Small RNAs in Botrytis cinerea were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing on BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 8 novel miRNAs and 110 novel siRNAs were predicted. Sequence information, construction, length distributio...Small RNAs in Botrytis cinerea were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing on BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 8 novel miRNAs and 110 novel siRNAs were predicted. Sequence information, construction, length distribution, base bias and expression levels of miRNAs and siRNAs were determined as well. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, the miRNA target genes are mostly located in membrane and organelle, possessed binding and catalytic activities, and involved in signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism. The results will provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the developmental and pathogenic mechanisms of B. cinerea at the transcriptional level.展开更多
抗生素和重金属是两种重要的环境污染物和耐药性选择压力源,但低含量水平下其对环境微生物种群耐药性水平的影响尚不明确.本文全面检索了截至2020年1月1日发表在Web of Science数据库中同时监测了抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)丰度、抗生素含量...抗生素和重金属是两种重要的环境污染物和耐药性选择压力源,但低含量水平下其对环境微生物种群耐药性水平的影响尚不明确.本文全面检索了截至2020年1月1日发表在Web of Science数据库中同时监测了抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)丰度、抗生素含量或重金属含量的研究文献,提取相关数据,利用统计回归方法调查环境介质中3个参数的相关关系.结果表明,除废水外,地表水、沉积物和土壤等环境介质中,即使在非常低的抗生素含量水平下,抗生素选择压力也会对ARGs丰度的增加产生显著的统计效应(P<0.05).不同类别抗生素对耐药基因表现出不同程度的选择和富集作用.重金属含量以及抗生素含量和重金属含量的交互作用对ARGs的传播也具有显著影响(P<0.05).水相和固相环境样本的多变量统计回归模型的最终R2分别为0.482和0.707,比单变量回归的R2更高,能更好地解释ARGs丰度的差异,但环境中还存在其他可能影响ARGs丰度的因素.本文的研究结果可为环境中抗生素耐药性风险评估及传播控制提供支撑.展开更多
Jiama,with more than 11 Mt of copper metal,is the largest porphyry-skarn copper system in the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Xizang,China,creating ideal conditions for deciphering the origin of porphyry ores in a collisio...Jiama,with more than 11 Mt of copper metal,is the largest porphyry-skarn copper system in the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Xizang,China,creating ideal conditions for deciphering the origin of porphyry ores in a collision setting.Despite massive studies of the geology,chronology,petrogenesis,and ore-related fluids and their sources in Jiama,there is a lack of systematic summaries and reviews of this system.In contrast to traditional porphyry copper systems in a subduction setting,recent studies and exploration suggest that the Jiama deposit includes porphyry-type Mo-Cu,skarn-type Cu polymetallic,vein-type Au and manto orebodies.This paper reviews the latest studies on the geology,chronology,petrogenesis,fluid inclusions,and isotopic geochemistry(hydrogen,oxygen,sulfur,and lead)of the Jiama deposit.Accordingly,a multi-center complex mineralization model was constructed,indicating that multi-phase intrusions from the same magma reservoir can form multiple hydrothermal centers.These centers are mutually independent and form various orebodies or are superimposed on each other and form thick,high-grade orebodies.Finally,a new comprehensive exploration model was established for the Jiama porphyry copper system.Both models established in this study help to refine the theories on continental-collision metallogeny and porphyry copper systems.展开更多
Members of the genus Paeonia,which consists of globally renowned ornamentals and traditional medicinal plants with a rich history spanning over 1500 years,are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Sinc...Members of the genus Paeonia,which consists of globally renowned ornamentals and traditional medicinal plants with a rich history spanning over 1500 years,are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Since 1900,over 2200 new horticultural Paeonia cultivars have been created by the discovery and breeding of wild species.However,information pertaining to Paeonia breeding is considerably fragmented,with fundamental gaps in knowledge,creating a bottleneck in effective breeding strategies.This review systematically introduces Paeonia germplasm resources,including wild species and cultivars,summarizes the breeding strategy and results of each Paeonia cultivar group,and focuses on recent progress in the isolation and functional characterization of structural and regulatory genes related to important horticultural traits.Perspectives pertaining to the resource protection and utilization,breeding and industrialization of Paeonia in the future are also briefly discussed.展开更多
Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants.Tree peony(Paeonia×suffruticosa)originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections,Delavayanae...Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants.Tree peony(Paeonia×suffruticosa)originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections,Delavayanae and Vaginatae.Their f lowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet f loral fragrance,yet the f lavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown.Here,we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent,but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect.Delavayanae.Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies,suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect.Delavayanae and its hybrids,instead of species and cultivars from subsect.Vaginatae.Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis;especially the expressions of three TPS genes,PdTPS1,PdTPS2,and PdTPS4,were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars.Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool.This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.展开更多
