Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the d...Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the difficulties of conducting field research in the harsh climate and habitat present at high elevations.The Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a little-known phasianid distributing in alpine areas at extremely high elevations in the mountains surrounding the Tibetan Plateau.Estimating the species occupancy rate and discussing the factors affecting its distribution based on infrared-triggered camera techniques would provide both a baseline to measure the influence of global warming and valuable information on its conservation and ecology.Methods:We used infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the Tibetan Snowcock on the western slope of Mt.Gongga from June to November 2016.We used the R package "overlap" to visualize its activity pattern,and used an occupancy model to both examine its habitat use as well as to determine the most influential variables affecting its habitat use.Results:Using 103 camera traps over 9213 camera-days,we recorded 428 instances of Tibetan Snowcock.The diel activity peaks of Tibetan Snowcock occurred during the periods of 8:00-10:00 am and 18:00-20:00 pm.The model estimate of occupancy for Tibetan Snowcock(0.830) was slightly higher than the na?ve site occupancy based on camera detections(0.663),indicating a wider use of habitat than the camera traps recorded.Elevation,slope,settlement density,road density,and EVI(enhanced vegetation index) were the most influential variables for its habitat use.Conclusions:The Tibetan Snowcock is confirmed to be diurnal.This species prefers an environment with a high elevation,gentle slope,and low EVI,apparently facing a trade-off between predator risk,foraging efficiency,and food availability.When human impact was low,there was a positive correlation between the habitat use of the Tibetan Snowcock and both its road and settlement densities.Infrared cameras and proper survey design are valuable for investigating extreme alpine phasianids.展开更多
The enantiomers of carboline-based cryptates were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC.These complexes show high configurational stability under harsh conditions and their absolute configuration was determined by comp...The enantiomers of carboline-based cryptates were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC.These complexes show high configurational stability under harsh conditions and their absolute configuration was determined by comparing theoretical and expe rimental electronic circular dichroism spectra.The e nantiopure cryptates exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence with a maximum dissymmetry factor glum=0.25 for the f-f transition 5 D0→7 F1(λ=594 nm)under visible light excitation atλgx=400 nm.展开更多
In August 2009, a 28-year-old Spanish woman was referred in reduced general condition after at least four medical consultations with a 2 week history of remittent fever, night sweats, exanthema and intermittent arthra...In August 2009, a 28-year-old Spanish woman was referred in reduced general condition after at least four medical consultations with a 2 week history of remittent fever, night sweats, exanthema and intermittent arthralgias. Noticeable in the clinical examination was only an urticarial rash on the trunk and extremities and body temperature of 39.6°C. Laboratory tests: WBC with a slight left shift (32%), mild thrombocytopenia (128 G/l), CRP 78 mg/l (N: < 5), elevated transaminases [ASAT 67 U/l (N: 10-37), ALAT 45 U/l (N: 30-65)]. On the fifth day maximum values for ASAT 322 U/l and ALAT 378 U/l were reached. During hospitalisation recurrent fever up to 39.0°C has been documented associated with arthralgias and myalgias. An infection with blood cultures and serology tests was excluded. Rheumatology analysis, urine analysis, chest X-ray, and abdominal ultrasound were inconspicuous. A serum ferritin level of 5493 μg/l (N: 23-110) was detected with peak four days later (8530 μg/l). AOSD was suspected and prednisolone (1 mg/kg body weight) started. The patients recovered rapidly. Transaminases (ASAT 47 U/l, ALAT 149 U/l), CRP (34 mg/l), and ferritin level (1969 μg/l) regressed within 3 days. 3 months later, prednisolone was discontinued;she presented fever (40°C), myalgias, macular rash on the trunk, sore throat and oligoarthritis. Laboratory tests including WBC were without pathologic findings except for transaminases (ASAT 83 U/l, ALAT 53 U/l), CRP (370 mg/l) and ferritin (7434 μg/l). An infectious process was excluded. After resumption of prednisolone 10 mg daily, quick relief of symptoms occurred. Given the short time of relapse, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin was initiated (4 mg/kg body weight). Since that time the patient remained symptom free for over 8 months.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31772478,31501851)the Administration of the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve
