While the relation between shyness and problematic social media use(PSMU)among adolescents has been established,the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unexplored.The present...While the relation between shyness and problematic social media use(PSMU)among adolescents has been established,the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unexplored.The present study examined whether psychological insecurity mediated the association between shyness and adolescents’PSMU and whether this mediation was moderated by relational-interdependent self-construal(RISC).A total of 1506 Chinese adolescents(Mage=13.74 years,SD=0.98)filled out self-report measures of shyness,psychological insecurity,RISC,and PSMU.SPSS(version 23.0)and the PROCESS macro(version 4.1)were employed to test the proposed model.Mediation analyses indicated that psychological insecurity mediated the association between shyness and adolescent PSMU.Furthermore,moderated mediation tests revealed that RISC moderated thefirst half of the mediation path,whereby RISC ameliorated the detrimental effects of shyness on psychological insecurity,consequently reducing the risk of PSMU.The present study provides further evidence on the mediating and moderating mechanisms between shyness and PSMU,which has important implications for the prevention and intervention of PSMU.For adolescents who exhibited pronounced shyness and low levels of RISC,a promising strategy for mitigating their PSMU would be interventions designed to cultivate social skills,alleviate psychological insecurity,and enhance their RISC.展开更多
Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,th...Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,the Mathieu equation plays the most fundamental role for us to understand the stability and instability of a single ion.In this work,we investigate the dynamics of trapped ions with the Coulomb interaction based on the Hamiltonian equation.We show that the many-body interaction will not influence the phase diagram for instability.Then,the dynamics of this model in the large damping limit will also be analytically calculated using few trapped ions.Furthermore,we find that in the presence of modulation,synchronization dynamics can be observed,showing an exchange of velocities between distant ions on the left side and on the right side of the trap.These dynamics resemble that of the exchange of velocities in Newton's cradle for the collision of balls at the same time.These dynamics are independent of their initial conditions and the number of ions.As a unique feature of the interacting Mathieu equation,we hope this behavior,which leads to a quasi-periodic solution,can be measured in current experimental systems.Finally,we have also discussed the effect of anharmonic trapping potential,showing the desynchronization during the collision process.It is hoped that the dynamics in this many-body Mathieu equation with damping may find applications in quantum simulations.This model may also find interesting applications in dynamics systems as a pure mathematical problem,which may be beyond the results in the Floquet theorem.展开更多
While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medi...While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.展开更多
Glycerol is one of the most important biomass-based platform molecules,massively produced as a by-product in the biodiesel industry.Its high purification cost from the crude glycerol raw material limits its applicatio...Glycerol is one of the most important biomass-based platform molecules,massively produced as a by-product in the biodiesel industry.Its high purification cost from the crude glycerol raw material limits its application and demands new strategies for valorization.Compared to the conventional thermocatalytic strategies,the electrocatalytic strategies can not only enable the selective conversion at mild conditions but also pair up the cathodic reactions for the co-production with higher efficiencies.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of catalyst designs and mechanistic understandings for the electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation(GOR),and aim to provide an overview of the GOR process and the intrinsic structural-activity correlation for inspiring future work in this field.The review is dissected into three sections.We will first introduce the recent efforts of designing more efficient and selective catalysts for GOR,especially toward the production of value-added products.Then,we will summarize the current understandings about the reaction network based on the ex-situ and in-situ spectroscopic studies as well as the theoretical works.Lastly,we will select some representative examples of creating real electrochemical devices for the valorization of glycerol.By summarizing these previous efforts,we will provide our vision of future directions in the field of GOR toward real applications.展开更多
Room temperature ferroelectric thin films are the key element of high-density nonvolatile memories in modern electronics. However, with the further miniaturization of the electronic devices beyond the Moore’s law, co...Room temperature ferroelectric thin films are the key element of high-density nonvolatile memories in modern electronics. However, with the further miniaturization of the electronic devices beyond the Moore’s law, conventional ferroelectrics suffer great challenge arising from the critical thickness effect, where the ferroelectricity is unstable if the film thickness is reduced to nanometer or single atomic layer limit. Two-dimensional(2D) materials, thanks to their stable layered structure, saturate interfacial chemistry, weak interlayer couplings, and the benefit of preparing stable ultra-thin film at 2D limit, are promising for exploring 2D ferroelectricity and related device applications. Therefore, it provides an effective approach to overcome the limitation in conventional ferroelectrics with the study of 2D ferroelectricity in van der Waals(vdW) materials. In this review article,we briefly introduce recent progresses on 2D ferroelectricity in layered vdW materials. We will highlight the study on atomically thin α-In2Se3, which is an emergent ferroelectric semiconductor with the coupled in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectricity. Furthermore, two prototype ferroelectric devices based on ferroelectric α-In2Se3 will also be reviewed.展开更多