We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significan...We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significant fluctuations between dry-cold and less dry-cold during the late MIS4. The climate was generally warm and humid during early MIS3(MIS3 c) and late MIS3(MIS3 a), whereas it was cold and dry in middle MIS3(MIS3 b) and during MIS2. In this study, the cold and dry conditions were correlated with a stronger East Asian winter monsoon and strong dune activity; whereas, warm and humid conditions were related to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and weak dune activity. This study establishes six distinct dry and cold intervals during the last glacial period(66.7-14.5 ka) based on optically stimulated luminescence data, multi-proxies record(magnetic susceptibility, grain size analysis, Rb/Sr, SiO2/TiO2) and chemical index of alteration(CIA). The last glacial period may be correlated with Heinrich events 1 to 6 which were further confirmed by comparison with the Hulu cave stalagmites and Greenland ice core records. It is concluded that the study area was substantially affected by the EASM, as compared with the loess-desert transition zone of the Chinese Loess Plateau, especially in MIS3 c and suggested that the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in the last glacial period climate and dune activity.展开更多
In recent years,propelled by the rapid iterative advancements in digital imaging technology and the semiconductor industry,encompassing microelectronic design,manufacturing,packaging,and testing,time-of-flight(ToF)-ba...In recent years,propelled by the rapid iterative advancements in digital imaging technology and the semiconductor industry,encompassing microelectronic design,manufacturing,packaging,and testing,time-of-flight(ToF)-based imaging systems for acquiring depth information have garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry.This technology has emerged as a focal point of research within the realm of 3D imaging.Owing to its relatively straightforward principles and exceptional performance,ToF technology finds extensive applications across various domains including human−computer interaction,autonomous driving,industrial inspection,medical and healthcare,augmented reality,smart homes,and 3D reconstruction,among others.Notably,the increasing maturity of ToF-based LiDAR systems is evident in current developments.This paper comprehensively reviews the fundamental principles of ToF technology and LiDAR systems,alongside recent research advancements.It elucidates the innovative aspects and technical challenges encountered in both transmitter(TX)and receiver(RX),providing detailed discussions on corresponding solutions.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective avenues for future research,offering valuable insights for subsequent investigations.展开更多
Reconstruction of irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects with an inflammatory microenvironment remains a challenge,as chronic local inflammation can largely impair bone healing.Here,we used magnesium silicate nanos...Reconstruction of irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects with an inflammatory microenvironment remains a challenge,as chronic local inflammation can largely impair bone healing.Here,we used magnesium silicate nanospheres(MSNs)to load microRNA-146a-5p(miR-146a)to fabricate a nanobiomaterial,MSN+miR-146a,which showed synergistic promoting effects on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs).In addition,miR-146a exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)under lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway via targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6),and MSNs could simultaneously promote M2 polarization of BMMs.MiR-146a was also found to inhibit osteoclast formation.Finally,the dual osteogenic-promoting and immunoregulatory effects of MSN+miR-146a were further validated in a stimulated infected mouse mandibular bone defect model via delivery by a photocuring hydrogel.Collectively,the MSN+miR-146a complex revealed good potential in treating inflammatory irregular oralmaxillofacial bone defects.展开更多
The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity...The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.展开更多
The Xinlong gold deposit is located in Niyma County,Naqu area of Xizang and was discovered by the Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences through the 1∶50000 mineral geological survey.Th...The Xinlong gold deposit is located in Niyma County,Naqu area of Xizang and was discovered by the Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences through the 1∶50000 mineral geological survey.The ore bodies occur in the Zenong Group volcanic rocks in the middle section of the central Lhasa subterrane and are structurally controlled by the NNW-striking faults.Four ore bodies have been found,exhibiting cloddy,dense-sparse,disseminated,and breccia structures.The ore minerals are mainly tetrahedrite group minerals,and other ore minerals include pyrite,chalcopyrite,nevskite,bornite,anglesite,native gold,and silver-gold bearing selenide,etc.The types of alteration are dominated by silicification,as well as middle-and high-graded argillization.The alteration mineral assemblages contain quzrtz,pyrophyllite,and kaolinite.The Zaliela Formation volcanic rocks of Zenong Group are silicified by later hydrothermal fluid with vuggy quartz in some fractured zones.The middle-and high-graded argillization are characterized by pyrophyllitization and kaolinization.The Xinlong gold deposit shows great metallogenetic potentiality and has been revealed by 1∶10000 geological mapping,IP sounding,and trial trenching in the mining area.Combined with the regional metallogenic geological setting,we suppose that a potential epithermal gold belt probably exists in the middle of the Lhasa terrane.The discovery of the Xinlong gold deposit opens a new chapter for the gold prospecting in Northern Tibet.展开更多
Regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue is always a challenge for clinicians due to the uncertainty of bone repair materials in terms of long-term and efficient effects on osteoblasts.Here,we propose a novel st...Regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue is always a challenge for clinicians due to the uncertainty of bone repair materials in terms of long-term and efficient effects on osteoblasts.Here,we propose a novel strategy combining benidipine,an antihypertensive drug and nanoparticles to synergistically promote the healing of bone defects.Loose and porous benidipine-loaded magnesium silicate nanoparticles were prepared and validated for their biosafety.The nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by preosteoblasts and uniformly distributed around the nucleus.After internalization into cells,the nanosystem is degraded by lysosomes,and the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation is reflected by the continuous release of benidipine,silicon and magnesium ions.Our results clearly evaluated that the nanoflower-like magnesium silicate delivering benidipine tends to be more appropriate for the bone regeneration in preosteoblasts,indicating that it might be a potential approach in guiding bone repair in clinical applications.展开更多
Depression has become one of the most common mental illnesses in the world.For better prediction and diagnosis,methods of automatic depression recognition based on speech signal are constantly proposed and updated,wit...Depression has become one of the most common mental illnesses in the world.For better prediction and diagnosis,methods of automatic depression recognition based on speech signal are constantly proposed and updated,with a transition from the early traditional methods based on hand‐crafted features to the application of architectures of deep learning.This paper systematically and precisely outlines the most prominent and up‐to‐date research of automatic depression recognition by intelligent speech signal processing so far.Furthermore,methods for acoustic feature extraction,algorithms for classification and regression,as well as end to end deep models are investigated and analysed.Finally,general trends are summarised and key unresolved issues are identified to be considered in future studies of automatic speech depression recognition.展开更多
文摘Small RNAs in Botrytis cinerea were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing on BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 8 novel miRNAs and 110 novel siRNAs were predicted. Sequence information, construction, length distribution, base bias and expression levels of miRNAs and siRNAs were determined as well. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, the miRNA target genes are mostly located in membrane and organelle, possessed binding and catalytic activities, and involved in signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolism. The results will provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the developmental and pathogenic mechanisms of B. cinerea at the transcriptional level.
文摘抗生素和重金属是两种重要的环境污染物和耐药性选择压力源,但低含量水平下其对环境微生物种群耐药性水平的影响尚不明确.本文全面检索了截至2020年1月1日发表在Web of Science数据库中同时监测了抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)丰度、抗生素含量或重金属含量的研究文献,提取相关数据,利用统计回归方法调查环境介质中3个参数的相关关系.结果表明,除废水外,地表水、沉积物和土壤等环境介质中,即使在非常低的抗生素含量水平下,抗生素选择压力也会对ARGs丰度的增加产生显著的统计效应(P<0.05).不同类别抗生素对耐药基因表现出不同程度的选择和富集作用.重金属含量以及抗生素含量和重金属含量的交互作用对ARGs的传播也具有显著影响(P<0.05).水相和固相环境样本的多变量统计回归模型的最终R2分别为0.482和0.707,比单变量回归的R2更高,能更好地解释ARGs丰度的差异,但环境中还存在其他可能影响ARGs丰度的因素.本文的研究结果可为环境中抗生素耐药性风险评估及传播控制提供支撑.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2905001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272093,42230813)+1 种基金China Scholarship Council projectthe Geological Survey project(DD20230054)
文摘Jiama,with more than 11 Mt of copper metal,is the largest porphyry-skarn copper system in the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Xizang,China,creating ideal conditions for deciphering the origin of porphyry ores in a collision setting.Despite massive studies of the geology,chronology,petrogenesis,and ore-related fluids and their sources in Jiama,there is a lack of systematic summaries and reviews of this system.In contrast to traditional porphyry copper systems in a subduction setting,recent studies and exploration suggest that the Jiama deposit includes porphyry-type Mo-Cu,skarn-type Cu polymetallic,vein-type Au and manto orebodies.This paper reviews the latest studies on the geology,chronology,petrogenesis,fluid inclusions,and isotopic geochemistry(hydrogen,oxygen,sulfur,and lead)of the Jiama deposit.Accordingly,a multi-center complex mineralization model was constructed,indicating that multi-phase intrusions from the same magma reservoir can form multiple hydrothermal centers.These centers are mutually independent and form various orebodies or are superimposed on each other and form thick,high-grade orebodies.Finally,a new comprehensive exploration model was established for the Jiama porphyry copper system.Both models established in this study help to refine the theories on continental-collision metallogeny and porphyry copper systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772350).
