Central nervous system(CNS)cancer is a devastating illness with unmet therapeutic needs.Establishing biomarkers that have the potential to guide accurate CNS cancer diagnosis or are helpful in predicting disease progr...Central nervous system(CNS)cancer is a devastating illness with unmet therapeutic needs.Establishing biomarkers that have the potential to guide accurate CNS cancer diagnosis or are helpful in predicting disease progression or therapy response is of great interest.Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)has been extensively targeted for the detection of molecules that might be useful markers for cancer detection.However,so far very few of such markers have found a standardized routine clinical application.This review examines the current scientific knowledge about the biochemical elements in the CSF that have been reported in the literature as brain cancer biomarkers and highlight reasons why the role of most markers is not yet established in the managment of CNS tumors.展开更多
Local infiltration and distal dissemination of tumor cells hamper efficacy of current treatments against central nervous system(CNS)tumors and greatly influence mortality and therapy-induced long-term morbidity in sur...Local infiltration and distal dissemination of tumor cells hamper efficacy of current treatments against central nervous system(CNS)tumors and greatly influence mortality and therapy-induced long-term morbidity in survivors.A number of in vitro and ex vivo assay systems have been established to better understand the infiltration and metastatic processes,to search for molecules that specifically block tumor cell infiltration and metastatic dissemination and to pre-clinically evaluate their efficaciousness.These systems allow analytical testing of tumor cell viability and motile and invasive capabilities in simplified and well-controlled environments.However,the urgent need for novel anti-metastatic therapies has provided an incentive for the further development of not only classical in vitro methods but also of novel,physiologically more relevant assay systems including organotypic brain slice culture.In this review,using publicly available peer-reviewed primary research and review articles,we provide an overview of a selection of in vitro and ex vivo techniques widely used to study growth and dissemination of primary metastatic brain tumors.Furthermore,we discuss how our steadily increasing knowledge of tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment could be integrated to improve current research methods for metastatic brain tumors.We believe that such rationally improved methods will ultimately increase our understanding of the biology of brain tumors and facilitate the development of more efficacious anti-metastatic treatments.展开更多
It is my privilege to introduce the readers to this special issue entitled“Brain tumor cell invasion and metastasis:anatomical,biological and clinical considerations”.As cancer is a global epidemic which knows no bo...It is my privilege to introduce the readers to this special issue entitled“Brain tumor cell invasion and metastasis:anatomical,biological and clinical considerations”.As cancer is a global epidemic which knows no borders,efforts to better understand biology and to control it should know no borders either.This issue contains a mixture of clinical and preclinical scholarly articles that have been written by scientists from America,Europe,and the Middle East.I hope that the fresh insights represented here will be appreciated by neuro-oncologists and brain cancer researchers across the translational spectrum.展开更多
Aim:Medu lloblastoma(MB)is the most common malignant brain tumor in children.The crucial role of extracellular-microRNAs(ex-miRNAs)in cancer has been widely recognized;however,their role in MB remains unknown.This stu...Aim:Medu lloblastoma(MB)is the most common malignant brain tumor in children.The crucial role of extracellular-microRNAs(ex-miRNAs)in cancer has been widely recognized;however,their role in MB remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate MB-driven ex-miRNAs.Methods:Microarray analysis was used to disclose the identity and quantity of key miRNAs excreted in culture-medium(CM)of 3 human MB cell lines and cere brospinal fl uid(CSF)of brain tumors(including MB)and leukemia patients.MiRNA expression was validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results:We have demonstrated that the 3 MB cell lines tested commonly expressed 1,083 miRNAs in their spent CM.Among them,57 miRNAs were specifi c to the CM of metastasis-related cell lines which represents the aggressive group 3 and group 4 MB subtypes.A signifi cant number(1,254)of ex-miRNAs were identifi ed in the CSF of a MB patient.Eighty-six of these miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in this patient’s CSF compared with controls.Interestingly,3 metastasis-associated miRNAs over-represented in CM of metastasis-related MB cell lines were found to be significantly enriched in the CSF of the MB patient.Conclusion:Although more samples are required to fully verify these results,our work provides the first evidence for the presence of a signifi cant amount of miRNAs excreted extracellularly by MB cells and raises the possibility that,in the near future,miRNAs could be probed in CSF of MB patients and serve as novel biological markers.展开更多
文摘Central nervous system(CNS)cancer is a devastating illness with unmet therapeutic needs.Establishing biomarkers that have the potential to guide accurate CNS cancer diagnosis or are helpful in predicting disease progression or therapy response is of great interest.Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)has been extensively targeted for the detection of molecules that might be useful markers for cancer detection.However,so far very few of such markers have found a standardized routine clinical application.This review examines the current scientific knowledge about the biochemical elements in the CSF that have been reported in the literature as brain cancer biomarkers and highlight reasons why the role of most markers is not yet established in the managment of CNS tumors.
