Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)is an important cruciferous root vegetable,with bolting regulated by multiple genes.However,the genetic mechanisms underlying bolting regulation remain unclear.Here,the genome of the cultiva...Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)is an important cruciferous root vegetable,with bolting regulated by multiple genes.However,the genetic mechanisms underlying bolting regulation remain unclear.Here,the genome of the cultivar C60213 is assembled into a high-quality,gap-free telomere-to-telomere structure,spanning nine chromosomes and totaling 472.71 Mb,using a combination of Oxford Nanopore,PacBio,and Hi-C sequencing technologies.It identifies 49,768 protein-coding genes,97.38%of which are functionally annotated.Repetitive sequences constitute 59.72%of the genome,primarily comprising long terminal repeats.A high-density genetic linkage map is constructed using an F2 population derived from a cross between early-and late-bolting radishes,identifying seven major quantitative trait loci associated with bolting and flowering.RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR analysis reveal that the RsMIPS3 gene is found to be associated with bolting,with its expression decreasing during this process.Notably,RsMIPS3 overexpression in Arabidopsis delays bolting,confirming its role in regulating bolting time.These findings advance radish genome research and provide a valuable target for breeding late-bolting varieties.展开更多
Nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD98M is widely used in high-temperature components such as aero-engines and gas turbines.Since it has only one crystal grain,the theory of slip deformation along the grain bound...Nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD98M is widely used in high-temperature components such as aero-engines and gas turbines.Since it has only one crystal grain,the theory of slip deformation along the grain boundary of polycrystalline material is not suitable for the machining of a single crystal part.Therefore,micro-drilling of nickel-based single crystal superalloy still faces problems such as unclear cutting formation me-chanism and unclear surface/subsurface damage mechanism.In this paper,the formation mechanism and morphological characteristics of chips and burrs were studied by a single-factor experiment,and the plastic deformation rule and damage mechanism were investigated,combined with the changes of subsurface structure and grain type.Finally,the influence of the law and reason of tool wear condition on the hole wall and the drilled subsurface is analyzed.The experimental results indicate that drill chips mainly exhibit three morphologies.Their free surfaces feature a serrated appearance,while the contact surfaces are smooth.The entrance burrs are mainly flanging burrs.With the increase of spindle speed,the burr height decreases from 49.38 to 9.39μm.As the feed speed increases,the burr height increases from 6.50 to 63.87μm.The drilled subsurface can be divided into a white layer region,a plastic deformation region,and the matrix according to the microstructural change.As the depth from the machined surface increases,the degree of plastic deformation of the material decreases,the grain size gradually reduces,and the dislocation density decreases.Stacking fault and twinning mostly occur in the high-plastic deformation region,and recrystallization occurs on the machined surface.As the drilling length increases,the degree of tool wear increases,and the adhesion and ablation area on the hole wall surface increase.Moreover,the thickness of the white layer increases from 0 to 8.75μm,and the thickness of the plastic deformation layer increases from 1.28 to 11.31μm.The study has significant theoretical and practical implications for the efficient and low-damage machining of micro-holes in the nickel-based single crystal superalloy.展开更多
Objective Previous Mendelian randomization(MR)studies have suggested an association between the gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).However,the reliance on 16S rRNA sequencing data has l...Objective Previous Mendelian randomization(MR)studies have suggested an association between the gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).However,the reliance on 16S rRNA sequencing data has led to inconsistent findings and limited species-level insights.To address this,we conducted a de novo MR analysis using species-level shotgun metagenomic data,combined it with a meta-analysis to consolidate the existing evidence,and explored metabolite-mediated pathways.Methods Bidirectional MR analyses were performed between 883 gut microbiota taxa(derived from shotgun metagenomic genome-wide association study)and MAFLD.Published MR studies(up to December 1,2024)were identified using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library for meta-analysis.Multivariable MR(MVMR)and mediation analyses were applied to assess the mediating effects of 1,400 blood metabolites.Results The de novo MR identified 25 MAFLD-associated microbial taxa.Integration with 7 published studies revealed 34 causal taxa,including 10 at the species level.Among the 1,400 metabolites,53 showed causal links with MAFLD.MVMR and mediation analyses identified deoxycholate as a mediator of the effect of Bifidobacterium on MAFLD risk(22.06%mediation proportion).Conclusion This study elucidated the connections between species-level gut microbiota and MAFLD,highlighting the interplay between microbiota,metabolites,and disease pathogenesis.These findings provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic targets for MAFLD.展开更多
Photoperiod serves as an essential environmental cue that facilitates seasonal acclimatization and thermoregulation in birds.However,its effects on basal and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches(Taeniopygia guttata)r...Photoperiod serves as an essential environmental cue that facilitates seasonal acclimatization and thermoregulation in birds.However,its effects on basal and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches(Taeniopygia guttata)remain unclear.To explore the influence of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches,basal metabolic rate(BMR),body mass,cellular metabolic activities,and substrate metabolism were investigated under different photoperiods.After one week of exposure to a short photoperiod,Zebra Finches exhibited a temporary decrease in BMR,gross energy intake,digestible energy intake,and digestibility,although body mass remained unchanged throughout the experiment.After four weeks of acclimation,no significant differences were observed among different groups in state 4 respiration,cytochrome c oxidase activity,citrate synthase activity,avian uncoupling protein expression,or circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormone levels.In terms of substrate metabolism,short photoperiod-exposed finches showed increased pectoral muscle glycogen content and elevated serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels,accompanied by a decrease in body fat.No differences were detected in serum glucose levels or in the activity and mRNA levels of carnitine palmityltransferase-1 andβ-hydroxyacyl Co-A dehydrogenase.These findings suggest that changes in photoperiod may serve as signals for substrate metabolism remodeling,while having only transient effects on basal metabolism in Zebra Finches.展开更多
Industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations were carried out to investigate the effect of steel cleanliness on the composition of inclusions both in the molten steel and in the solidified steel of Al-killed Ca-tr...Industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations were carried out to investigate the effect of steel cleanliness on the composition of inclusions both in the molten steel and in the solidified steel of Al-killed Ca-treated low-sulfur steels.The composition of inclusions changed significantly at the Ca treatment stage with the modification of Al_(2)O_(3) into calcium aluminate and a slight decrease in the inclusion size and at the casting stage with the transformation of CaO into CaS with an increase in the inclusion size.Based on experimental results and thermodynamic calculations,the Al_(2)O_(3) content in inclusions in the molten steel showed a nearly linear inverse relationship with the total calcium(TCa)/total oxygen(TO)in the steel when TCa/TO<3 and kept less than 10 wt.%under TCa/TO>3.The CaO content in inclusions firstly increased until the TCa/TO reached 1-2 and then slightly decreased with the increase in TCa/TO.The CaS content in inclusions was less than 10 wt.%when TCa/TO<1.5 and increased with the increase in the TCa/TO and total sulfur(TS)content in the steel.After solidification and cooling,the CaO/CaS in inclusions increased with the increase in the TO/TS and TCa contents in the steel;however,the CaO/CaS was less than 1.0 regardless of the TCa content when TO/TS<1.Accordingly,the composition of inclusions after solidification could be adjusted by controlling the cleanliness and calcium content of the steel,thereby adjusting the property of inclusions.展开更多
Background Konjac oligosaccharide(KOS),which is produced through the degradation of konjac glucomannan via enzymatic,chemical,or physical treatments,has been found to have laxative effects.The current study aimed to e...Background Konjac oligosaccharide(KOS),which is produced through the degradation of konjac glucomannan via enzymatic,chemical,or physical treatments,has been found to have laxative effects.The current study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of KOS.Methods KOS was administered by gavage to wild-type and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor(5-HT4R)-knockout C57BL/6 mice subjected to loperamide-induced constipation for four weeks.Following treatment,feces,blood,small intestine,colonic tissue,and intestinal contents were collected.Constipation-related parameters,gastrointestinal hormones,and Ca2+concentrations were evaluated.Histopathological changes were examined via hematoxylin and eosin staining.Immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect the 5-HT4R/cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)pathway.Isolated smooth muscle cells(SMCs)were treated with KOS and GR113808(a 5-HT4R antagonist),morphologically observed under an inverted microscope,and identified byα-SMA immunofluorescence staining.Cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assays.5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway activity in SMCs was detected via Western blotting.Results KOS alleviated loperamide-induced constipation in mice.KOS activated the 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway in loperamide-induced constipated mice.The protective effect of KOS was significantly diminished in 5-HT4R−/−mice.KOS promoted the proliferation of SMCs by activating the 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB signaling pathway.Conclusion KOS improves loperamide-induced constipation by activating the 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB signaling pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early detection of rectal cancer poses significant challenges.Current diagnostic methods,including colonoscopy,imaging techniques,and fecal tests,have limitations such as invasiveness,cost,and varying sensi...BACKGROUND Early detection of rectal cancer poses significant challenges.Current diagnostic methods,including colonoscopy,imaging techniques,and fecal tests,have limitations such as invasiveness,cost,and varying sensitivity.This study evaluated the diagnostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in rectal cancer patients.AIM To investigate the value of a multi-marker approach for the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 250 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between July 2022 and July 2024 was conducted.Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein levels,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 125(CA125),CA19-9,CA15-3,and CA72-4 were analyzed.All blood samples were collected under standardized conditions,including fasting status and proper storage methods,within two weeks before surgery.Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Correlations among clinicopathological features were also evaluated.RESULTS CEA demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance among individual tumor markers with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.78[95%confidence interval(CI):0.73-0.83].However,a combination of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 showed superior performance,achieving an AUC of 0.87(95%CI:0.83-0.91).Significant correlations were observed between CEA levels and several clinicopatho-logical features,including tumor stage(P<0.001),lymph node involvement(P=0.002),and distant metastasis(P<0.001).Furthermore,in a subgroup analysis of patients diagnosed after July 2022,the integration of fecal occult blood testing with the tumor marker panel(CEA+CA19-9+CA72-4)significantly improved diagnostic accuracy,increasing the AUC to 0.91(95%CI:0.86-0.96).CONCLUSION A multimarker approach combining CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 with fecal occult blood testing enhances the preoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer.These findings suggest potential improvements in risk stratification and management of patients with rectal cancer.展开更多
Food is a critical environmental factor that influences animal survival,especially for small passerines due to their high mass-specific metabolic rates.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)reflects the energy expended by endother...Food is a critical environmental factor that influences animal survival,especially for small passerines due to their high mass-specific metabolic rates.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)reflects the energy expended by endothermic animals for basic physiological processes and constitutes a major part of their daily energy budget.Some birds have been shown to employ compensatory mechanisms during food shortages,temporarily reducing these selfmaintenance expenditures without using hypothermia.However,the mechanisms of BMR adjustment remain unexplored.In the present study,we assessed the phenotypic variation in basal thermogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)by comparing a control group to groups fasted for 6,12,18,and 24 h.We focused on the correlation between a reduction in energy metabolism and the alterations of cellular metabolic activities,mitochondrial substrate supply,and changes in serum thyroid hormones during fasting.Our data indicated that fasting groups had significantly lower body mass,BMR,body temperature,and body fat content.Furthermore,fasting groups had significantly lower glycogen levels,mitochondrial state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(CCO)activity in the liver,and CCO activity in pectoral muscle.The levels of avian uncoupling protein(avUCP)m RNA were significantly reduced,while the levels of myostatin protein in pectoral muscle were significantly increased in the fasting groups.Furthermore,the groups subjected to fasting exhibited significantly lower levels of serum glucose,triglyceride,thyroxine(T_(4)),and triiodothyronine(T_(3)).Positive correlations were observed between the following pairs of variables:log BMR and log body mass,log body mass and log body fat,log BMR and log state 4 respiration in the liver,log BMR and log CCO activity in the liver and muscle,log BMR and log av-UCP m RNA expression,whereas a negative correlation was observed between log BMR and log myostatin level.In addition,a positive correlation was also detected between log T_(3) and each of the following:log BMR,state 4 respiration,and log CCO activity in the liver.Our results suggested that decreased metabolic thermogenesis via down-regulation in cellular aerobic capacity of organs and serum thyroid hormones may be an important survival strategy for fasting Tree Sparrows to reduce energy expenditure.展开更多