Retaining the ultrathin structure of two-dimensional materials is very important for stabilizing their catalytic performances.However,aggregation and restacking are unavoidable,to some extent,due to the van der Waals ...Retaining the ultrathin structure of two-dimensional materials is very important for stabilizing their catalytic performances.However,aggregation and restacking are unavoidable,to some extent,due to the van der Waals interlayer interaction of two-dimensional materials.Here,we address this challenge by preparing an origami accordion structure of ultrathin twodimensional graphitized carbon nitride(oa-C_(3)N_(4))with rich vacancies.This novel structured oa-C_(3)N_(4) shows exceptional photocatalytic activity for the CO_(2) reduction reaction,which is 8.1 times that of the pristine C_(3)N_(4).The unique structure not only prevents restacking but also increases light harvesting and the density of vacancy defects,which leads to modification of the electronic structure,regulation of the CO_(2) adsorption energy,and a decrease in the energy barrier of the carbon dioxide to carboxylic acid intermediate reaction.This study provides a new avenue for the development of stable highperformance two-dimensional catalytic materials.展开更多
Information on the physicochemical properties of chemical species is an important prerequisite when performing tasks such as process design and product design.However,the lack of extensive data and high experimental c...Information on the physicochemical properties of chemical species is an important prerequisite when performing tasks such as process design and product design.However,the lack of extensive data and high experimental costs hinder the development of prediction techniques for these properties.Moreover,accuracy and predictive capabilities still limit the scope and applicability of most property estimation methods.This paper proposes a new Gaussian process-based modeling framework that aims to manage a discrete and high-dimensional input space related to molecular structure representation with the group-contribution approach.A warping function is used to map discrete input into a continuous domain in order to adjust the correlation between different compounds.Prior selection techniques,including prior elicitation and prior predictive checking,are also applied during the building procedure to provide the model with more information from previous research findings.The framework is assessed using datasets of varying sizes for 20 pure component properties.For 18 out of the 20 pure component properties,the new models are found to give improved accuracy and predictive power in comparison with other published models,with and without machine learning.展开更多
Electrochemical transformation emerges as an important solution to sustainable energy conversion and chemical production.Conventional electrolytic systems usually operate under galvanostatic or potentiostatic conditio...Electrochemical transformation emerges as an important solution to sustainable energy conversion and chemical production.Conventional electrolytic systems usually operate under galvanostatic or potentiostatic conditions that sometimes result in unsatisfactory efficiencies or selectivities.Pulse electrolysis by pulsating and programming the potentials/currents can feature unique tunability to the electrodeelectrolyte interface properties that can give rise to drastically different electrochemical behaviors compared to the steady-state counterparts.Although invented almost 100 years ago,pulse electrolysis has received little attention over the period,but has recently attracted a revived focus toward the energyefficient electrolysis.This review will summarize the history and recent efforts of pulse electrolysis in three categories:water electrolysis,CO_(2)electrolysis and other electrolysis.In each section,the advantage of pulse electrolysis over steady-state electrolysis will be discussed in detail,giving a comprehensive overview of the pulse effect on the electrolytic systems.Finally,we will provide our vision of future directions in pulse electrolysis based on previous works.展开更多
High-fidelity two-qubit gates are essential for the realization of large-scale quantum computation and simulation.Tunable coupler design is used to reduce the problem of parasitic coupling and frequency crowding in ma...High-fidelity two-qubit gates are essential for the realization of large-scale quantum computation and simulation.Tunable coupler design is used to reduce the problem of parasitic coupling and frequency crowding in manyqubit systems and thus thought to be advantageous. Here we design an extensible 5-qubit system in which center transmon qubit can couple to every four near-neighboring qubits via a capacitive tunable coupler and experimentally demonstrate high-fidelity controlled-phase(CZ) gate by manipulating central qubit and one nearneighboring qubit. Speckle purity benchmarking and cross entropy benchmarking are used to assess the purity fidelity and the fidelity of the CZ gate. The average purity fidelity of the CZ gate is 99.69±0.04% and the average fidelity of the CZ gate is 99.65±0.04%, which means that the control error is about 0.04%. Our work is helpful for resolving many challenges in implementation of large-scale quantum systems.展开更多