文摘Local infiltration and distal dissemination of tumor cells hamper efficacy of current treatments against central nervous system(CNS)tumors and greatly influence mortality and therapy-induced long-term morbidity in survivors.A number of in vitro and ex vivo assay systems have been established to better understand the infiltration and metastatic processes,to search for molecules that specifically block tumor cell infiltration and metastatic dissemination and to pre-clinically evaluate their efficaciousness.These systems allow analytical testing of tumor cell viability and motile and invasive capabilities in simplified and well-controlled environments.However,the urgent need for novel anti-metastatic therapies has provided an incentive for the further development of not only classical in vitro methods but also of novel,physiologically more relevant assay systems including organotypic brain slice culture.In this review,using publicly available peer-reviewed primary research and review articles,we provide an overview of a selection of in vitro and ex vivo techniques widely used to study growth and dissemination of primary metastatic brain tumors.Furthermore,we discuss how our steadily increasing knowledge of tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment could be integrated to improve current research methods for metastatic brain tumors.We believe that such rationally improved methods will ultimately increase our understanding of the biology of brain tumors and facilitate the development of more efficacious anti-metastatic treatments.
文摘It is my privilege to introduce the readers to this special issue entitled“Brain tumor cell invasion and metastasis:anatomical,biological and clinical considerations”.As cancer is a global epidemic which knows no borders,efforts to better understand biology and to control it should know no borders either.This issue contains a mixture of clinical and preclinical scholarly articles that have been written by scientists from America,Europe,and the Middle East.I hope that the fresh insights represented here will be appreciated by neuro-oncologists and brain cancer researchers across the translational spectrum.
基金supported by the Swiss Research Foundation Child and Cancer and by“Krebsliga Zürich”.
文摘Aim:Medu lloblastoma(MB)is the most common malignant brain tumor in children.The crucial role of extracellular-microRNAs(ex-miRNAs)in cancer has been widely recognized;however,their role in MB remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate MB-driven ex-miRNAs.Methods:Microarray analysis was used to disclose the identity and quantity of key miRNAs excreted in culture-medium(CM)of 3 human MB cell lines and cere brospinal fl uid(CSF)of brain tumors(including MB)and leukemia patients.MiRNA expression was validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results:We have demonstrated that the 3 MB cell lines tested commonly expressed 1,083 miRNAs in their spent CM.Among them,57 miRNAs were specifi c to the CM of metastasis-related cell lines which represents the aggressive group 3 and group 4 MB subtypes.A signifi cant number(1,254)of ex-miRNAs were identifi ed in the CSF of a MB patient.Eighty-six of these miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in this patient’s CSF compared with controls.Interestingly,3 metastasis-associated miRNAs over-represented in CM of metastasis-related MB cell lines were found to be significantly enriched in the CSF of the MB patient.Conclusion:Although more samples are required to fully verify these results,our work provides the first evidence for the presence of a signifi cant amount of miRNAs excreted extracellularly by MB cells and raises the possibility that,in the near future,miRNAs could be probed in CSF of MB patients and serve as novel biological markers.