Fangcang shelter hospitals are modular,rapidly deployable facilities that play a vital role in pandemic response by providing centralized isolation and basic medical care for large patient populations.Artificial intel...Fangcang shelter hospitals are modular,rapidly deployable facilities that play a vital role in pandemic response by providing centralized isolation and basic medical care for large patient populations.Artificial intelligence(AI)has the potential to transform Fangcang shelter hospitals into intelligent,responsive systems that are capable of significantly improving emergency preparedness,operational efficiency,and patient outcomes.Key application areas include site selection and design optimization,clinical decision support,AI-assisted clinical documentation and patient engagement,intelligent robotics,and operational management.However,realizing AI's full potential requires overcoming several challenges,including limited data accessibility,privacy and governance concerns,inadequate algorithmic adaptability in dynamic emergency settings,insufficient transparency and accountability in AI-driven decisions,fragmented system architectures due to proprietary formats,high costs disproportionate to the temporary nature of Fangcang shelter hospitals,and hardware reliability in austere environments.Addressing these challenges demands standardized data-sharing frameworks,development of explainable and robust AI algorithms,clear ethical and legal oversight,interoperable modular system designs,and active collaboration among multidisciplinary stakeholders.展开更多
Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and remains a major global health issue^([1]).Annually,approximately 479,000individuals in China are diagnosed with gastric cancer,accounting for a...Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and remains a major global health issue^([1]).Annually,approximately 479,000individuals in China are diagnosed with gastric cancer,accounting for almost 45%of all new cases worldwide^([2]).展开更多
Microwave ablation(MWA)is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablatio...Microwave ablation(MWA)is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation and highlights its clinical efficacy,safety,and technical considerations.MWA offers significant benefits,including higher intratumoral temperatures,larger ablation zones,and reduced susceptibility to the heat-sink effect,which make it particularly suitable for tumors near large blood vessels.This review details the patient selection criteria,procedural approaches,and the use of advanced imaging techniques to improve the precision and effectiveness of MWA.Clinical outcomes indicate that MWA achieves high rates of complete tumor ablation and long-term survival with a favorable safety profile.This review is significant because it provides updated insights into the expanding role of MWA in treating unresectable CRLM and its potential as an alternative to surgical resection for resectable tumors.By summarizing recent studies and clinical trials,this review highlights the comparative effectiveness,safety,and integration with systemic therapies of MWA.In conclusion,MWA is a promising treatment option for CRLM and offers outcomes comparable to or better than those of other ablative techniques.Future research should focus on optimizing technical parameters,integrating MWA with systemic therapies,and conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish standardized treatment protocols.Advancing our understanding of MWA will enhance its application and improve long-term survival and quality of life for patients with CRLM.展开更多
The new generation of gravity measurement satellites will use high-precision inter-satellite laser interferometry technology to measure the gravity field.The heat flow outside the satellite's orbit will act on the...The new generation of gravity measurement satellites will use high-precision inter-satellite laser interferometry technology to measure the gravity field.The heat flow outside the satellite's orbit will act on the optical bench(OB)through laser emission and reception apertures and introduce the temperature noise of the measurement signal.Based on modeling the orbital thermal environment at the incoming aperture and outgoing aperture of the laser designed on the spacecraft front panel,baffles are designed to reduce the heat flow from the apertures into the optical measurement system.The temperature noise of the optical bench caused by space radiation during on-orbit operation was analyzed using finite element simulation software.For the current design of the baffles,the temperature noise of the optical bench is lower than 0.1 K/Hz1/2@1 mHz when the direct solar radiation enters the apertures;when the apertures are in the light-blocking environment,the temperature noise of the optical bench is lower than 0.1 mK/Hz1/2@1 mHz,which meets the temperature noise requirement of a laser interferometer.The baffles are designed to achieve a stable shading period of up to 4 months in a year to facilitate the satellite to carry out ranging work.展开更多
Objective:The varying environmental exposure to iodine has long been a topic of interest,particularly given the noticeable increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)compared to other histopathologic...Objective:The varying environmental exposure to iodine has long been a topic of interest,particularly given the noticeable increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)compared to other histopathological subtypes globally.This rise in thyroid cancer incidence has been attributed to several factors,including improved detection of early tumors,a higher prevalence of modifiable individual risk factors,and differing exposure to environmental risk factors such as iodine levels.This study aims to explore the epigenetic mechanisms that promote thyroid cancer progression under excess iodine exposure.Materials and methods:This study outlines the following strategy:(i)risk factors were identified through statistical analysis of questionnaire responses in a retrospective iatrogenic study;(ii)following the identification of risk factors,RNA sequencing was performed using tissues from iodine-adequate(IA)and iodine-excess(IE)regions;(iii)candidate hub genes were selected via bioinformatics analysis;(iv)molecular biological techniques were employed to verify the functionality of the key gene.Results:Through careful selection,we focused on SPSB4,a ubiquitin ligase previously unreported in relation to both iodine and thyroid cancer.By optimizing the dosage of PTC cell line activities,we determined how varying iodine levels can either enhance or impair the vitality of thyroid cancer cells.As anticipated,migration and invasion assays revealed significant changes when SPSB4 function was disrupted at the critical dose of KIO3.Conclusion:In terms of epigenetic alterations,SPSB4 emerges as a promising candidate for further investigation,particularly in understanding thyroid cancer progression and potential carcinogenesis.Moreover,E3 ubiquitin ligases,including SPSB4,play a role in orchestrating adipose thermogenesis to maintain body temperature during cold stimuli.This study could also shed light on the influence of iodine on thermogenesis mediated by SPSB4 under cold conditions,while suggesting future exploration of SPSB4's effects on thyroid cancer in colder regions.展开更多