Although cartilage tissue engineering has been developed for decades, it is still unclear whether angio- genesis was the accompaniment of chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration. This study aimed to explore the proce...Although cartilage tissue engineering has been developed for decades, it is still unclear whether angio- genesis was the accompaniment of chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration. This study aimed to explore the process of anti-angiogenesis during cartilage regenerative progress in cartilage repair extracellular matrix （ECM） materials under Hypoxia. C3H10T1/2 cell line, seeded as pellet or in ECM materials, was added with chondrogenic medium or DMEM medium for 21 days under hypoxia or normoxia environment. Genes and miRNAs related with chondrogenesis and angiogenesis were detected by RT-qPCR technique on Days 7, 14, and 21. Dual-luciferase report system was used to explore the regulating roles of miRNAs on angiogenesis. Results showed that the chondrogenic medium promotes chondrogenesis both in pellet and ECM materials culture. HIF1α was up-regulated under hypoxia compared with normoxia （P 〈 0.05）. Meanwhile, hypoxia enhanced chondrogenesis, miR-140-Sp exhibited higher expression while miR-146b exhibited lower expression. The chondrogenic phenotype was more stabilized in the ECM materials in chondrogenic medium than DMEM medium, with lower VEGFα expression even under hypoxia. Dual-luciferase report assays demonstrated that miR-140-5p directly targets VEGFct by binding its 3＇- UTR. Taken together, chondrogenic cytokines, ECM materials and hypoxia synergistically promoted chondrogenesis and inhibited angiogenesis, miR-140-5p olaved an imnortant role in this process.展开更多
Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective H...Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective Hamiltonian using various methods has gained great interest. We consider a vector differential equation of motion to derive the effective Hamiltonian for any periodically driven two-level system, and the dynamics of the spin vector are an evolution under the Bloch sphere. Here, we investigate the properties of this equation and show that a sudden change of the effective Hamiltonian is expected. Furthermore, we present several exact relations, whose expressions are independent of the different starting points. Moreover, we deduce the effective Hamiltonian from the high-frequency limit, which approximately equals the results in previous studies. Our results show that the vector differential equation of motion is not affected by a convergence problem, and thus, can be used to numerically investigate the effective models in any periodic modulating system. Finally, we anticipate that the proposed method can be applied to experimental platforms that require time-periodic modulation, such as ultracold atoms and optical lattices.展开更多
Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments[Phys.Rev.Lett.114,255301(2015);Phys.Rev.Lett.128,223201(2022)],we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime.Different...Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments[Phys.Rev.Lett.114,255301(2015);Phys.Rev.Lett.128,223201(2022)],we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime.Different from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition,for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed,which can give rise to new magnetic phases.While various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces,the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body interactions.We unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory approach.These phases are characterized by various orders,including spontaneous magnetization order,spin magnitude order,singlet pairing order,and nematic order,which may coexist specially in the regime with odd parity.Finally we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)degenerate Fermi gases in the presence of spin-orbit coupling,inducing various kinds of physical findings and phenomena,have attracted tremendous attention in these years.We investigate the 3D spi...Three-dimensional(3D)degenerate Fermi gases in the presence of spin-orbit coupling,inducing various kinds of physical findings and phenomena,have attracted tremendous attention in these years.We investigate the 3D spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gases in theory and first present the analytic expression of their ground state.Our study provides an innovative perspective into understanding of the topological properties of 3D unconventional superconductors,and describes the topological phase transitions in trivial and topological phase areas.Further,such a system is provided with a richer set of Cooper pairings than traditional superconductors.The dual Cooper pairs with same spin directions emerge and exhibit peculiar behaviors,leading to topological phase transitions.Our study and discussion can be generalized to some other types of unconventional superconductors and areas of optical lattices.展开更多
The development of high-fidelity two-qubit quantum gates is essential for digital quantum computing.Here,we propose and realize an all-microwave parametric controlled-Z(CZ)gates by coupling strength modulation in a su...The development of high-fidelity two-qubit quantum gates is essential for digital quantum computing.Here,we propose and realize an all-microwave parametric controlled-Z(CZ)gates by coupling strength modulation in a superconducting Transmon qubit system with tunable couplers.After optimizing the design of the tunable coupler together with the control pulse numerically,we experimentally realized a 100 ns CZ gate with high fidelity of 99.38%±0.34%and the control error being 0.1%.We note that our CZ gates are not affected by pulse distortion and do not need pulse correction,providing a solution for the real-time pulse generation in a dynamic quantum feedback circuit.With the expectation of utilizing our all-microwave control scheme to reduce the number of control lines through frequency multiplexing in the future,our scheme draws a blueprint for the high-integrable quantum hardware design.展开更多
