Charge-exchange(CX) recombination spectroscopy is a powerful tool monitoring ion temperature and plasma rotation with good temporal and spatial resolutions. A compact, new design for a high-throughput, tri-band high s...Charge-exchange(CX) recombination spectroscopy is a powerful tool monitoring ion temperature and plasma rotation with good temporal and spatial resolutions. A compact, new design for a high-throughput, tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer has been developed for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurement on the HL-2A tokamak. The simultaneous measurements of He II(468.57 nm), C VI(529.1 nm), and Dα(656.1 nm accompanied by beam emission spectra) with an acquisition frequency up to 400 Hz are achieved by vertically binning the spectrum from each fiber in experiments. Initial results indicate that the system can provide radial profiles of not only ion temperature and rotation velocity,but also concentration of carbon. For the case of helium, the measurements for the ion temperature and rotation velocity are straightforward but the apparent concentration associated with the observed CX intensity is obviously too high. Modeling of the active He II CX feature including plume contributions needs to be carried out to extract the true helium concentration.The spectrometer could become a prototype for the ITER charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic and the pilot experiments, as presented here, demonstrate the possibility of impurity concentrations measurements based on the combined measurement of local beam emission and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy spectra.展开更多
背景：骨折术后常因内固定部位持续疼痛而不得不行内固定取出术。本前瞻性研究将就内固定取出对患者功能以及疼痛缓解的影响进行评估。方法：本组研究包括60例骨折术后内固定部位疼痛的患者。医师对患者详细检查以排除感染、骨折不愈合...背景：骨折术后常因内固定部位持续疼痛而不得不行内固定取出术。本前瞻性研究将就内固定取出对患者功能以及疼痛缓解的影响进行评估。方法：本组研究包括60例骨折术后内固定部位疼痛的患者。医师对患者详细检查以排除感染、骨折不愈合等原因所致疼痛。分别记录术前、术后3、6、12个月患者资料，包括VAS评分（visual analog painscale score，VAS）、肌肉骨骼功能评估简明问卷（Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Questionnaire，SMFA）和36医疗结局研究量表（Medical Outcomes Study ShortForm-36，SF-36）。术后1年，进行患者满意度问卷调查并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果：所有患者无一例出现内固定取出相关并发症。3例患者中期失访，其余57例全程随访。术后1年，所有患者对手术效果表示满意；如果必要，愿意再次接受手术；功能明显改善。VAS评分由术前平均5．5±2．5下降为术后平均1．3±1．8，术后1年总体改善幅度达到76％（p=0．00001）。术后1年，57例患者中30例（53％）疼痛完全消除。另外，SMFA问卷结果与术前相比，改善程度达43％（p=0．0001），SF-36研究量表评估显示查体部分结果较术前改善40％（p=0．0001）。结论：骨折愈合后，行内固定取出安全且风险较小，有助于获得令人满意的疼痛缓解和功能改善效果。展开更多
In this paper I want to give some idea of the scope of Forensic linguistics and then provide some illustrative examples that result from the curious discursive encounters found in Australian Aboriginal land claims and...In this paper I want to give some idea of the scope of Forensic linguistics and then provide some illustrative examples that result from the curious discursive encounters found in Australian Aboriginal land claims and Native Title cases.It is more usual in a courtroom or other legal context to have the particular discourse of lawyers coming into contact with that of laypersons.In Australian Aboriginal land claims and Native Title cases,however,there is a wider range of discursive practices.These include the discourse of Australian Aborigines some of whom are non-literate which is unused to non-Aboriginal people of any kind.As one would expect,there is the discourse of the law which purports to be on an inquiry to uncover the truth.But as we shall see,this ideology must be questioned when we look more closely at the practice of the law. There are then the discourses of various kinds of expert witnesses,including anthropologists,archaeologists,historians and linguists.To further complicate matters,a crucial part of these cases is for Aboriginal claimants to establish a spiritual connection to the tracts of land they are seeking to claim.In effect religious beliefs of a kind quite foreign to most of the nonAboriginal participants in the case must be examined,debated and evaluated,so this will require a search for other kinds of truth.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12275070, 12205084, 12305236 and 11675050)in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2022YFE03180200, 2022YFE03020001 and 2019YFE03010004)Innovation Program of Southwestern Institute of Physics (No. 202301XWCX001)。