文摘Background:Global climate change has had significant effects on animal distribution and population dynamics in mid-latitude alpine areas,but we know little about the basic ecology of high-altitude species due to the difficulties of conducting field research in the harsh climate and habitat present at high elevations.The Tibetan Snowcock(Tetraogallus tibetanus) is a little-known phasianid distributing in alpine areas at extremely high elevations in the mountains surrounding the Tibetan Plateau.Estimating the species occupancy rate and discussing the factors affecting its distribution based on infrared-triggered camera techniques would provide both a baseline to measure the influence of global warming and valuable information on its conservation and ecology.Methods:We used infrared-triggered cameras to investigate the Tibetan Snowcock on the western slope of Mt.Gongga from June to November 2016.We used the R package "overlap" to visualize its activity pattern,and used an occupancy model to both examine its habitat use as well as to determine the most influential variables affecting its habitat use.Results:Using 103 camera traps over 9213 camera-days,we recorded 428 instances of Tibetan Snowcock.The diel activity peaks of Tibetan Snowcock occurred during the periods of 8:00-10:00 am and 18:00-20:00 pm.The model estimate of occupancy for Tibetan Snowcock(0.830) was slightly higher than the na?ve site occupancy based on camera detections(0.663),indicating a wider use of habitat than the camera traps recorded.Elevation,slope,settlement density,road density,and EVI(enhanced vegetation index) were the most influential variables for its habitat use.Conclusions:The Tibetan Snowcock is confirmed to be diurnal.This species prefers an environment with a high elevation,gentle slope,and low EVI,apparently facing a trade-off between predator risk,foraging efficiency,and food availability.When human impact was low,there was a positive correlation between the habitat use of the Tibetan Snowcock and both its road and settlement densities.Infrared cameras and proper survey design are valuable for investigating extreme alpine phasianids.
基金Project supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG,research grant SE1448/7-1 for M.S.)German Academic Scholarship Foundation(Studienstiftung des deutsches Volkes,predoctoral fellowship for E.K.)。
文摘The enantiomers of carboline-based cryptates were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC.These complexes show high configurational stability under harsh conditions and their absolute configuration was determined by comparing theoretical and expe rimental electronic circular dichroism spectra.The e nantiopure cryptates exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence with a maximum dissymmetry factor glum=0.25 for the f-f transition 5 D0→7 F1(λ=594 nm)under visible light excitation atλgx=400 nm.
文摘In August 2009, a 28-year-old Spanish woman was referred in reduced general condition after at least four medical consultations with a 2 week history of remittent fever, night sweats, exanthema and intermittent arthralgias. Noticeable in the clinical examination was only an urticarial rash on the trunk and extremities and body temperature of 39.6°C. Laboratory tests: WBC with a slight left shift (32%), mild thrombocytopenia (128 G/l), CRP 78 mg/l (N: < 5), elevated transaminases [ASAT 67 U/l (N: 10-37), ALAT 45 U/l (N: 30-65)]. On the fifth day maximum values for ASAT 322 U/l and ALAT 378 U/l were reached. During hospitalisation recurrent fever up to 39.0°C has been documented associated with arthralgias and myalgias. An infection with blood cultures and serology tests was excluded. Rheumatology analysis, urine analysis, chest X-ray, and abdominal ultrasound were inconspicuous. A serum ferritin level of 5493 μg/l (N: 23-110) was detected with peak four days later (8530 μg/l). AOSD was suspected and prednisolone (1 mg/kg body weight) started. The patients recovered rapidly. Transaminases (ASAT 47 U/l, ALAT 149 U/l), CRP (34 mg/l), and ferritin level (1969 μg/l) regressed within 3 days. 3 months later, prednisolone was discontinued;she presented fever (40°C), myalgias, macular rash on the trunk, sore throat and oligoarthritis. Laboratory tests including WBC were without pathologic findings except for transaminases (ASAT 83 U/l, ALAT 53 U/l), CRP (370 mg/l) and ferritin (7434 μg/l). An infectious process was excluded. After resumption of prednisolone 10 mg daily, quick relief of symptoms occurred. Given the short time of relapse, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin was initiated (4 mg/kg body weight). Since that time the patient remained symptom free for over 8 months.