文摘Members of the genus Paeonia,which consists of globally renowned ornamentals and traditional medicinal plants with a rich history spanning over 1500 years,are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Since 1900,over 2200 new horticultural Paeonia cultivars have been created by the discovery and breeding of wild species.However,information pertaining to Paeonia breeding is considerably fragmented,with fundamental gaps in knowledge,creating a bottleneck in effective breeding strategies.This review systematically introduces Paeonia germplasm resources,including wild species and cultivars,summarizes the breeding strategy and results of each Paeonia cultivar group,and focuses on recent progress in the isolation and functional characterization of structural and regulatory genes related to important horticultural traits.Perspectives pertaining to the resource protection and utilization,breeding and industrialization of Paeonia in the future are also briefly discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFD1000400).
文摘Floral scent is an important and genetically complex trait in horticultural plants.Tree peony(Paeonia×suffruticosa)originates in the Pan-Himalaya and has nine wild species divided into two subsections,Delavayanae and Vaginatae.Their f lowers are beloved worldwide for their sweet f loral fragrance,yet the f lavor-related volatiles and underlying biosynthetic pathways remain unknown.Here,we characterized the volatile blends of all wild tree peony species and found that the flavor-related volatiles were highly divergent,but linalool was a unique monoterpene in subsect.Delavayanae.Further detection of volatiles in 97 cultivars with various genetic backgrounds showed that linalool was also the characteristic aroma component in Paeonia delavayi hybrid progenies,suggesting that linalool was conserved and dominant within subsect.Delavayanae and its hybrids,instead of species and cultivars from subsect.Vaginatae.Global transcriptome analysis of all wild tree peony species and 60 cultivars revealed five candidate genes that may be involved in key steps of linalool biosynthesis;especially the expressions of three TPS genes,PdTPS1,PdTPS2,and PdTPS4,were significantly positively correlated with linalool emissions across tree peony cultivars.Further biochemical evidence demonstrated that PdTPS1 and PdTPS4were the pivotal genes determining the species-specific and cultivar-specific emission of linalool.This study revealed a new insight into floral scent divergence in tree peony and would greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Paeonia.
基金supported by the Research Fund for Hexigten Global Geopark(Grant No.62932014004)Specialized Fund for Fundamental Research Program of China University of Geosciences,Beijing(Grant No.2011YYL016)+1 种基金the Specialized Fund for Public Welfare Industry,Ministry of Land and Resources of China(Grant No.201211077-3)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(for PhD supervisors,Grant No.20110022110005)
文摘We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significant fluctuations between dry-cold and less dry-cold during the late MIS4. The climate was generally warm and humid during early MIS3(MIS3 c) and late MIS3(MIS3 a), whereas it was cold and dry in middle MIS3(MIS3 b) and during MIS2. In this study, the cold and dry conditions were correlated with a stronger East Asian winter monsoon and strong dune activity; whereas, warm and humid conditions were related to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and weak dune activity. This study establishes six distinct dry and cold intervals during the last glacial period(66.7-14.5 ka) based on optically stimulated luminescence data, multi-proxies record(magnetic susceptibility, grain size analysis, Rb/Sr, SiO2/TiO2) and chemical index of alteration(CIA). The last glacial period may be correlated with Heinrich events 1 to 6 which were further confirmed by comparison with the Hulu cave stalagmites and Greenland ice core records. It is concluded that the study area was substantially affected by the EASM, as compared with the loess-desert transition zone of the Chinese Loess Plateau, especially in MIS3 c and suggested that the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in the last glacial period climate and dune activity.
文摘In recent years,propelled by the rapid iterative advancements in digital imaging technology and the semiconductor industry,encompassing microelectronic design,manufacturing,packaging,and testing,time-of-flight(ToF)-based imaging systems for acquiring depth information have garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry.This technology has emerged as a focal point of research within the realm of 3D imaging.Owing to its relatively straightforward principles and exceptional performance,ToF technology finds extensive applications across various domains including human−computer interaction,autonomous driving,industrial inspection,medical and healthcare,augmented reality,smart homes,and 3D reconstruction,among others.Notably,the increasing maturity of ToF-based LiDAR systems is evident in current developments.This paper comprehensively reviews the fundamental principles of ToF technology and LiDAR systems,alongside recent research advancements.It elucidates the innovative aspects and technical challenges encountered in both transmitter(TX)and receiver(RX),providing detailed discussions on corresponding solutions.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective avenues for future research,offering valuable insights for subsequent investigations.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2402900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81991502)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2021C03074)the Basic Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY22H140002)the Research and Development Program of the Stomatology Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine(No.RD2022JCEL20)the Student Research Training Program of Zhejiang University School of Stomatology(No.2022S001).