We demonstrate that the two degenerate energy levels in spin–orbit coupled trapped Bose gases,coupled by a quenched Zeeman field,can be used for angular momentum Josephson effect.In a static quenched field,we can rea...We demonstrate that the two degenerate energy levels in spin–orbit coupled trapped Bose gases,coupled by a quenched Zeeman field,can be used for angular momentum Josephson effect.In a static quenched field,we can realize a Josephson oscillation with a period ranging from millisecond to hundreds of milliseconds.Moreover,by a driven Zeeman field,we realize a new Josephson oscillation,in which the population imbalance may have the same expression as the current in the direct-current Josephson effect.When the dynamics of the condensate cannot follow up the modulation frequency,it is in the self-trapping regime.This new dynamic is understood from the time-dependent evolution of the constant-energy trajectory in the phase space.This model has several salient advantages compared to the previous ones.The condensates are isolated from their excitations by a finite gap,thus can greatly suppress the damping effect induced by thermal atoms and Bogoliubov excitations.The oscillation period can be tuned by several orders of magnitude without influencing other parameters.In experiments,the dynamics can be mapped out from spin and momentum spaces,thus it is not limited by the spatial resolution in absorption imaging.This system can serve as a promising platform for matter wave interferometry and quantum metrology.展开更多
Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10...Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10 years of collaborative research,and achieved several innovative achievements.SCWL phytoplasmas newly recorded in China and the new subgroup of SCWL phytoplasmas(16SrXI-D)were discovered for the first time in Yunnan,and the whole genome analysis of the epidemic subgroup was completed.The main transmission source of SCWL pathogens has been identified as infected seed canes,and Tettigoniella viridis and Clovia conifer were newly discovered as vectors for virus transmission.The disease resistance of 25 main varieties was identified,and 10 control varieties were selected.The prevention and control strategy of"emphasizing early warning,strictly carrying out quarantine,blocking the vectors and controlling residual plants"was put forward,and a comprehensive prevention technique was established through integration of various techniques,and standardized technical regulations were formulated for demonstration application.The promotion and application of these achievements have realized scientific prevention and control of SCWL,effectively curbed the spread of SCWL,and ensured the safety of sugarcane producing areas in China,achieving great economic,social and ecological benefits and providing technical support for high-quality development,loss reduction and efficiency improvement of China's sugar industry.展开更多
Background:A large gap exists between the needs of patients with end-stage heart failure and the number of gold-standard heart transplants.Over the past 30 years,a revolutionary treatment strategy using ventricular as...Background:A large gap exists between the needs of patients with end-stage heart failure and the number of gold-standard heart transplants.Over the past 30 years,a revolutionary treatment strategy using ventricular assist devices(VADs)has rapidly developed and become widely used in clinical practice.However,few analyses have assessed the application and publication trends in the VAD field.Method:We used the Web of Science core collection to identify VAD research published between 1992 and 2022.We performed analysis and data visualization with CiteSpace,Scimago Graphica,and VOSviewer.Results:We identified 13,274 articles published in 1129 journals,describing work from 6351 institutions in 86 countries.Among them,the United States contributed the most to VAD research,and almost all the top ten authors and institutions contributing to VAD research were from the United States.Conclusions:In the past 5 years,VAD research has focused on right heart failure,outcomes,effects and risk factors,societies of surgeons,and clinical guidelines.Because of the large number of patients with heart failure,we expect VAD development to peak in the next decade.展开更多
Cordyceps militaris(CM)is widely distributed in humid temperate and tropical forests.Commercially available CM is mainly dried fruiting bodies and their further processed products.In the chinese market,these products ...Cordyceps militaris(CM)is widely distributed in humid temperate and tropical forests.Commercially available CM is mainly dried fruiting bodies and their further processed products.In the chinese market,these products are mainly stored at room temperature without vacuum sealing after air drying.In this study,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and microbial community abundance analysis were applied to analyze the changes of major metabolites and microbial communities in CM dried products and explore the changes in quality during storage at room temperature.A total of 856 non-volatile and 431 volatile substances were detected,of which 195 non-volatile and 85 volatile substances showed significant differences.By analyzing the microbial community relative abundance,the highest relative abundance was observed in the second month,which was then followed by a decline.These results demonstrated that the quality,odor,and nutrient content of CM changed considerably after storage from one to two months.These findings can provide new insights for exploring the optimal consumption time for the best flavor and health function of CM dried products in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.20NDQN266YB).