Fiber-based strain sensors have emerged as revolutionary components in flexible electronics owing to their intrinsic compliance and textile compatibility,particularly in human-centric applications ranging from health ...Fiber-based strain sensors have emerged as revolutionary components in flexible electronics owing to their intrinsic compliance and textile compatibility,particularly in human-centric applications ranging from health diagnostics to motion tracking.While substantial progress has been achieved,a critical challenge persists in reconciling the contradictory demands of ultrahigh sensitivity and stable signal transmission through rational structural design.Herein,we develop dual-structure silver(Ag)/polyurethane(PU)fiber-based strain sensors(Ag@PU_(x))via an integrated wet spinning and interfacial metal ion deposition(IMID)strategy.Notably,we propose a mechanical pre-stretching strategy that enables precise regulation of strain sensitivity and sensing range through controlled substrate deformation.Systematic characterization reveals that pre-stretched PU fibers form ordered microscale conductive networks,exhibiting exceptional electrical stability(conductivity(σ)=1.9×105 S·m^(-1);the change in resistance value under external tensile force(ΔR)/the initial resistance of the sensor(R_(0))<0.03 under 360°torsional deformation)with a high quality factor(Q)of 10.1 at 50%strain.In contrast,non-prestretched counterparts develop microcrack-dominated architectures,achieving a high sensitivity(gauge factor(GF)=7.7)through strain-induced crack propagation and a fracture strain exceeding 660%.A systematic investigation elucidates the underlying mechanisms behind these distinct sensing performances.The Ag@PU_(x)fiber-based electronics are capable of adapting to various tasks including human motion monitoring,voice recognition,and gesture recognition.Importantly,we developed the Ag@PU_(x)fiber-based electronics to monitor motion states while stably transmitting electrical signals.Ultimately,the Ag@PU_(x)show great promise in applications such as motion monitoring,waist rehabilitation,thermal management,electromagnetic shielding,and antibacterial deodorization.展开更多
Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapi...Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.展开更多
Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine source.The reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,fol...Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine source.The reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,followed by the fluorination of the resulting C-centered radical intermediates.The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope,thus opening up a new entrance to the synthesis of fluorinated constructs includingα-fluoroimides and 1-fluoroalkyl benzoates as well as secondary and tertiary alkyl fluorides like versatile 2-fluoro-2-alkyl 1,3-propandiol derivatives.The divergent functionalization of the obtainedα-fluoroimides enables an efficient access to amine derivatives through C-F bond activation under the action of BF_(3)·OEt_(2).展开更多
Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN) is an efficient,low-energy and environmentally friendly phase-free separation process.Obviously,the core of OSN lies in the fabrication of solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes...Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN) is an efficient,low-energy and environmentally friendly phase-free separation process.Obviously,the core of OSN lies in the fabrication of solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes.Although membrane materials reported in the literature such as 2D membranes,porous organic cages,etc.have the potential for ultra-high performance,polymeric membranes provide key advantages in mass production and processability.Therefore,this review focuses on polymeric materials for OSN.This review summarizes the recent progress of polymeric materials,including emerging and traditional polymeric membranes.Then,a summary of recent progress about strategies developed for perm-selective nanofilms are presented,followed by a brief overview of commercial membrane technology for OSN.Finally,major challenges of OSN and future research directions are presented.Close interaction between the academic research and practical application would help improve greener and more sustainable manufacturing processes.展开更多
Exploring the intrinsic reasons for the dynamic reconstruction of catalysts during electrocatalytic reactions and their impact on activity enhancement still face severe challenges. Herein, the bifunctional catalyst Ru...Exploring the intrinsic reasons for the dynamic reconstruction of catalysts during electrocatalytic reactions and their impact on activity enhancement still face severe challenges. Herein, the bifunctional catalyst Ru/V-Co O/CP with doping strategy and heterostructure was synthesized for overall water splitting.The Ru/V-Co O exhibits excellent activity for HER and OER with low overpotentials of 49, 147 m V at a current density of 10 m A/cm^(2) in 1.0 mol/L KOH, respectively. The assembled electrolytic cell just needs voltages of 1.47 and 1.71 V to achieve 10 and 350 m A/cm^(2)current density under the same conditions and delivers an outstanding stability for over 100 h, which is far superior to the commercial Ru O_(2)||Pt/C cell. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the doping of V species and the formation of heterostructures lead to charge redistribution. More importantly, the leaching of V species induces electron transfer form Co to O and then Ru through the Co-O-Ru electron bridge, optimizes the adsorption strength of the key intermediate, thereby reducing the free energy barrier of the rate-determining step and improving catalytic activity. This work proposes an effective strategy of using cation dissolution to induce electron transfer through the electron bridge and thus regulate the electronic structure of catalysts,providing new ideas for the design and development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20494)the 1+9 Open Competition Project of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1+9KJGGo02)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA130670O)the“5+1”Agricultural Frontier Technology Research Initiative of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(5+1QYGG003)the Project of Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables(2023PZSC0303)the 14th Five-Year Plan Vegetable Breeding Project of Sichuan Province(2021YFYZ0022)the Experts of Sichuan Vegetable Innovation Team(SCCXTD-2025-05).