文摘Reconstruction of irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects with an inflammatory microenvironment remains a challenge,as chronic local inflammation can largely impair bone healing.Here,we used magnesium silicate nanospheres(MSNs)to load microRNA-146a-5p(miR-146a)to fabricate a nanobiomaterial,MSN+miR-146a,which showed synergistic promoting effects on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs).In addition,miR-146a exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)under lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway via targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6),and MSNs could simultaneously promote M2 polarization of BMMs.MiR-146a was also found to inhibit osteoclast formation.Finally,the dual osteogenic-promoting and immunoregulatory effects of MSN+miR-146a were further validated in a stimulated infected mouse mandibular bone defect model via delivery by a photocuring hydrogel.Collectively,the MSN+miR-146a complex revealed good potential in treating inflammatory irregular oralmaxillofacial bone defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31461123001 to C.X.F.)the US National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity US-China Program (DEB-1442280 to P.S.S.and D.E.S.)+1 种基金the HZAU Talent Start-up Fund (Grant no.11042210014 to M.S.)the China Scholarship Council (Grant no.201806320056 to H.Y.L.)。
文摘The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902099)the China Geological Survey Project(DD20230054)Fundamental Research Funds from the Institute of Mineral Resources and Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.KK2215).
文摘The Xinlong gold deposit is located in Niyma County,Naqu area of Xizang and was discovered by the Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences through the 1∶50000 mineral geological survey.The ore bodies occur in the Zenong Group volcanic rocks in the middle section of the central Lhasa subterrane and are structurally controlled by the NNW-striking faults.Four ore bodies have been found,exhibiting cloddy,dense-sparse,disseminated,and breccia structures.The ore minerals are mainly tetrahedrite group minerals,and other ore minerals include pyrite,chalcopyrite,nevskite,bornite,anglesite,native gold,and silver-gold bearing selenide,etc.The types of alteration are dominated by silicification,as well as middle-and high-graded argillization.The alteration mineral assemblages contain quzrtz,pyrophyllite,and kaolinite.The Zaliela Formation volcanic rocks of Zenong Group are silicified by later hydrothermal fluid with vuggy quartz in some fractured zones.The middle-and high-graded argillization are characterized by pyrophyllitization and kaolinization.The Xinlong gold deposit shows great metallogenetic potentiality and has been revealed by 1∶10000 geological mapping,IP sounding,and trial trenching in the mining area.Combined with the regional metallogenic geological setting,we suppose that a potential epithermal gold belt probably exists in the middle of the Lhasa terrane.The discovery of the Xinlong gold deposit opens a new chapter for the gold prospecting in Northern Tibet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.8212200044,82071085,31872752,and 81600909)the Zhejiang Provincial Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.LR21H140001,LY22H140002,and LQ22C100003)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China(No.2018YFA0703000)the Medical Technology and Education of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2018KY501).
文摘Regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue is always a challenge for clinicians due to the uncertainty of bone repair materials in terms of long-term and efficient effects on osteoblasts.Here,we propose a novel strategy combining benidipine,an antihypertensive drug and nanoparticles to synergistically promote the healing of bone defects.Loose and porous benidipine-loaded magnesium silicate nanoparticles were prepared and validated for their biosafety.The nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by preosteoblasts and uniformly distributed around the nucleus.After internalization into cells,the nanosystem is degraded by lysosomes,and the effect of promoting osteogenic differentiation is reflected by the continuous release of benidipine,silicon and magnesium ions.Our results clearly evaluated that the nanoflower-like magnesium silicate delivering benidipine tends to be more appropriate for the bone regeneration in preosteoblasts,indicating that it might be a potential approach in guiding bone repair in clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.61701243,71771125)the Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Department(no.19KJA180002).
文摘Depression has become one of the most common mental illnesses in the world.For better prediction and diagnosis,methods of automatic depression recognition based on speech signal are constantly proposed and updated,with a transition from the early traditional methods based on hand‐crafted features to the application of architectures of deep learning.This paper systematically and precisely outlines the most prominent and up‐to‐date research of automatic depression recognition by intelligent speech signal processing so far.Furthermore,methods for acoustic feature extraction,algorithms for classification and regression,as well as end to end deep models are investigated and analysed.Finally,general trends are summarised and key unresolved issues are identified to be considered in future studies of automatic speech depression recognition.