文摘While the relation between shyness and problematic social media use(PSMU)among adolescents has been established,the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unexplored.The present study examined whether psychological insecurity mediated the association between shyness and adolescents’PSMU and whether this mediation was moderated by relational-interdependent self-construal(RISC).A total of 1506 Chinese adolescents(Mage=13.74 years,SD=0.98)filled out self-report measures of shyness,psychological insecurity,RISC,and PSMU.SPSS(version 23.0)and the PROCESS macro(version 4.1)were employed to test the proposed model.Mediation analyses indicated that psychological insecurity mediated the association between shyness and adolescent PSMU.Furthermore,moderated mediation tests revealed that RISC moderated thefirst half of the mediation path,whereby RISC ameliorated the detrimental effects of shyness on psychological insecurity,consequently reducing the risk of PSMU.The present study provides further evidence on the mediating and moderating mechanisms between shyness and PSMU,which has important implications for the prevention and intervention of PSMU.For adolescents who exhibited pronounced shyness and low levels of RISC,a promising strategy for mitigating their PSMU would be interventions designed to cultivate social skills,alleviate psychological insecurity,and enhance their RISC.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0301200,2021ZD0303200,and 2021ZD0301500)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO)。
文摘Recently,large-scale trapped ion systems have been realized in experiments for quantum simulation and quantum computation.They are the simplest systems for dynamical stability and parametric resonance.In this model,the Mathieu equation plays the most fundamental role for us to understand the stability and instability of a single ion.In this work,we investigate the dynamics of trapped ions with the Coulomb interaction based on the Hamiltonian equation.We show that the many-body interaction will not influence the phase diagram for instability.Then,the dynamics of this model in the large damping limit will also be analytically calculated using few trapped ions.Furthermore,we find that in the presence of modulation,synchronization dynamics can be observed,showing an exchange of velocities between distant ions on the left side and on the right side of the trap.These dynamics resemble that of the exchange of velocities in Newton's cradle for the collision of balls at the same time.These dynamics are independent of their initial conditions and the number of ions.As a unique feature of the interacting Mathieu equation,we hope this behavior,which leads to a quasi-periodic solution,can be measured in current experimental systems.Finally,we have also discussed the effect of anharmonic trapping potential,showing the desynchronization during the collision process.It is hoped that the dynamics in this many-body Mathieu equation with damping may find applications in quantum simulations.This model may also find interesting applications in dynamics systems as a pure mathematical problem,which may be beyond the results in the Floquet theorem.
文摘While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.
文摘Glycerol is one of the most important biomass-based platform molecules,massively produced as a by-product in the biodiesel industry.Its high purification cost from the crude glycerol raw material limits its application and demands new strategies for valorization.Compared to the conventional thermocatalytic strategies,the electrocatalytic strategies can not only enable the selective conversion at mild conditions but also pair up the cathodic reactions for the co-production with higher efficiencies.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of catalyst designs and mechanistic understandings for the electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation(GOR),and aim to provide an overview of the GOR process and the intrinsic structural-activity correlation for inspiring future work in this field.The review is dissected into three sections.We will first introduce the recent efforts of designing more efficient and selective catalysts for GOR,especially toward the production of value-added products.Then,we will summarize the current understandings about the reaction network based on the ex-situ and in-situ spectroscopic studies as well as the theoretical works.Lastly,we will select some representative examples of creating real electrochemical devices for the valorization of glycerol.By summarizing these previous efforts,we will provide our vision of future directions in the field of GOR toward real applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0 205004, 2018YFA03066004, and 2016YFA0301700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674295 and 11774328)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. WK2340000082)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies (Grant No. AHY170000)the USTC start-up fundingthe China Government Youth 1000-Plan Talent Program
文摘Room temperature ferroelectric thin films are the key element of high-density nonvolatile memories in modern electronics. However, with the further miniaturization of the electronic devices beyond the Moore’s law, conventional ferroelectrics suffer great challenge arising from the critical thickness effect, where the ferroelectricity is unstable if the film thickness is reduced to nanometer or single atomic layer limit. Two-dimensional(2D) materials, thanks to their stable layered structure, saturate interfacial chemistry, weak interlayer couplings, and the benefit of preparing stable ultra-thin film at 2D limit, are promising for exploring 2D ferroelectricity and related device applications. Therefore, it provides an effective approach to overcome the limitation in conventional ferroelectrics with the study of 2D ferroelectricity in van der Waals(vdW) materials. In this review article,we briefly introduce recent progresses on 2D ferroelectricity in layered vdW materials. We will highlight the study on atomically thin α-In2Se3, which is an emergent ferroelectric semiconductor with the coupled in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectricity. Furthermore, two prototype ferroelectric devices based on ferroelectric α-In2Se3 will also be reviewed.