文摘Radish(Raphanus sativus L.)is an important cruciferous root vegetable,with bolting regulated by multiple genes.However,the genetic mechanisms underlying bolting regulation remain unclear.Here,the genome of the cultivar C60213 is assembled into a high-quality,gap-free telomere-to-telomere structure,spanning nine chromosomes and totaling 472.71 Mb,using a combination of Oxford Nanopore,PacBio,and Hi-C sequencing technologies.It identifies 49,768 protein-coding genes,97.38%of which are functionally annotated.Repetitive sequences constitute 59.72%of the genome,primarily comprising long terminal repeats.A high-density genetic linkage map is constructed using an F2 population derived from a cross between early-and late-bolting radishes,identifying seven major quantitative trait loci associated with bolting and flowering.RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR analysis reveal that the RsMIPS3 gene is found to be associated with bolting,with its expression decreasing during this process.Notably,RsMIPS3 overexpression in Arabidopsis delays bolting,confirming its role in regulating bolting time.These findings advance radish genome research and provide a valuable target for breeding late-bolting varieties.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52475433,52305453)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.E2022501004)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2023GFYD002)Shijiazhuang Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.241790747A).
文摘Nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD98M is widely used in high-temperature components such as aero-engines and gas turbines.Since it has only one crystal grain,the theory of slip deformation along the grain boundary of polycrystalline material is not suitable for the machining of a single crystal part.Therefore,micro-drilling of nickel-based single crystal superalloy still faces problems such as unclear cutting formation me-chanism and unclear surface/subsurface damage mechanism.In this paper,the formation mechanism and morphological characteristics of chips and burrs were studied by a single-factor experiment,and the plastic deformation rule and damage mechanism were investigated,combined with the changes of subsurface structure and grain type.Finally,the influence of the law and reason of tool wear condition on the hole wall and the drilled subsurface is analyzed.The experimental results indicate that drill chips mainly exhibit three morphologies.Their free surfaces feature a serrated appearance,while the contact surfaces are smooth.The entrance burrs are mainly flanging burrs.With the increase of spindle speed,the burr height decreases from 49.38 to 9.39μm.As the feed speed increases,the burr height increases from 6.50 to 63.87μm.The drilled subsurface can be divided into a white layer region,a plastic deformation region,and the matrix according to the microstructural change.As the depth from the machined surface increases,the degree of plastic deformation of the material decreases,the grain size gradually reduces,and the dislocation density decreases.Stacking fault and twinning mostly occur in the high-plastic deformation region,and recrystallization occurs on the machined surface.As the drilling length increases,the degree of tool wear increases,and the adhesion and ablation area on the hole wall surface increase.Moreover,the thickness of the white layer increases from 0 to 8.75μm,and the thickness of the plastic deformation layer increases from 1.28 to 11.31μm.The study has significant theoretical and practical implications for the efficient and low-damage machining of micro-holes in the nickel-based single crystal superalloy.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82270924)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2021-I2M-1-016)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-014,2025-PUMCH-C-041).
文摘Objective Previous Mendelian randomization(MR)studies have suggested an association between the gut microbiome and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).However,the reliance on 16S rRNA sequencing data has led to inconsistent findings and limited species-level insights.To address this,we conducted a de novo MR analysis using species-level shotgun metagenomic data,combined it with a meta-analysis to consolidate the existing evidence,and explored metabolite-mediated pathways.Methods Bidirectional MR analyses were performed between 883 gut microbiota taxa(derived from shotgun metagenomic genome-wide association study)and MAFLD.Published MR studies(up to December 1,2024)were identified using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library for meta-analysis.Multivariable MR(MVMR)and mediation analyses were applied to assess the mediating effects of 1,400 blood metabolites.Results The de novo MR identified 25 MAFLD-associated microbial taxa.Integration with 7 published studies revealed 34 causal taxa,including 10 at the species level.Among the 1,400 metabolites,53 showed causal links with MAFLD.MVMR and mediation analyses identified deoxycholate as a mediator of the effect of Bifidobacterium on MAFLD risk(22.06%mediation proportion).Conclusion This study elucidated the connections between species-level gut microbiota and MAFLD,highlighting the interplay between microbiota,metabolites,and disease pathogenesis.These findings provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic targets for MAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32371573 and 32171497)。
文摘Photoperiod serves as an essential environmental cue that facilitates seasonal acclimatization and thermoregulation in birds.However,its effects on basal and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches(Taeniopygia guttata)remain unclear.To explore the influence of photoperiod on basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in Zebra Finches,basal metabolic rate(BMR),body mass,cellular metabolic activities,and substrate metabolism were investigated under different photoperiods.After one week of exposure to a short photoperiod,Zebra Finches exhibited a temporary decrease in BMR,gross energy intake,digestible energy intake,and digestibility,although body mass remained unchanged throughout the experiment.After four weeks of acclimation,no significant differences were observed among different groups in state 4 respiration,cytochrome c oxidase activity,citrate synthase activity,avian uncoupling protein expression,or circulating triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormone levels.In terms of substrate metabolism,short photoperiod-exposed finches showed increased pectoral muscle glycogen content and elevated serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels,accompanied by a decrease in body fat.No differences were detected in serum glucose levels or in the activity and mRNA levels of carnitine palmityltransferase-1 andβ-hydroxyacyl Co-A dehydrogenase.These findings suggest that changes in photoperiod may serve as signals for substrate metabolism remodeling,while having only transient effects on basal metabolism in Zebra Finches.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2023YFB3506802 and 2023YFB3709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174293 and U22A20171)+1 种基金and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.FRF-BD-20-04A)the High Steel Center(HSC)at North China University of Technology and University of Science and Technology Beijing.
