas those obtained in the 3D-PT were as low as less than 0.30 by rater 1;the ICCs of all the measurements obtained in all the positions(NP, 3D-DT, and 3D-PT) were more than 0.80 by rater 2. For inter-rater reliability six out of eight NP and 3D-DT measurements had an ICC greater than 0.80, whereas those of 3D-PT measurements were less than 0.30. For intra-method reliability, the ICCs of all the NP measurements were more than 0.87, whereas those of the six 3D-DT measurements and four 3D-PT measurements were more than 0.80.CONCLUSION: Our study results prove that the modified 3D-DT, which involves the use of an eyelid hook, can be a highly reliable method for evaluating LET. Furthermore, this novel and simple method may be utilized as the basis for further investigation and routine pre-and postoperative clinical evaluation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant no.81971850]a grant from the Municipal Science and Technology Bureau of Wenzhou[2018Y0383,2019Y0538].
文摘The cell activity of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)is affected by the intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the level of autophagy.Previous studies reveal that acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)possesses capacities of resisting oxidative stress and regulating autophagy.Activating molecule in Beclin1-regulated autophagy protein 1(AMBRA1)plays a key role in initiating Beclin1-regulated autophagy.In the present study,we discovered ALC pretreatment(1 mM,24 h)significantly increased the activity of ADSCs exposed to H_(2)O_(2)(100μM,2 h)in vitro with improved stemness,and reduced the production of intracellular ROS.In addition,we found for the first time that ALC treatment up-regulated autophagy of ADSCs through strengthening the expressions of Beclin1 and AMBRA1 synchronously,which might be involved in the protective effect of ALC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801364 and 81571354)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M631277)the Huayi Technology Innovation Center for Research Resources(HTIC P01 RR2018001M)。
文摘Dear Editor,Methamphetamine(METH)is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that has severe physical and psychological side-effects,including loss of appetite,hyperactivity,dysphoria,and depression[1].Due to its illegal production,distribution,sale,and possession it has become a worldwide burden.METH is directly toxic to dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurons,resulting in excitotoxicity,oxidative stress,and other processes[2].Research on biomolecules associated with these processes will be useful for identifying potential markers,exploring the mechanism of METH dependence,and even developing prevention and treatment strategies.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2014QN062)
文摘Many eating behaviors form in childhood,and some unhealthy behaviors may persist into adulthood and have potential impacts on people＇s health.This study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral intervention in reducing consumption of Western fast food,sweetened beverages,fried food in preschool children,and changing parents＇ rewarding behaviors that encourage the consumption of the unhealthy foods.The research was a cluster randomized trial of seven kindergartens,involving 1138 children aged 3–6 years and their parents in Beijing,China.Parents and children allocated to the intervention group received two lectures and printed resources,including behavior cards,educational sheets.Children＇s behavior cards,applied with behavior-changing techniques,were used to intervene,and monitor behavior changes over time.Children in the control group just followed their usual health education curriculum in kindergartens.Intervention effects on food consumption behaviors were assessed by examining pre-and post-questionnaires.Of the 1138 children screened at baseline,880（77.3%） were measured at the end of the intervention period.The intervention lasted from March to June in 2010.The results showed that consumption of Western fast food,sweetened beverages,and fried food was decreased among the intervention group（P〈0.001）.Proportions of parents using Western fast food as rewards for their children were decreased（P=0.002）.From March to June 2010,the frequency of each target behavior in children tended to decrease over the intervention period（P〈0.001）.Most parents favored regularly-delivered behavior cards or materials for behavioral intervention.In conclusion,the behavioral intervention encourages the healthier eating behaviors of children and reduces the parents＇ practice of using unhealthy foods as reward.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 81970834 and 81870688)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grants 19441900800).
文摘Orbital fractures generally do not cause eyelid malposition.Studies have shown that mostly eyelid malposition is mainly due to the choice of surgical approaches of orbital fracture repair.Approaches are divided into transcutaneous and transconjunctival ones.The application of orbital fracture approaches depends on fractures’range and the surgeons’preferences.Eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery is not only an aesthetic concern but also a functional complication,which will cause eyes discomfort,such as corneal exposure and ocular irritation.Some patients may have multiple types of eyelid malposition.In this review,we summarized the surgical approaches of orbital fractures and the complications including scar,ectropion,retraction,entropion,flattening,laceration and lacrimal canaliculus avulsion and notch deformity that associated with eyelid,especially the lower eyelid.Reports revealed that the scar usually occurred in infraorbital incisions compared with subtarsal and subciliary incisions,and the transconjunctival approach had a higher incidence of entropion and flattening,and less ectropion than the transcutaneous approach.Meanwhile,pathogenesis of eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery are discussed.Furthermore,to prevent eyelid malposition complications,doctors should choose the appropriate orbital fracture approach according to the patient’s needs,and delicate tissue management,technical expertise,and meticulous hemostasis are necessary.Conservative treatment with taping,lubricating ointment,and steroid for eyelid malposition complications should be performed first,and then surgical intervention when the conservative treatment fails.
基金This study was supported by the Koeln Fortune Program/Faculty of Medicine,University of Cologne,Germany(No.2680148101)the State Scholarship Fund from China Scholarship Council,China(No.201708080141).
文摘Anthropometry can analyze the size,weight,and proportion of the human body objectively and quantitatively to supplement the visual assessment.Various non-invasive three-dimensional(3D)anthropometric techniques have been applied to assess soft tissues’3D morphology in the clinical practice.Among them,non-invasive stereophotogrammetry and laser scanning techniques are becoming increasingly popular in craniofacial surgery and plastic surgery.They have been applied for craniofacial growth estimation and morphometric investigation,genetic and acquired malformation diagnosis,as well as orthodontic or surgical treatment arrangement and outcome evaluation.However,few studies have been published for assessing the 3D morphology of soft tissues in the periorbital region.This paper reviews the studies involving the application and evaluation of the increasingly popular 3D photogrammetry in the periorbital region.These studies proposed detailed and standardized protocols for three-dimensionally assessing linear,curvilinear,angular,as well as volumetric measurements,and verified its high reliability in the periorbital region(even higher than caliper-derived direct measurements).In the future,reliable and accurate 3D imaging techniques,as well as standardized analyzing protocols,may find applications in following up morphological growth,preoperatively diagnosing and assessing patient periorbital conditions,planning surgical procedures,postoperatively evaluating treatment outcomes of a specific procedure,and comparing the differences in surgical results between various procedures,studies,as well as populations.
