Supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)plays an important role in nanosecond-pulse discharges.This paper aims at reviewing ex-periments results on characteritics of SAEB and its spectra in different gases in nanoseco...Supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)plays an important role in nanosecond-pulse discharges.This paper aims at reviewing ex-periments results on characteritics of SAEB and its spectra in different gases in nanosecond-pulse discharges.All the joint experiments were carried in the Institute of High Current Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.In these experiments,the generation of a SAEB in SF 6 in an inhomogeneous electric field was studied on three generators with pulse rise times of 0.3,0.5 and~2 ns.Firstly,the comparison of SAEB parameters in SF 6 with those obtained in other gases(air,nitrogen,argon,and krypton)is introduced.Secondly,the SAEB spectra in SF 6 and air at pressures of 10 kPa(75 torr),and 0.1 MPa(750 torr)are reviewed and discussed.Finally,1.5-D theoretical simulation of the supershort pulse of the fast electron beam in a coaxial diode filled with SF 6 at atmospheric pressure is described.The simulation was carried out in the framework of hybrid model for discharge and runaway electron kinetics.The above research progress can provide better understanding of the investigation into the mechanism of nanosecond-pulse discharges.展开更多
Stable neutron generation with a yield of ~1.2×10^(4) neutrons per pulse was obtained during d(d,n)^(3)He reaction initiated by the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in a gap with a potential tungsten cylinder(an...Stable neutron generation with a yield of ~1.2×10^(4) neutrons per pulse was obtained during d(d,n)^(3)He reaction initiated by the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in a gap with a potential tungsten cylinder(anode)and a grounded deuterated zirconium plate(cathode)filled with deuterium at a pressure of ~10^(2) Pa.Estimated duration of the neutron pulse was ~1.5 ns.Less intensive neutron emission was registered without deuterated plate.Splashing of material of the tungsten electrode was observed during the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in the deuterium,hydrogen,helium and argon at pressures of 10^(2)-10^(4) Pa.展开更多
Results of experimental study of nanosecond diffuse discharge in SF_(6)and gas mixtures of SF_(6)with H_(2),D_(2)and C_(2)H_(6)are presented.The aim of this work is to study parameters of discharge between two extende...Results of experimental study of nanosecond diffuse discharge in SF_(6)and gas mixtures of SF_(6)with H_(2),D_(2)and C_(2)H_(6)are presented.The aim of this work is to study parameters of discharge between two extended electrodes with a small radius of curvature in SF_(6)and SF_(6)with additives.It was shown that diffuse discharge can be formed in SF_(6)at elevated pressure between blade electrodes with length of 30 cm.It was also confirmed that in a sharply non-uniform electric field a beam of runaway electrons is generated and that the gap breakdown occurs due to ionisation waves which begin on electrodes with small radius of curvature.Laser action in the infrared spectral region was obtained in SF_(6)-H_(2)(D_(2),C_(2)H_(6))mixtures.The laser output up to 110 mJ was easily achieved which corresponds to ultimate intrinsic efficiency(with respect to deposited energy)of 10%.展开更多
This study deals with experimental and theoretical simulation data showing the influence of electrode spacing and gas pressure on parameters of a supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)formed in SF_(6) and nitrogen a...This study deals with experimental and theoretical simulation data showing the influence of electrode spacing and gas pressure on parameters of a supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)formed in SF_(6) and nitrogen at different rise times and amplitudes of a voltage pulse.Using GIN-55-01,VPG-30-200,and SLEP-150M pulsers,tubular cathodes with a diameter of 6 mm,as well as gaps of 3,5,and 8 mm,it was shown that the SAEB current amplitude can both increase and decrease depending on an electrode spacing,a waveform and a rise time of the voltage pulse,as well as the pressure of SF6 and nitrogen.It was established as a result of simulation that maximal voltage across the gap during the process of generation of runaway electrons and the thickness of an anode foil have a major effect on the SAEB current pulse amplitude.展开更多
The parameters of runaway electrons produced in nanosecond high-voltage discharges in different gases(air,nitrogen,sulphur hexafluoride,krypton,argon,methane,neon,hydrogen,helium)at atmospheric and higher pressure wer...The parameters of runaway electrons produced in nanosecond high-voltage discharges in different gases(air,nitrogen,sulphur hexafluoride,krypton,argon,methane,neon,hydrogen,helium)at atmospheric and higher pressure were studied.An optical analysis was also performed to investigate the ionisation dynamics in diffuse discharges in nitrogen and nitrogen-containing mixtures.At breakdown of a point-to-plane gap by nanosecond(≃2 ns)high-voltage(≃200 kV)pulses of negative voltage polarity and gas pressure above 0.1 MPa,a supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)was detected by a collector behind the flat anode.For pressure>0.1 MPa of nitrogen and other gases it is shown that the maximum pressure for SAEB registration decreases with increasing the voltage pulse rise time.Therefore,to detect a SAEB at atmospheric and higher gas pressure,one should use voltage pulses with an amplitude of hundred kilovolts and rise time of∼1 ns and shorter.The experimental research in the dynamics of optical radiation from the discharge plasma shows that the breakdown in which runaway electrons are produced develops as an ionisation wave.展开更多
基金The work on the experimental setup#1 and#2 was sup-ported by grants RFBR#15-58-53031_ГФЕН_аThe work on the experimental setup#3 was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contract#51511130040.