文摘Industrial trials and thermodynamic calculations were carried out to investigate the effect of steel cleanliness on the composition of inclusions both in the molten steel and in the solidified steel of Al-killed Ca-treated low-sulfur steels.The composition of inclusions changed significantly at the Ca treatment stage with the modification of Al_(2)O_(3) into calcium aluminate and a slight decrease in the inclusion size and at the casting stage with the transformation of CaO into CaS with an increase in the inclusion size.Based on experimental results and thermodynamic calculations,the Al_(2)O_(3) content in inclusions in the molten steel showed a nearly linear inverse relationship with the total calcium(TCa)/total oxygen(TO)in the steel when TCa/TO<3 and kept less than 10 wt.%under TCa/TO>3.The CaO content in inclusions firstly increased until the TCa/TO reached 1-2 and then slightly decreased with the increase in TCa/TO.The CaS content in inclusions was less than 10 wt.%when TCa/TO<1.5 and increased with the increase in the TCa/TO and total sulfur(TS)content in the steel.After solidification and cooling,the CaO/CaS in inclusions increased with the increase in the TO/TS and TCa contents in the steel;however,the CaO/CaS was less than 1.0 regardless of the TCa content when TO/TS<1.Accordingly,the composition of inclusions after solidification could be adjusted by controlling the cleanliness and calcium content of the steel,thereby adjusting the property of inclusions.
文摘Background Konjac oligosaccharide(KOS),which is produced through the degradation of konjac glucomannan via enzymatic,chemical,or physical treatments,has been found to have laxative effects.The current study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of KOS.Methods KOS was administered by gavage to wild-type and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor(5-HT4R)-knockout C57BL/6 mice subjected to loperamide-induced constipation for four weeks.Following treatment,feces,blood,small intestine,colonic tissue,and intestinal contents were collected.Constipation-related parameters,gastrointestinal hormones,and Ca2+concentrations were evaluated.Histopathological changes were examined via hematoxylin and eosin staining.Immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect the 5-HT4R/cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)pathway.Isolated smooth muscle cells(SMCs)were treated with KOS and GR113808(a 5-HT4R antagonist),morphologically observed under an inverted microscope,and identified byα-SMA immunofluorescence staining.Cell viability was assessed via CCK-8 assays.5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway activity in SMCs was detected via Western blotting.Results KOS alleviated loperamide-induced constipation in mice.KOS activated the 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway in loperamide-induced constipated mice.The protective effect of KOS was significantly diminished in 5-HT4R−/−mice.KOS promoted the proliferation of SMCs by activating the 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB signaling pathway.Conclusion KOS improves loperamide-induced constipation by activating the 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB signaling pathway.
文摘BACKGROUND Early detection of rectal cancer poses significant challenges.Current diagnostic methods,including colonoscopy,imaging techniques,and fecal tests,have limitations such as invasiveness,cost,and varying sensitivity.This study evaluated the diagnostic value of preoperative serum tumor markers in rectal cancer patients.AIM To investigate the value of a multi-marker approach for the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 250 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between July 2022 and July 2024 was conducted.Preoperative alpha-fetoprotein levels,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen 125(CA125),CA19-9,CA15-3,and CA72-4 were analyzed.All blood samples were collected under standardized conditions,including fasting status and proper storage methods,within two weeks before surgery.Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Correlations among clinicopathological features were also evaluated.RESULTS CEA demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance among individual tumor markers with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.78[95%confidence interval(CI):0.73-0.83].However,a combination of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 showed superior performance,achieving an AUC of 0.87(95%CI:0.83-0.91).Significant correlations were observed between CEA levels and several clinicopatho-logical features,including tumor stage(P<0.001),lymph node involvement(P=0.002),and distant metastasis(P<0.001).Furthermore,in a subgroup analysis of patients diagnosed after July 2022,the integration of fecal occult blood testing with the tumor marker panel(CEA+CA19-9+CA72-4)significantly improved diagnostic accuracy,increasing the AUC to 0.91(95%CI:0.86-0.96).CONCLUSION A multimarker approach combining CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 with fecal occult blood testing enhances the preoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer.These findings suggest potential improvements in risk stratification and management of patients with rectal cancer.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.32371573,32171497,and 31971420)。
文摘Food is a critical environmental factor that influences animal survival,especially for small passerines due to their high mass-specific metabolic rates.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)reflects the energy expended by endothermic animals for basic physiological processes and constitutes a major part of their daily energy budget.Some birds have been shown to employ compensatory mechanisms during food shortages,temporarily reducing these selfmaintenance expenditures without using hypothermia.However,the mechanisms of BMR adjustment remain unexplored.In the present study,we assessed the phenotypic variation in basal thermogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)by comparing a control group to groups fasted for 6,12,18,and 24 h.We focused on the correlation between a reduction in energy metabolism and the alterations of cellular metabolic activities,mitochondrial substrate supply,and changes in serum thyroid hormones during fasting.Our data indicated that fasting groups had significantly lower body mass,BMR,body temperature,and body fat content.Furthermore,fasting groups had significantly lower glycogen levels,mitochondrial state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(CCO)activity in the liver,and CCO activity in pectoral muscle.The levels of avian uncoupling protein(avUCP)m RNA were significantly reduced,while the levels of myostatin protein in pectoral muscle were significantly increased in the fasting groups.Furthermore,the groups subjected to fasting exhibited significantly lower levels of serum glucose,triglyceride,thyroxine(T_(4)),and triiodothyronine(T_(3)).Positive correlations were observed between the following pairs of variables:log BMR and log body mass,log body mass and log body fat,log BMR and log state 4 respiration in the liver,log BMR and log CCO activity in the liver and muscle,log BMR and log av-UCP m RNA expression,whereas a negative correlation was observed between log BMR and log myostatin level.In addition,a positive correlation was also detected between log T_(3) and each of the following:log BMR,state 4 respiration,and log CCO activity in the liver.Our results suggested that decreased metabolic thermogenesis via down-regulation in cellular aerobic capacity of organs and serum thyroid hormones may be an important survival strategy for fasting Tree Sparrows to reduce energy expenditure.
