AIM: To establish an ultrasonographic classification based on a large sample of patients with confirmed hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).METHODS: Clinical data and ultrasonography(US) findings of 185 patients(100 m...AIM: To establish an ultrasonographic classification based on a large sample of patients with confirmed hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).METHODS: Clinical data and ultrasonography(US) findings of 185 patients(100 males; 85 females; mean age at diagnosis: 51.4 ± 17.6 years; mean age at time of US examination: 58.7 ± 18.2 years) were retrospectively reviewed with respect to the US morphology of hepatic AE lesions. The sonomorphological findings were grouped according to a five-part classification scheme.RESULTS: Application of the new classification resulted in the following distribution of sonomorphological patterns among the patients examined: hailstorm(54.1%); pseudocystic(13.5%); ossification(13.0%); hemangioma-like(8.1%); and metastasis-like(6.5%). Only 4.9% of lesions could not be assigned to a sonomorphological pattern.CONCLUSION: The sonomorphological classification proposed in the present study facilitates the diagnosis,interpretation and comparison of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in routine practice and in the context of scientific studies.展开更多
In the frame of landslide susceptibility assessment, a spectral library was created to support the identification of materials confined to a particular region using remote sensing images. This library, called Pakistan...In the frame of landslide susceptibility assessment, a spectral library was created to support the identification of materials confined to a particular region using remote sensing images. This library, called Pakistan spectral library(pklib) version 0.1, contains the analysis data of sixty rock samples taken in the Balakot region in Northern Pakistan.The spectral library is implemented as SQLite database. Structure and naming are inspired by the convention system of the ASTER Spectral Library. Usability, application and benefit of the pklib were evaluated and depicted taking two approaches, the multivariate and the spectral based. The spectral information were used to create indices. The indices were applied to Landsat and ASTER data tosupportthespatial delineation of outcropping rock sequences instratigraphic formations. The application of the indices introduced in this paper helps to identify spots where specific lithological characteristics occur. Especially in areas with sparse or missing detailed geological mapping, the spectral discrimination via remote sensing data can speed up the survey. The library can be used not only to support the improvement of factor maps for landslide susceptibility analysis, but also to provide a geoscientific basisto further analyze the lithological spotin numerous regions in the Hindu Kush.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between hepatic and biliary lipid metabolism and secretion of genetically gallstone-susceptible (C57L) and resistant (AKR) mice and the mechanism of cholesterol gallstone formatio...OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between hepatic and biliary lipid metabolism and secretion of genetically gallstone-susceptible (C57L) and resistant (AKR) mice and the mechanism of cholesterol gallstone formation. METHODS: The inbred C57L and AKR mice were fed a lithogenic diet containing 15% fat, 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for four weeks. Hepatic cholesterol content and secretion rates of biliary lipids, as well as phenotypes of the liver and gallbladder were determined and examined before and after the feeding of the lithogenic diet. RESULTS: Both before and after ingestion of the lithogenic diet, hepatic secretion rates of all biliary lipids in C57L mice were markedly higher than that of AKR mice (P展开更多
Introduction Endoscopy is a core component of gastroenterology training[1],yet there are no guidelines on how endoscopists should teach the procedure[2].Across most programs in the USA,endoscopy training follows an ap...Introduction Endoscopy is a core component of gastroenterology training[1],yet there are no guidelines on how endoscopists should teach the procedure[2].Across most programs in the USA,endoscopy training follows an apprenticeship model,in which trainees develop skills through supervised,hands-on practice[3].Although some programs use assessment tools to determine proficiency in performing endoscopy procedures,most rely principally on procedural volume and subjective evaluations.As a result,endoscopic training is variable across and within institutions.展开更多
Sustainable development of urban areas demands,among others,a holistic approach for identification and monitoring of environmental changes caused by human activities.In this study,the human-made impact on the geo-envi...Sustainable development of urban areas demands,among others,a holistic approach for identification and monitoring of environmental changes caused by human activities.In this study,the human-made impact on the geo-environment is studied through the application of the change detection study based on Principal Component Analysis on Landsat imageries and comparison of the digital elevation models taken at different times.The analysis is set up to identify and quantify the anthropogenic geomorphological changes in the loess landscape in Lanzhou city,Northwest China.Since 2002 Lanzhou has been undergoing a rapid economic development associated with construction boom.Due to limited flat building ground in the narrowed Yellow River Valley and subsequent expansion into the surrounding loess mountains,massive earthworks are conducted for reclamation of the suitable building ground.The results of the change detection analysis show that approximately 10%of the semi-natural study area corresponding to 35 km2 has been reshaped by leveling and terracing since 1994.In particular,the geomorphology was significantly changed in these and adjacent areas.For the single developing area Taipingyang,a moving volume of up to 57 million m3 was roughly estimated.展开更多
文摘AIM: To establish an ultrasonographic classification based on a large sample of patients with confirmed hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).METHODS: Clinical data and ultrasonography(US) findings of 185 patients(100 males; 85 females; mean age at diagnosis: 51.4 ± 17.6 years; mean age at time of US examination: 58.7 ± 18.2 years) were retrospectively reviewed with respect to the US morphology of hepatic AE lesions. The sonomorphological findings were grouped according to a five-part classification scheme.RESULTS: Application of the new classification resulted in the following distribution of sonomorphological patterns among the patients examined: hailstorm(54.1%); pseudocystic(13.5%); ossification(13.0%); hemangioma-like(8.1%); and metastasis-like(6.5%). Only 4.9% of lesions could not be assigned to a sonomorphological pattern.CONCLUSION: The sonomorphological classification proposed in the present study facilitates the diagnosis,interpretation and comparison of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in routine practice and in the context of scientific studies.
