Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation process that degrades damaged proteins to maintain homeostasis and to protect cells against stress.In this study,we identified and characterized a critical autophag...Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation process that degrades damaged proteins to maintain homeostasis and to protect cells against stress.In this study,we identified and characterized a critical autophagy-related protein,UvAtg14,in Ustilaginoidea virens,which is the ortholog of MoAtg14 in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzea.UvAtg14 is co-localized with UvAtg8(an autophagy marker protein)and is highly expressed at 1-3 days post-inoculation.Deletion of the UvATG14 gene blocked GFP-UvAtg8 trafficking and autophagic digestion and significantly reduced mycelial growth,asexual reproduction,and virulence of U.virens.UvATG14 deletion mutants also exhibited increased sensitivity to various abiotic stresses.Our findings indicate that UvAtg14 is a key autophagic protein and contributes to mycelial growth,conidia production,and pathogenicity in U.virens.展开更多
Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive pathogens that threaten rice production around the world.Previous studies mainly focus on pathogenic mechanism of M.oryzae during infection on rice at leaf stage.Howev...Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive pathogens that threaten rice production around the world.Previous studies mainly focus on pathogenic mechanism of M.oryzae during infection on rice at leaf stage.However,the pathogenic mechanism of M.oryzae infection on panicle tissue is not well understood.In the present study,we performed RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)to study gene expression patterns of M.oryzae during infection at leaf stage and at panicle stage,respectively.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of M.oryzae in the infected leaf and panicle tissues were analyzed.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that M.oryzae genes involved in the biological processes were different at leaf and panicle stages.Furthermore,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis of DEGs indicates that genes related to individual and important pathways may function at different infection stages.In particular,CAZymes carbohydrate esterases(CEs),carbohydrate-binding modules(CBMs),and glycoside hydrolases(GHs)may play important roles during M.oryzae infection on rice leaves,while glycosyltransferases(GTs)and GHs may play important roles during infection at rice panicle stage.Further analysis of effectors(BAS3,BAS113,BAS162,MoCDIP4,and MoHEG13)and their homologous genes suggest that they are involved in host defense suppression.Our findings provide insights into understanding the infection mechanisms of M.oryzae for rice leaf blast and panicle blast disease.展开更多
Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah, is an important fungal disease of rice. In China,sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) are common fungicides used to control RFS. In a previous st...Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah, is an important fungal disease of rice. In China,sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) are common fungicides used to control RFS. In a previous study, we detectedtwo propiconazole-resistant U. virens isolates in 2015 in Huai’an city, Jiangsu Province, China. In the current study,we detected six propiconazole-resistant isolates out of 180 U. virens isolates collected from rice fields in JiangsuProvince in 2017, and found they were from three different places (Xuzhou, Huai’an and Jintan). All these sixpropiconazole-resistant isolates were cross-resistant to three other sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, i.e.difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole. Among them, two isolates (2017–61 and 2017–170) had high fitness.Through sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis, we found that the expression levels of CYP51 and its encoded protein weresignificantly increased in the propiconazole-resistant isolates with a “CC” insertion mutation upstream of the CYP51 codingregion compared to the propiconazole-sensitive isolates. In addition, propiconazole stimulated CYP51 expression in allisolates. Propiconazole also stimulated the accumulation of CYP51 protein in propiconazole-sensitive isolates andpropiconazole-resistant isolates without mutation, but not in propiconazole-resistant isolates with the “CC” mutation.According to JASPAR database analysis, the predicated functional binding sites for propiconazole-resistant isolates with a“CC” insertion mutation and propiconazole-sensitive isolates were different. Given the high fitness of the propiconazoleresistantisolates, the development of resistance to DMIs in U. virens should be monitored. Furthermore, we speculatedthat the over-expression of CYP51 may contribute to DMI resistance in U. virens with the “CC” insertion mutation.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301624 and 31571961)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(20)3124).
文摘Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation process that degrades damaged proteins to maintain homeostasis and to protect cells against stress.In this study,we identified and characterized a critical autophagy-related protein,UvAtg14,in Ustilaginoidea virens,which is the ortholog of MoAtg14 in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzea.UvAtg14 is co-localized with UvAtg8(an autophagy marker protein)and is highly expressed at 1-3 days post-inoculation.Deletion of the UvATG14 gene blocked GFP-UvAtg8 trafficking and autophagic digestion and significantly reduced mycelial growth,asexual reproduction,and virulence of U.virens.UvATG14 deletion mutants also exhibited increased sensitivity to various abiotic stresses.Our findings indicate that UvAtg14 is a key autophagic protein and contributes to mycelial growth,conidia production,and pathogenicity in U.virens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272508)Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(19)1008)the Revitalization Foundation of Seed Industry of Jiangsu(JBGS(2021)005).
文摘Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive pathogens that threaten rice production around the world.Previous studies mainly focus on pathogenic mechanism of M.oryzae during infection on rice at leaf stage.However,the pathogenic mechanism of M.oryzae infection on panicle tissue is not well understood.In the present study,we performed RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)to study gene expression patterns of M.oryzae during infection at leaf stage and at panicle stage,respectively.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of M.oryzae in the infected leaf and panicle tissues were analyzed.Gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that M.oryzae genes involved in the biological processes were different at leaf and panicle stages.Furthermore,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis of DEGs indicates that genes related to individual and important pathways may function at different infection stages.In particular,CAZymes carbohydrate esterases(CEs),carbohydrate-binding modules(CBMs),and glycoside hydrolases(GHs)may play important roles during M.oryzae infection on rice leaves,while glycosyltransferases(GTs)and GHs may play important roles during infection at rice panicle stage.Further analysis of effectors(BAS3,BAS113,BAS162,MoCDIP4,and MoHEG13)and their homologous genes suggest that they are involved in host defense suppression.Our findings provide insights into understanding the infection mechanisms of M.oryzae for rice leaf blast and panicle blast disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300706)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160588).
文摘Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah, is an important fungal disease of rice. In China,sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) are common fungicides used to control RFS. In a previous study, we detectedtwo propiconazole-resistant U. virens isolates in 2015 in Huai’an city, Jiangsu Province, China. In the current study,we detected six propiconazole-resistant isolates out of 180 U. virens isolates collected from rice fields in JiangsuProvince in 2017, and found they were from three different places (Xuzhou, Huai’an and Jintan). All these sixpropiconazole-resistant isolates were cross-resistant to three other sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, i.e.difenoconazole, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole. Among them, two isolates (2017–61 and 2017–170) had high fitness.Through sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis, we found that the expression levels of CYP51 and its encoded protein weresignificantly increased in the propiconazole-resistant isolates with a “CC” insertion mutation upstream of the CYP51 codingregion compared to the propiconazole-sensitive isolates. In addition, propiconazole stimulated CYP51 expression in allisolates. Propiconazole also stimulated the accumulation of CYP51 protein in propiconazole-sensitive isolates andpropiconazole-resistant isolates without mutation, but not in propiconazole-resistant isolates with the “CC” mutation.According to JASPAR database analysis, the predicated functional binding sites for propiconazole-resistant isolates with a“CC” insertion mutation and propiconazole-sensitive isolates were different. Given the high fitness of the propiconazoleresistantisolates, the development of resistance to DMIs in U. virens should be monitored. Furthermore, we speculatedthat the over-expression of CYP51 may contribute to DMI resistance in U. virens with the “CC” insertion mutation.