文摘Charge-exchange(CX) recombination spectroscopy is a powerful tool monitoring ion temperature and plasma rotation with good temporal and spatial resolutions. A compact, new design for a high-throughput, tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer has been developed for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurement on the HL-2A tokamak. The simultaneous measurements of He II(468.57 nm), C VI(529.1 nm), and Dα(656.1 nm accompanied by beam emission spectra) with an acquisition frequency up to 400 Hz are achieved by vertically binning the spectrum from each fiber in experiments. Initial results indicate that the system can provide radial profiles of not only ion temperature and rotation velocity,but also concentration of carbon. For the case of helium, the measurements for the ion temperature and rotation velocity are straightforward but the apparent concentration associated with the observed CX intensity is obviously too high. Modeling of the active He II CX feature including plume contributions needs to be carried out to extract the true helium concentration.The spectrometer could become a prototype for the ITER charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic and the pilot experiments, as presented here, demonstrate the possibility of impurity concentrations measurements based on the combined measurement of local beam emission and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy spectra.
文摘背景：骨折术后常因内固定部位持续疼痛而不得不行内固定取出术。本前瞻性研究将就内固定取出对患者功能以及疼痛缓解的影响进行评估。方法：本组研究包括60例骨折术后内固定部位疼痛的患者。医师对患者详细检查以排除感染、骨折不愈合等原因所致疼痛。分别记录术前、术后3、6、12个月患者资料，包括VAS评分（visual analog painscale score，VAS）、肌肉骨骼功能评估简明问卷（Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Questionnaire，SMFA）和36医疗结局研究量表（Medical Outcomes Study ShortForm-36，SF-36）。术后1年，进行患者满意度问卷调查并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果：所有患者无一例出现内固定取出相关并发症。3例患者中期失访，其余57例全程随访。术后1年，所有患者对手术效果表示满意；如果必要，愿意再次接受手术；功能明显改善。VAS评分由术前平均5．5±2．5下降为术后平均1．3±1．8，术后1年总体改善幅度达到76％（p=0．00001）。术后1年，57例患者中30例（53％）疼痛完全消除。另外，SMFA问卷结果与术前相比，改善程度达43％（p=0．0001），SF-36研究量表评估显示查体部分结果较术前改善40％（p=0．0001）。结论：骨折愈合后，行内固定取出安全且风险较小，有助于获得令人满意的疼痛缓解和功能改善效果。
文摘In this paper I want to give some idea of the scope of Forensic linguistics and then provide some illustrative examples that result from the curious discursive encounters found in Australian Aboriginal land claims and Native Title cases.It is more usual in a courtroom or other legal context to have the particular discourse of lawyers coming into contact with that of laypersons.In Australian Aboriginal land claims and Native Title cases,however,there is a wider range of discursive practices.These include the discourse of Australian Aborigines some of whom are non-literate which is unused to non-Aboriginal people of any kind.As one would expect,there is the discourse of the law which purports to be on an inquiry to uncover the truth.But as we shall see,this ideology must be questioned when we look more closely at the practice of the law. There are then the discourses of various kinds of expert witnesses,including anthropologists,archaeologists,historians and linguists.To further complicate matters,a crucial part of these cases is for Aboriginal claimants to establish a spiritual connection to the tracts of land they are seeking to claim.In effect religious beliefs of a kind quite foreign to most of the nonAboriginal participants in the case must be examined,debated and evaluated,so this will require a search for other kinds of truth.