文摘Fangcang shelter hospitals are modular,rapidly deployable facilities that play a vital role in pandemic response by providing centralized isolation and basic medical care for large patient populations.Artificial intelligence(AI)has the potential to transform Fangcang shelter hospitals into intelligent,responsive systems that are capable of significantly improving emergency preparedness,operational efficiency,and patient outcomes.Key application areas include site selection and design optimization,clinical decision support,AI-assisted clinical documentation and patient engagement,intelligent robotics,and operational management.However,realizing AI's full potential requires overcoming several challenges,including limited data accessibility,privacy and governance concerns,inadequate algorithmic adaptability in dynamic emergency settings,insufficient transparency and accountability in AI-driven decisions,fragmented system architectures due to proprietary formats,high costs disproportionate to the temporary nature of Fangcang shelter hospitals,and hardware reliability in austere environments.Addressing these challenges demands standardized data-sharing frameworks,development of explainable and robust AI algorithms,clear ethical and legal oversight,interoperable modular system designs,and active collaboration among multidisciplinary stakeholders.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1463600)Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission Research Project(PW2021A-69)Research Project of Clinical Research Center of Shanghai Health Medical University(22MC2022002)。
文摘Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and remains a major global health issue^([1]).Annually,approximately 479,000individuals in China are diagnosed with gastric cancer,accounting for almost 45%of all new cases worldwide^([2]).
基金Supported by the Joint Medical Scientific Research Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Committee and Chongqing Health Committee,No.2021MSXM308.
文摘Microwave ablation(MWA)is emerging as a highly effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs).This review explores the advantages of MWA compared to other ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation and highlights its clinical efficacy,safety,and technical considerations.MWA offers significant benefits,including higher intratumoral temperatures,larger ablation zones,and reduced susceptibility to the heat-sink effect,which make it particularly suitable for tumors near large blood vessels.This review details the patient selection criteria,procedural approaches,and the use of advanced imaging techniques to improve the precision and effectiveness of MWA.Clinical outcomes indicate that MWA achieves high rates of complete tumor ablation and long-term survival with a favorable safety profile.This review is significant because it provides updated insights into the expanding role of MWA in treating unresectable CRLM and its potential as an alternative to surgical resection for resectable tumors.By summarizing recent studies and clinical trials,this review highlights the comparative effectiveness,safety,and integration with systemic therapies of MWA.In conclusion,MWA is a promising treatment option for CRLM and offers outcomes comparable to or better than those of other ablative techniques.Future research should focus on optimizing technical parameters,integrating MWA with systemic therapies,and conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials to establish standardized treatment protocols.Advancing our understanding of MWA will enhance its application and improve long-term survival and quality of life for patients with CRLM.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program (2022YFC2204001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12005310)
文摘The new generation of gravity measurement satellites will use high-precision inter-satellite laser interferometry technology to measure the gravity field.The heat flow outside the satellite's orbit will act on the optical bench(OB)through laser emission and reception apertures and introduce the temperature noise of the measurement signal.Based on modeling the orbital thermal environment at the incoming aperture and outgoing aperture of the laser designed on the spacecraft front panel,baffles are designed to reduce the heat flow from the apertures into the optical measurement system.The temperature noise of the optical bench caused by space radiation during on-orbit operation was analyzed using finite element simulation software.For the current design of the baffles,the temperature noise of the optical bench is lower than 0.1 K/Hz1/2@1 mHz when the direct solar radiation enters the apertures;when the apertures are in the light-blocking environment,the temperature noise of the optical bench is lower than 0.1 mK/Hz1/2@1 mHz,which meets the temperature noise requirement of a laser interferometer.The baffles are designed to achieve a stable shading period of up to 4 months in a year to facilitate the satellite to carry out ranging work.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8183000355)。
文摘Objective:The varying environmental exposure to iodine has long been a topic of interest,particularly given the noticeable increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)compared to other histopathological subtypes globally.This rise in thyroid cancer incidence has been attributed to several factors,including improved detection of early tumors,a higher prevalence of modifiable individual risk factors,and differing exposure to environmental risk factors such as iodine levels.This study aims to explore the epigenetic mechanisms that promote thyroid cancer progression under excess iodine exposure.Materials and methods:This study outlines the following strategy:(i)risk factors were identified through statistical analysis of questionnaire responses in a retrospective iatrogenic study;(ii)following the identification of risk factors,RNA sequencing was performed using tissues from iodine-adequate(IA)and iodine-excess(IE)regions;(iii)candidate hub genes were selected via bioinformatics analysis;(iv)molecular biological techniques were employed to verify the functionality of the key gene.Results:Through careful selection,we focused on SPSB4,a ubiquitin ligase previously unreported in relation to both iodine and thyroid cancer.By optimizing the dosage of PTC cell line activities,we determined how varying iodine levels can either enhance or impair the vitality of thyroid cancer cells.As anticipated,migration and invasion assays revealed significant changes when SPSB4 function was disrupted at the critical dose of KIO3.Conclusion:In terms of epigenetic alterations,SPSB4 emerges as a promising candidate for further investigation,particularly in understanding thyroid cancer progression and potential carcinogenesis.Moreover,E3 ubiquitin ligases,including SPSB4,play a role in orchestrating adipose thermogenesis to maintain body temperature during cold stimuli.This study could also shed light on the influence of iodine on thermogenesis mediated by SPSB4 under cold conditions,while suggesting future exploration of SPSB4's effects on thyroid cancer in colder regions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3805802)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2024CXGC010411)+11 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473307,22208178,and 62301290)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province in China(tsqn202211116)the Shandong Provincial Universities Youth Innovation Technology Plan Team(2023KJ223)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2023YQ037,ZR2023QE043,ZR2022QE174,and ZR2024ME012)the Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium sized Enterprise Innovation Ability Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0344 and 2023TSGC1006)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(23-2-1-249-zyyd-jch and 24-4-4-zrjj-56-jch)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M761560)the Anhui Province Postdoctoral Researcher Research Activity Funding Project(2023B706)the Qingdao Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Projects(23-1-7-zdfn-2-hz)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Funding Project(QDBSH20240201011)the Suqian Key Research and Development Plan(H202310)the Systems Science Plus Joint Research Program of Qingdao University(XT2024202).
