Cannabaceae is an economically important family that includes ten genera and ca. 117 accepted species.To explore the structure and size variation of their plastomes, we sequenced ten plastomes representing all ten gen...Cannabaceae is an economically important family that includes ten genera and ca. 117 accepted species.To explore the structure and size variation of their plastomes, we sequenced ten plastomes representing all ten genera of Cannabaceae. Each plastome possessed the typical angiosperm quadripartite structure and contained a total of 128 genes. The Inverted Repeat(IR) regions in five plastomes had experienced small expansions(330 e983 bp) into the Large Single-Copy(LSC) region. The plastome of Chaetachme aristata has experienced a 942-bp IR contraction and lost rpl22 and rps19 in its IRs. The substitution rates of rps19 and rpl22 decreased after they shifted from the LSC to IR. A 270-bp inversion was detected in the Parasponia rugosa plastome, which might have been mediated by 18-bp inverted repeats. Repeat sequences, simple sequence repeats, and nucleotide substitution rates varied among these plastomes.Molecular markers with more than 13% variable sites and 5% parsimony-informative sites were identified, which may be useful for further phylogenetic analysis and species identification. Our results show strong support for a sister relationship between Gironniera and Lozanell(BS ? 100). Celtis, CannabisHumulus, Chaetachme-Pteroceltis, and Trema-Parasponia formed a strongly supported clade, and their relationships were well resolved with strong support(BS ? 100). The availability of these ten plastomes provides valuable genetic information for accurately identifying species, clarifying taxonomy and reconstructing the intergeneric phylogeny of Cannabaceae.展开更多
The last decade has seen a steady proliferation in the use of tissue-engineered cell culture systems（Deforest and Anseth,2012）,and these have been put to good use for studying neural axon growth and guidance（Li and...The last decade has seen a steady proliferation in the use of tissue-engineered cell culture systems（Deforest and Anseth,2012）,and these have been put to good use for studying neural axon growth and guidance（Li and Hoffman-Kim,2008;Roy et al.,2013）.These systems have been designed to more closely mimic the natural microenvironment of the developing or repairing nervous system and to enable spatiotemporal control over certain aspects of the microenvironment.展开更多
The aquatic fauna of large river systems have been the cornerstones of multiple civilizations throughout human history.Today,they remain critically important as primary resources for humans as well as indicators of ge...The aquatic fauna of large river systems have been the cornerstones of multiple civilizations throughout human history.Today,they remain critically important as primary resources for humans as well as indicators of general ecosystem structure and function.Unfortunately,nearly all large-river systems globally are at risk from over-exploitation,pollution,large-scale development,navigation,dredging,climate change,and other threats.For instance,human stressors(such as dams,navigation,agriculture,fshing)and fooding and droughts have afected aquatic biological resources in both the Mississippi and Yangzte River basins(Chen et al.2016).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinakey international (regional) cooperative research project (31720103903)The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB0201)
文摘Cannabaceae is an economically important family that includes ten genera and ca. 117 accepted species.To explore the structure and size variation of their plastomes, we sequenced ten plastomes representing all ten genera of Cannabaceae. Each plastome possessed the typical angiosperm quadripartite structure and contained a total of 128 genes. The Inverted Repeat(IR) regions in five plastomes had experienced small expansions(330 e983 bp) into the Large Single-Copy(LSC) region. The plastome of Chaetachme aristata has experienced a 942-bp IR contraction and lost rpl22 and rps19 in its IRs. The substitution rates of rps19 and rpl22 decreased after they shifted from the LSC to IR. A 270-bp inversion was detected in the Parasponia rugosa plastome, which might have been mediated by 18-bp inverted repeats. Repeat sequences, simple sequence repeats, and nucleotide substitution rates varied among these plastomes.Molecular markers with more than 13% variable sites and 5% parsimony-informative sites were identified, which may be useful for further phylogenetic analysis and species identification. Our results show strong support for a sister relationship between Gironniera and Lozanell(BS ? 100). Celtis, CannabisHumulus, Chaetachme-Pteroceltis, and Trema-Parasponia formed a strongly supported clade, and their relationships were well resolved with strong support(BS ? 100). The availability of these ten plastomes provides valuable genetic information for accurately identifying species, clarifying taxonomy and reconstructing the intergeneric phylogeny of Cannabaceae.
基金funded by the Oliver Fund of Tulane University,the Louisiana Board of Regents (LEQSF[2009-11]-RD-A-18)the NIH (NS065374)the NSF (CBET-1055990)
文摘The last decade has seen a steady proliferation in the use of tissue-engineered cell culture systems（Deforest and Anseth,2012）,and these have been put to good use for studying neural axon growth and guidance（Li and Hoffman-Kim,2008;Roy et al.,2013）.These systems have been designed to more closely mimic the natural microenvironment of the developing or repairing nervous system and to enable spatiotemporal control over certain aspects of the microenvironment.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3209002,2019YFD0901203)Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDB-SSW-SMC041,ZDRW-ZS-2017-3-2)
文摘The aquatic fauna of large river systems have been the cornerstones of multiple civilizations throughout human history.Today,they remain critically important as primary resources for humans as well as indicators of general ecosystem structure and function.Unfortunately,nearly all large-river systems globally are at risk from over-exploitation,pollution,large-scale development,navigation,dredging,climate change,and other threats.For instance,human stressors(such as dams,navigation,agriculture,fshing)and fooding and droughts have afected aquatic biological resources in both the Mississippi and Yangzte River basins(Chen et al.2016).