基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Number:20190201233JCProject for Self-innovation Capability Construction of Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission,Grant/Award Number:2021C026+3 种基金Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team,Grant/Award Numbers:JLUSTIRT,2017TD-09National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:12034002,51872116Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Heilongjiang Province,Grant/Award Number:JC2018004Excellent Young Foundation of Harbin Normal University,Grant/Award Number:XKYQ201304。
文摘Retaining the ultrathin structure of two-dimensional materials is very important for stabilizing their catalytic performances.However,aggregation and restacking are unavoidable,to some extent,due to the van der Waals interlayer interaction of two-dimensional materials.Here,we address this challenge by preparing an origami accordion structure of ultrathin twodimensional graphitized carbon nitride(oa-C_(3)N_(4))with rich vacancies.This novel structured oa-C_(3)N_(4) shows exceptional photocatalytic activity for the CO_(2) reduction reaction,which is 8.1 times that of the pristine C_(3)N_(4).The unique structure not only prevents restacking but also increases light harvesting and the density of vacancy defects,which leads to modification of the electronic structure,regulation of the CO_(2) adsorption energy,and a decrease in the energy barrier of the carbon dioxide to carboxylic acid intermediate reaction.This study provides a new avenue for the development of stable highperformance two-dimensional catalytic materials.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22150410338 and 61973268)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Information on the physicochemical properties of chemical species is an important prerequisite when performing tasks such as process design and product design.However,the lack of extensive data and high experimental costs hinder the development of prediction techniques for these properties.Moreover,accuracy and predictive capabilities still limit the scope and applicability of most property estimation methods.This paper proposes a new Gaussian process-based modeling framework that aims to manage a discrete and high-dimensional input space related to molecular structure representation with the group-contribution approach.A warping function is used to map discrete input into a continuous domain in order to adjust the correlation between different compounds.Prior selection techniques,including prior elicitation and prior predictive checking,are also applied during the building procedure to provide the model with more information from previous research findings.The framework is assessed using datasets of varying sizes for 20 pure component properties.For 18 out of the 20 pure component properties,the new models are found to give improved accuracy and predictive power in comparison with other published models,with and without machine learning.
基金supports from the National Key R&D program of China(2019YFC1604602)supports from the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2019YFC1906700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21876049,51878643)。
文摘Electrochemical transformation emerges as an important solution to sustainable energy conversion and chemical production.Conventional electrolytic systems usually operate under galvanostatic or potentiostatic conditions that sometimes result in unsatisfactory efficiencies or selectivities.Pulse electrolysis by pulsating and programming the potentials/currents can feature unique tunability to the electrodeelectrolyte interface properties that can give rise to drastically different electrochemical behaviors compared to the steady-state counterparts.Although invented almost 100 years ago,pulse electrolysis has received little attention over the period,but has recently attracted a revived focus toward the energyefficient electrolysis.This review will summarize the history and recent efforts of pulse electrolysis in three categories:water electrolysis,CO_(2)electrolysis and other electrolysis.In each section,the advantage of pulse electrolysis over steady-state electrolysis will be discussed in detail,giving a comprehensive overview of the pulse effect on the electrolytic systems.Finally,we will provide our vision of future directions in pulse electrolysis based on previous works.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304300)the Chinese Academy of Sciences+6 种基金Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information TechnologiesTechnology Committee of Shanghai Municipalitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11905217,11774326,and 11905294)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.19ZR1462700)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Provice(Grant No.2020B0303030001)the Youth Talent Lifting Project(Grant No.2020-JCJQ-QT-030)。