文摘Fiber-based strain sensors have emerged as revolutionary components in flexible electronics owing to their intrinsic compliance and textile compatibility,particularly in human-centric applications ranging from health diagnostics to motion tracking.While substantial progress has been achieved,a critical challenge persists in reconciling the contradictory demands of ultrahigh sensitivity and stable signal transmission through rational structural design.Herein,we develop dual-structure silver(Ag)/polyurethane(PU)fiber-based strain sensors(Ag@PU_(x))via an integrated wet spinning and interfacial metal ion deposition(IMID)strategy.Notably,we propose a mechanical pre-stretching strategy that enables precise regulation of strain sensitivity and sensing range through controlled substrate deformation.Systematic characterization reveals that pre-stretched PU fibers form ordered microscale conductive networks,exhibiting exceptional electrical stability(conductivity(σ)=1.9×105 S·m^(-1);the change in resistance value under external tensile force(ΔR)/the initial resistance of the sensor(R_(0))<0.03 under 360°torsional deformation)with a high quality factor(Q)of 10.1 at 50%strain.In contrast,non-prestretched counterparts develop microcrack-dominated architectures,achieving a high sensitivity(gauge factor(GF)=7.7)through strain-induced crack propagation and a fracture strain exceeding 660%.A systematic investigation elucidates the underlying mechanisms behind these distinct sensing performances.The Ag@PU_(x)fiber-based electronics are capable of adapting to various tasks including human motion monitoring,voice recognition,and gesture recognition.Importantly,we developed the Ag@PU_(x)fiber-based electronics to monitor motion states while stably transmitting electrical signals.Ultimately,the Ag@PU_(x)show great promise in applications such as motion monitoring,waist rehabilitation,thermal management,electromagnetic shielding,and antibacterial deodorization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52025132,U24A20205,52303373,21621091,22021001,and 22121001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M763174)+2 种基金the 111 Project(Nos.B17027,B16029)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prize。
文摘Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.
基金financial support from the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2022QNLM030003-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21977088)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund(No.U1906213)。
文摘Ag_(2)CO_(3)-promoted dehydroxymethylative fluorination of aliphatic alcohols has been achieved with Selectfluor as both oxidant and fluorine source.The reaction involvesβ-fragmentation of primary alkoxy radicals,followed by the fluorination of the resulting C-centered radical intermediates.The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope,thus opening up a new entrance to the synthesis of fluorinated constructs includingα-fluoroimides and 1-fluoroalkyl benzoates as well as secondary and tertiary alkyl fluorides like versatile 2-fluoro-2-alkyl 1,3-propandiol derivatives.The divergent functionalization of the obtainedα-fluoroimides enables an efficient access to amine derivatives through C-F bond activation under the action of BF_(3)·OEt_(2).
基金Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(2022010801010321)Wuhan Limo Technology Limited Company(2022420111000256)。
文摘Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN) is an efficient,low-energy and environmentally friendly phase-free separation process.Obviously,the core of OSN lies in the fabrication of solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes.Although membrane materials reported in the literature such as 2D membranes,porous organic cages,etc.have the potential for ultra-high performance,polymeric membranes provide key advantages in mass production and processability.Therefore,this review focuses on polymeric materials for OSN.This review summarizes the recent progress of polymeric materials,including emerging and traditional polymeric membranes.Then,a summary of recent progress about strategies developed for perm-selective nanofilms are presented,followed by a brief overview of commercial membrane technology for OSN.Finally,major challenges of OSN and future research directions are presented.Close interaction between the academic research and practical application would help improve greener and more sustainable manufacturing processes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22006120)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. SWU-XDJH202314)+1 种基金the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing (No. CXTDX201601011)Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. cstc2018jcyj AX0625)。
文摘Exploring the intrinsic reasons for the dynamic reconstruction of catalysts during electrocatalytic reactions and their impact on activity enhancement still face severe challenges. Herein, the bifunctional catalyst Ru/V-Co O/CP with doping strategy and heterostructure was synthesized for overall water splitting.The Ru/V-Co O exhibits excellent activity for HER and OER with low overpotentials of 49, 147 m V at a current density of 10 m A/cm^(2) in 1.0 mol/L KOH, respectively. The assembled electrolytic cell just needs voltages of 1.47 and 1.71 V to achieve 10 and 350 m A/cm^(2)current density under the same conditions and delivers an outstanding stability for over 100 h, which is far superior to the commercial Ru O_(2)||Pt/C cell. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the doping of V species and the formation of heterostructures lead to charge redistribution. More importantly, the leaching of V species induces electron transfer form Co to O and then Ru through the Co-O-Ru electron bridge, optimizes the adsorption strength of the key intermediate, thereby reducing the free energy barrier of the rate-determining step and improving catalytic activity. This work proposes an effective strategy of using cation dissolution to induce electron transfer through the electron bridge and thus regulate the electronic structure of catalysts,providing new ideas for the design and development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts.
