Flexible and perceptive sensors represent the pinnacle of wearable technology;nevertheless, most of the current hydrogel-based sensors encounter difficulties in concurrently achieving mechanical durability, biocompati...Flexible and perceptive sensors represent the pinnacle of wearable technology;nevertheless, most of the current hydrogel-based sensors encounter difficulties in concurrently achieving mechanical durability, biocompatibility, high sensitivity, and scalability. This work introduces an innovative multimodal hydrogel–textile composite sensor(WPU–ChCl hydrogel) developed using the free radical polymerization of acrylamide, integrating choline chloride(ChCl), EMIM TFSI ionic liquid, and waterborne polyurethane(WPU) to overcome existing constraints. The resultant hydrogel demonstrates a synergistic network of covalent and dynamic non-covalent connections, with remarkable stretchability(~900%), mechanical toughness(>250 kJ/m^(3)), and ionic conductivity(9.2 m S/cm at 600% strain). Comprehensive morphological and chemical analysis validated uniform structure, increased segmental ordering, and improved heat stability. The hydrogel exhibited swift strain responsiveness(gauge factor = 7.23), quick response/recovery times(~108/114 ms), exceptional durability over 500 cycles, and enhanced selfhealing and adherence to various surfaces. Into textiles, the composite demonstrated exceptional real-time touch and motion detection capabilities and retained sensing accuracy after 20 wash cycles. Code transmission and machine learningbased high-accuracy gesture recognition(93.65%) were examples of advanced uses. The wireless-enabled system demonstrated efficacy in IoT-based health monitoring, soft robotics, and human–machine interactions, representing a substantial advancement in next-generation wearable electronics.展开更多
文摘Flexible and perceptive sensors represent the pinnacle of wearable technology;nevertheless, most of the current hydrogel-based sensors encounter difficulties in concurrently achieving mechanical durability, biocompatibility, high sensitivity, and scalability. This work introduces an innovative multimodal hydrogel–textile composite sensor(WPU–ChCl hydrogel) developed using the free radical polymerization of acrylamide, integrating choline chloride(ChCl), EMIM TFSI ionic liquid, and waterborne polyurethane(WPU) to overcome existing constraints. The resultant hydrogel demonstrates a synergistic network of covalent and dynamic non-covalent connections, with remarkable stretchability(~900%), mechanical toughness(>250 kJ/m^(3)), and ionic conductivity(9.2 m S/cm at 600% strain). Comprehensive morphological and chemical analysis validated uniform structure, increased segmental ordering, and improved heat stability. The hydrogel exhibited swift strain responsiveness(gauge factor = 7.23), quick response/recovery times(~108/114 ms), exceptional durability over 500 cycles, and enhanced selfhealing and adherence to various surfaces. Into textiles, the composite demonstrated exceptional real-time touch and motion detection capabilities and retained sensing accuracy after 20 wash cycles. Code transmission and machine learningbased high-accuracy gesture recognition(93.65%) were examples of advanced uses. The wireless-enabled system demonstrated efficacy in IoT-based health monitoring, soft robotics, and human–machine interactions, representing a substantial advancement in next-generation wearable electronics.