文摘High-fidelity two-qubit gates are essential for the realization of large-scale quantum computation and simulation.Tunable coupler design is used to reduce the problem of parasitic coupling and frequency crowding in manyqubit systems and thus thought to be advantageous. Here we design an extensible 5-qubit system in which center transmon qubit can couple to every four near-neighboring qubits via a capacitive tunable coupler and experimentally demonstrate high-fidelity controlled-phase(CZ) gate by manipulating central qubit and one nearneighboring qubit. Speckle purity benchmarking and cross entropy benchmarking are used to assess the purity fidelity and the fidelity of the CZ gate. The average purity fidelity of the CZ gate is 99.69±0.04% and the average fidelity of the CZ gate is 99.65±0.04%, which means that the control error is about 0.04%. Our work is helpful for resolving many challenges in implementation of large-scale quantum systems.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2012CB619100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31430030,0731001,and 81071512)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2014A030310466)the China Scholarship Council
文摘Although cartilage tissue engineering has been developed for decades, it is still unclear whether angio- genesis was the accompaniment of chondrogenesis in cartilage regeneration. This study aimed to explore the process of anti-angiogenesis during cartilage regenerative progress in cartilage repair extracellular matrix （ECM） materials under Hypoxia. C3H10T1/2 cell line, seeded as pellet or in ECM materials, was added with chondrogenic medium or DMEM medium for 21 days under hypoxia or normoxia environment. Genes and miRNAs related with chondrogenesis and angiogenesis were detected by RT-qPCR technique on Days 7, 14, and 21. Dual-luciferase report system was used to explore the regulating roles of miRNAs on angiogenesis. Results showed that the chondrogenic medium promotes chondrogenesis both in pellet and ECM materials culture. HIF1α was up-regulated under hypoxia compared with normoxia （P 〈 0.05）. Meanwhile, hypoxia enhanced chondrogenesis, miR-140-Sp exhibited higher expression while miR-146b exhibited lower expression. The chondrogenic phenotype was more stabilized in the ECM materials in chondrogenic medium than DMEM medium, with lower VEGFα expression even under hypoxia. Dual-luciferase report assays demonstrated that miR-140-5p directly targets VEGFct by binding its 3＇- UTR. Taken together, chondrogenic cytokines, ECM materials and hypoxia synergistically promoted chondrogenesis and inhibited angiogenesis, miR-140-5p olaved an imnortant role in this process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11774328)。
文摘Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective Hamiltonian using various methods has gained great interest. We consider a vector differential equation of motion to derive the effective Hamiltonian for any periodically driven two-level system, and the dynamics of the spin vector are an evolution under the Bloch sphere. Here, we investigate the properties of this equation and show that a sudden change of the effective Hamiltonian is expected. Furthermore, we present several exact relations, whose expressions are independent of the different starting points. Moreover, we deduce the effective Hamiltonian from the high-frequency limit, which approximately equals the results in previous studies. Our results show that the vector differential equation of motion is not affected by a convergence problem, and thus, can be used to numerically investigate the effective models in any periodic modulating system. Finally, we anticipate that the proposed method can be applied to experimental platforms that require time-periodic modulation, such as ultracold atoms and optical lattices.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0500000)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074431,12274384,and 12374252)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Hunan Scientific Committee(Grant No.2021JJ10044).
文摘Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments[Phys.Rev.Lett.114,255301(2015);Phys.Rev.Lett.128,223201(2022)],we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime.Different from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition,for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed,which can give rise to new magnetic phases.While various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces,the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body interactions.We unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory approach.These phases are characterized by various orders,including spontaneous magnetization order,spin magnitude order,singlet pairing order,and nematic order,which may coexist specially in the regime with odd parity.Finally we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61805162,11774328,and 12274005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1401900)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)degenerate Fermi gases in the presence of spin-orbit coupling,inducing various kinds of physical findings and phenomena,have attracted tremendous attention in these years.We investigate the 3D spin-orbit coupled degenerate Fermi gases in theory and first present the analytic expression of their ground state.Our study provides an innovative perspective into understanding of the topological properties of 3D unconventional superconductors,and describes the topological phase transitions in trivial and topological phase areas.Further,such a system is provided with a richer set of Cooper pairings than traditional superconductors.The dual Cooper pairs with same spin directions emerge and exhibit peculiar behaviors,leading to topological phase transitions.Our study and discussion can be generalized to some other types of unconventional superconductors and areas of optical lattices.
