Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglio...Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.展开更多
Background:Spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma is rare and the mechanism remains unknown.Previous literature described the phenomenon of spontaneous resolution of primary congenital glaucoma,with no fur...Background:Spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma is rare and the mechanism remains unknown.Previous literature described the phenomenon of spontaneous resolution of primary congenital glaucoma,with no further reports on follow-up visits and visual development of patients.We report a case of unilateral spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma at a 7-year follow-up visit and describe the differential development of axial length(AL)between affected eye and healthy eye.Case Description:A 6-year-old boy firstly presented at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with expanded corneas and ruptures in Descemet’s membranes(Haab’s striae)and apparently thin retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)in the left eye(LE),but normal intraocular pressure(IOP)of both eyes without anti-glaucoma medications or surgeries.At 7-year follow-up,the IOPs of bilateral eyes were stable ranging from 8 to 11 mmHg.A cup to disc ratio and the RNFL was stable in the LE at the following visit.The AL increased almost 3 mm in the right eye(RE)but 1.5 mm in the LE.Without anti-glaucoma medications or surgeries,the primary congenital glaucoma was spontaneously resolved.Conclusions:It may figure out the development and influence of the affected eye of the patient,including AL and refraction state with regular ophthalmic examination at periodic follow-up.展开更多
Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder resulting from abnormal visual input during the critical period of visual development,such as strabismus,uncorrected anisometropia,high refractive errors,and form depr...Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder resulting from abnormal visual input during the critical period of visual development,such as strabismus,uncorrected anisometropia,high refractive errors,and form deprivation.It is frequently associated with reduced visual acuity and deficits in binocular vision.Traditional occlusion therapy for amblyopia has typically been restricted to infants and young children during the critical period of visual development,as it is believed to be ineffective for older children and adults due to the decreased plasticity of the mature brain.Our research group has concentrated on pivotal scientific issues in amblyopia,including quantitative methods for detecting binocular vision,especially interocular visual suppression,the mechanisms underlying binocular vision impairment in amblyopia,treatment methods and their evaluations for amblyopia,and visual plasticity and its neural mechanisms in amblyopia.This paper summarizes the visual mechanisms and treatment modalities of amblyopia based on our research and both domestic and foreign sources,while also looking forward to the future development of this field in light of existing problems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271115(to MY).
文摘Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
基金The research work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.81970847).
文摘Background:Spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma is rare and the mechanism remains unknown.Previous literature described the phenomenon of spontaneous resolution of primary congenital glaucoma,with no further reports on follow-up visits and visual development of patients.We report a case of unilateral spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma at a 7-year follow-up visit and describe the differential development of axial length(AL)between affected eye and healthy eye.Case Description:A 6-year-old boy firstly presented at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with expanded corneas and ruptures in Descemet’s membranes(Haab’s striae)and apparently thin retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)in the left eye(LE),but normal intraocular pressure(IOP)of both eyes without anti-glaucoma medications or surgeries.At 7-year follow-up,the IOPs of bilateral eyes were stable ranging from 8 to 11 mmHg.A cup to disc ratio and the RNFL was stable in the LE at the following visit.The AL increased almost 3 mm in the right eye(RE)but 1.5 mm in the LE.Without anti-glaucoma medications or surgeries,the primary congenital glaucoma was spontaneously resolved.Conclusions:It may figure out the development and influence of the affected eye of the patient,including AL and refraction state with regular ophthalmic examination at periodic follow-up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271115,82471115)the Natural Science Foundation Team Project of Guangdong Province Grant(2015A030312016).
文摘Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder resulting from abnormal visual input during the critical period of visual development,such as strabismus,uncorrected anisometropia,high refractive errors,and form deprivation.It is frequently associated with reduced visual acuity and deficits in binocular vision.Traditional occlusion therapy for amblyopia has typically been restricted to infants and young children during the critical period of visual development,as it is believed to be ineffective for older children and adults due to the decreased plasticity of the mature brain.Our research group has concentrated on pivotal scientific issues in amblyopia,including quantitative methods for detecting binocular vision,especially interocular visual suppression,the mechanisms underlying binocular vision impairment in amblyopia,treatment methods and their evaluations for amblyopia,and visual plasticity and its neural mechanisms in amblyopia.This paper summarizes the visual mechanisms and treatment modalities of amblyopia based on our research and both domestic and foreign sources,while also looking forward to the future development of this field in light of existing problems.
