The importance of software based on machine learning is growing rapidly,but the potential of prototypes may not be realized in operation.This study identified six categories of challenges for verification and validati...The importance of software based on machine learning is growing rapidly,but the potential of prototypes may not be realized in operation.This study identified six categories of challenges for verification and validation of machine learning applications during production.Subsequently,monitoring was analyzed as a possible solution to mitigate those challenges.Capturing relevant data and model metrics may reveal problems at an early stage,allowing for targeted countermeasures.This study presents a taxonomy of methods and metrics currently addressed in scientific literature and compares these categories with case studies from practice.展开更多
Does a Latin American Philosophy that is more than a copy of European thought exist？ This question determines the historical-systematic presentation of important philosophical approaches in the 20th century in the Sp...Does a Latin American Philosophy that is more than a copy of European thought exist？ This question determines the historical-systematic presentation of important philosophical approaches in the 20th century in the Spanish speaking part of Latin America. Jos6 Marti＇s essay, ＂Our America＂ （1891）, offers the essential topics of Latin American philosophy （liberation, literal plurality, continental and national identity, anti-positivistic emotionalism and intuitionalism, mestizo-philosophy, indigenous wisdom, unity of universal and regional principles, social-practical, ethical and intercultural orientation）. These topics are paradigmatically outlined by means of the portraits of pioneering poets, philosophers, and traditions of Latin America. The most convincing approach of the present seeks for an intercultural formatting and performance of philosophical issues, which includes a sensibility for the hybrid character of many Latin American realities and the attempt to identify universal insights in local traditions. Latin American intercultural philosophy avoids relativism and relies on discovering and developing communal ethical standards which link cultures.展开更多
In their recent publication in Cell,Sundaram,and colleagues identified a novel role for NOD-like receptor(NLR)family CARD domain containing 5(NLRC5)in heme-mediated cell death and inflammation.1 This process is initia...In their recent publication in Cell,Sundaram,and colleagues identified a novel role for NOD-like receptor(NLR)family CARD domain containing 5(NLRC5)in heme-mediated cell death and inflammation.1 This process is initiated by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on the cell surface,which induces intracellular NAD+depletion and ROS production.展开更多
文摘The importance of software based on machine learning is growing rapidly,but the potential of prototypes may not be realized in operation.This study identified six categories of challenges for verification and validation of machine learning applications during production.Subsequently,monitoring was analyzed as a possible solution to mitigate those challenges.Capturing relevant data and model metrics may reveal problems at an early stage,allowing for targeted countermeasures.This study presents a taxonomy of methods and metrics currently addressed in scientific literature and compares these categories with case studies from practice.
文摘Does a Latin American Philosophy that is more than a copy of European thought exist？ This question determines the historical-systematic presentation of important philosophical approaches in the 20th century in the Spanish speaking part of Latin America. Jos6 Marti＇s essay, ＂Our America＂ （1891）, offers the essential topics of Latin American philosophy （liberation, literal plurality, continental and national identity, anti-positivistic emotionalism and intuitionalism, mestizo-philosophy, indigenous wisdom, unity of universal and regional principles, social-practical, ethical and intercultural orientation）. These topics are paradigmatically outlined by means of the portraits of pioneering poets, philosophers, and traditions of Latin America. The most convincing approach of the present seeks for an intercultural formatting and performance of philosophical issues, which includes a sensibility for the hybrid character of many Latin American realities and the attempt to identify universal insights in local traditions. Latin American intercultural philosophy avoids relativism and relies on discovering and developing communal ethical standards which link cultures.
基金We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Freiburg enabled and organized by Projekt DEALR.S.is supported by the IMMediate Advanced Clinician Scientist-Program,Department of Medicine II,Medical Center,University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine,University of Freiburg,funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung(Federal Ministry of Education and Research),01EO2103Furthermore,R.S.is supported by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation.M.S.is supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG,SCHU3696/2-1).Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘In their recent publication in Cell,Sundaram,and colleagues identified a novel role for NOD-like receptor(NLR)family CARD domain containing 5(NLRC5)in heme-mediated cell death and inflammation.1 This process is initiated by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 on the cell surface,which induces intracellular NAD+depletion and ROS production.