文摘Supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)plays an important role in nanosecond-pulse discharges.This paper aims at reviewing ex-periments results on characteritics of SAEB and its spectra in different gases in nanosecond-pulse discharges.All the joint experiments were carried in the Institute of High Current Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.In these experiments,the generation of a SAEB in SF 6 in an inhomogeneous electric field was studied on three generators with pulse rise times of 0.3,0.5 and~2 ns.Firstly,the comparison of SAEB parameters in SF 6 with those obtained in other gases(air,nitrogen,argon,and krypton)is introduced.Secondly,the SAEB spectra in SF 6 and air at pressures of 10 kPa(75 torr),and 0.1 MPa(750 torr)are reviewed and discussed.Finally,1.5-D theoretical simulation of the supershort pulse of the fast electron beam in a coaxial diode filled with SF 6 at atmospheric pressure is described.The simulation was carried out in the framework of hybrid model for discharge and runaway electron kinetics.The above research progress can provide better understanding of the investigation into the mechanism of nanosecond-pulse discharges.
文摘Stable neutron generation with a yield of ~1.2×10^(4) neutrons per pulse was obtained during d(d,n)^(3)He reaction initiated by the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in a gap with a potential tungsten cylinder(anode)and a grounded deuterated zirconium plate(cathode)filled with deuterium at a pressure of ~10^(2) Pa.Estimated duration of the neutron pulse was ~1.5 ns.Less intensive neutron emission was registered without deuterated plate.Splashing of material of the tungsten electrode was observed during the high-voltage nanosecond discharge in the deuterium,hydrogen,helium and argon at pressures of 10^(2)-10^(4) Pa.
文摘Results of experimental study of nanosecond diffuse discharge in SF_(6)and gas mixtures of SF_(6)with H_(2),D_(2)and C_(2)H_(6)are presented.The aim of this work is to study parameters of discharge between two extended electrodes with a small radius of curvature in SF_(6)and SF_(6)with additives.It was shown that diffuse discharge can be formed in SF_(6)at elevated pressure between blade electrodes with length of 30 cm.It was also confirmed that in a sharply non-uniform electric field a beam of runaway electrons is generated and that the gap breakdown occurs due to ionisation waves which begin on electrodes with small radius of curvature.Laser action in the infrared spectral region was obtained in SF_(6)-H_(2)(D_(2),C_(2)H_(6))mixtures.The laser output up to 110 mJ was easily achieved which corresponds to ultimate intrinsic efficiency(with respect to deposited energy)of 10%.
基金Experiments on setups No.1 and No.3 were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Contract#15-58-53031_GFEN_а.Experiments on setup No.2supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contracts No.51511130040State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology(Huazhong University of Science and Technology)(2016KF007).
文摘This study deals with experimental and theoretical simulation data showing the influence of electrode spacing and gas pressure on parameters of a supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)formed in SF_(6) and nitrogen at different rise times and amplitudes of a voltage pulse.Using GIN-55-01,VPG-30-200,and SLEP-150M pulsers,tubular cathodes with a diameter of 6 mm,as well as gaps of 3,5,and 8 mm,it was shown that the SAEB current amplitude can both increase and decrease depending on an electrode spacing,a waveform and a rise time of the voltage pulse,as well as the pressure of SF6 and nitrogen.It was established as a result of simulation that maximal voltage across the gap during the process of generation of runaway electrons and the thickness of an anode foil have a major effect on the SAEB current pulse amplitude.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(the project#14-29-00052).
文摘The parameters of runaway electrons produced in nanosecond high-voltage discharges in different gases(air,nitrogen,sulphur hexafluoride,krypton,argon,methane,neon,hydrogen,helium)at atmospheric and higher pressure were studied.An optical analysis was also performed to investigate the ionisation dynamics in diffuse discharges in nitrogen and nitrogen-containing mixtures.At breakdown of a point-to-plane gap by nanosecond(≃2 ns)high-voltage(≃200 kV)pulses of negative voltage polarity and gas pressure above 0.1 MPa,a supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)was detected by a collector behind the flat anode.For pressure>0.1 MPa of nitrogen and other gases it is shown that the maximum pressure for SAEB registration decreases with increasing the voltage pulse rise time.Therefore,to detect a SAEB at atmospheric and higher gas pressure,one should use voltage pulses with an amplitude of hundred kilovolts and rise time of∼1 ns and shorter.The experimental research in the dynamics of optical radiation from the discharge plasma shows that the breakdown in which runaway electrons are produced develops as an ionisation wave.