基金the USTC Center for Micro-and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication for supporting the sample fabricationQuantum CTek Co.,Ltd.for supporting the fabrication and the maintenance of room-temperature electronics+7 种基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304300)the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologiesthe Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipalitythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11905217 and 11905294)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.19ZR1462700)he Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B0303030001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
文摘The development of high-fidelity two-qubit quantum gates is essential for digital quantum computing.Here,we propose and realize an all-microwave parametric controlled-Z(CZ)gates by coupling strength modulation in a superconducting Transmon qubit system with tunable couplers.After optimizing the design of the tunable coupler together with the control pulse numerically,we experimentally realized a 100 ns CZ gate with high fidelity of 99.38%±0.34%and the control error being 0.1%.We note that our CZ gates are not affected by pulse distortion and do not need pulse correction,providing a solution for the real-time pulse generation in a dynamic quantum feedback circuit.With the expectation of utilizing our all-microwave control scheme to reduce the number of control lines through frequency multiplexing in the future,our scheme draws a blueprint for the high-integrable quantum hardware design.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program in China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304504 and 2017YFA0304103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11774328)。
文摘We demonstrate that the two degenerate energy levels in spin–orbit coupled trapped Bose gases,coupled by a quenched Zeeman field,can be used for angular momentum Josephson effect.In a static quenched field,we can realize a Josephson oscillation with a period ranging from millisecond to hundreds of milliseconds.Moreover,by a driven Zeeman field,we realize a new Josephson oscillation,in which the population imbalance may have the same expression as the current in the direct-current Josephson effect.When the dynamics of the condensate cannot follow up the modulation frequency,it is in the self-trapping regime.This new dynamic is understood from the time-dependent evolution of the constant-energy trajectory in the phase space.This model has several salient advantages compared to the previous ones.The condensates are isolated from their excitations by a finite gap,thus can greatly suppress the damping effect induced by thermal atoms and Bogoliubov excitations.The oscillation period can be tuned by several orders of magnitude without influencing other parameters.In experiments,the dynamics can be mapped out from spin and momentum spaces,thus it is not limited by the spatial resolution in absorption imaging.This system can serve as a promising platform for matter wave interferometry and quantum metrology.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760504)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-17)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System in Yunnan Province.
文摘Aiming at the basic and key technical problems in prevention and control of sugarcane white leaf disease(SCWL),this study systematically overcame key technical bottleneck of prevention and control of new SCWL after 10 years of collaborative research,and achieved several innovative achievements.SCWL phytoplasmas newly recorded in China and the new subgroup of SCWL phytoplasmas(16SrXI-D)were discovered for the first time in Yunnan,and the whole genome analysis of the epidemic subgroup was completed.The main transmission source of SCWL pathogens has been identified as infected seed canes,and Tettigoniella viridis and Clovia conifer were newly discovered as vectors for virus transmission.The disease resistance of 25 main varieties was identified,and 10 control varieties were selected.The prevention and control strategy of"emphasizing early warning,strictly carrying out quarantine,blocking the vectors and controlling residual plants"was put forward,and a comprehensive prevention technique was established through integration of various techniques,and standardized technical regulations were formulated for demonstration application.The promotion and application of these achievements have realized scientific prevention and control of SCWL,effectively curbed the spread of SCWL,and ensured the safety of sugarcane producing areas in China,achieving great economic,social and ecological benefits and providing technical support for high-quality development,loss reduction and efficiency improvement of China's sugar industry.
文摘Background:A large gap exists between the needs of patients with end-stage heart failure and the number of gold-standard heart transplants.Over the past 30 years,a revolutionary treatment strategy using ventricular assist devices(VADs)has rapidly developed and become widely used in clinical practice.However,few analyses have assessed the application and publication trends in the VAD field.Method:We used the Web of Science core collection to identify VAD research published between 1992 and 2022.We performed analysis and data visualization with CiteSpace,Scimago Graphica,and VOSviewer.Results:We identified 13,274 articles published in 1129 journals,describing work from 6351 institutions in 86 countries.Among them,the United States contributed the most to VAD research,and almost all the top ten authors and institutions contributing to VAD research were from the United States.Conclusions:In the past 5 years,VAD research has focused on right heart failure,outcomes,effects and risk factors,societies of surgeons,and clinical guidelines.Because of the large number of patients with heart failure,we expect VAD development to peak in the next decade.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of china(2023YFF1000800)the Excellent team Plan of Shanghai academy of agricultural Sciences((2022)014).
文摘Cordyceps militaris(CM)is widely distributed in humid temperate and tropical forests.Commercially available CM is mainly dried fruiting bodies and their further processed products.In the chinese market,these products are mainly stored at room temperature without vacuum sealing after air drying.In this study,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and microbial community abundance analysis were applied to analyze the changes of major metabolites and microbial communities in CM dried products and explore the changes in quality during storage at room temperature.A total of 856 non-volatile and 431 volatile substances were detected,of which 195 non-volatile and 85 volatile substances showed significant differences.By analyzing the microbial community relative abundance,the highest relative abundance was observed in the second month,which was then followed by a decline.These results demonstrated that the quality,odor,and nutrient content of CM changed considerably after storage from one to two months.These findings can provide new insights for exploring the optimal consumption time for the best flavor and health function of CM dried products in the future.