文摘In the frame of landslide susceptibility assessment, a spectral library was created to support the identification of materials confined to a particular region using remote sensing images. This library, called Pakistan spectral library(pklib) version 0.1, contains the analysis data of sixty rock samples taken in the Balakot region in Northern Pakistan.The spectral library is implemented as SQLite database. Structure and naming are inspired by the convention system of the ASTER Spectral Library. Usability, application and benefit of the pklib were evaluated and depicted taking two approaches, the multivariate and the spectral based. The spectral information were used to create indices. The indices were applied to Landsat and ASTER data tosupportthespatial delineation of outcropping rock sequences instratigraphic formations. The application of the indices introduced in this paper helps to identify spots where specific lithological characteristics occur. Especially in areas with sparse or missing detailed geological mapping, the spectral discrimination via remote sensing data can speed up the survey. The library can be used not only to support the improvement of factor maps for landslide susceptibility analysis, but also to provide a geoscientific basisto further analyze the lithological spotin numerous regions in the Hindu Kush.
基金ThisprojectwassupportedbyagrantfromtheNationalEducationCommitteeFundforStudentsStudyingAbroad (No .G5 0 0 40 )
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between hepatic and biliary lipid metabolism and secretion of genetically gallstone-susceptible (C57L) and resistant (AKR) mice and the mechanism of cholesterol gallstone formation. METHODS: The inbred C57L and AKR mice were fed a lithogenic diet containing 15% fat, 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for four weeks. Hepatic cholesterol content and secretion rates of biliary lipids, as well as phenotypes of the liver and gallbladder were determined and examined before and after the feeding of the lithogenic diet. RESULTS: Both before and after ingestion of the lithogenic diet, hepatic secretion rates of all biliary lipids in C57L mice were markedly higher than that of AKR mice (P
基金supported by the Clinical Education Research Scholars Program of the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital(award recipient—Navin L.Kumar).
文摘Introduction Endoscopy is a core component of gastroenterology training[1],yet there are no guidelines on how endoscopists should teach the procedure[2].Across most programs in the USA,endoscopy training follows an apprenticeship model,in which trainees develop skills through supervised,hands-on practice[3].Although some programs use assessment tools to determine proficiency in performing endoscopy procedures,most rely principally on procedural volume and subjective evaluations.As a result,endoscopic training is variable across and within institutions.
文摘Sustainable development of urban areas demands,among others,a holistic approach for identification and monitoring of environmental changes caused by human activities.In this study,the human-made impact on the geo-environment is studied through the application of the change detection study based on Principal Component Analysis on Landsat imageries and comparison of the digital elevation models taken at different times.The analysis is set up to identify and quantify the anthropogenic geomorphological changes in the loess landscape in Lanzhou city,Northwest China.Since 2002 Lanzhou has been undergoing a rapid economic development associated with construction boom.Due to limited flat building ground in the narrowed Yellow River Valley and subsequent expansion into the surrounding loess mountains,massive earthworks are conducted for reclamation of the suitable building ground.The results of the change detection analysis show that approximately 10%of the semi-natural study area corresponding to 35 km2 has been reshaped by leveling and terracing since 1994.In particular,the geomorphology was significantly changed in these and adjacent areas.For the single developing area Taipingyang,a moving volume of up to 57 million m3 was roughly estimated.
