通过水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)深入理解生态系统水碳循环的相互关系,可以较好地评估生态系统对气候变化的响应。长江经济带自然资源丰富、生态系统格局复杂,是中国重要的经济发展区,同时也是响应气候变化的重要区域。基...通过水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)深入理解生态系统水碳循环的相互关系,可以较好地评估生态系统对气候变化的响应。长江经济带自然资源丰富、生态系统格局复杂,是中国重要的经济发展区,同时也是响应气候变化的重要区域。基于生态系统过程模型CEVSA2(Carbon Exchange between Vegetation,Soil and Atmosphere),估算了1981—2010年长江经济带WUE的时空动态变化,并分析其与温度和降水之间的关系。结果表明:(1)长江经济带1981—2010年WUE均值为1.14 g C mm^-1 m^-2,WUE的空间分布与降水量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.571,P<0.01),而与温度呈显著负相关(r=-0.740,P<0.01);(2)长江经济带1981—2010年WUE变动区间为1.04—1.19 g C mm^-1 m^-2,WUE总体呈减少趋势,平均每年降低0.0030 g C mm^-1 m^-2;(3)研究区域内四种主要植被类型常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林、草地和常绿灌丛的水分利用效率均呈下降趋势,下降速率分别为-3.29×10^-3、-2.99×10^-3、-3.30×10^-3、-2.65×10^-3 g C mm^-1 m^-2 a^-1。研究区域内各植被类型的WUE与降水量的相关性不如温度显著,温度对WUE的影响要大于降水对WUE的影响。今后在提高时空分辨率的基础上,更精确地模拟和预测未来温度、降水等气候因子变化下长江经济带WUE变化趋势及分析该地区水碳耦合关系。展开更多
Air pollution control policies in China have been experiencing profound changes,highlighting a strategic transformation from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement,along with the shifting targets ...Air pollution control policies in China have been experiencing profound changes,highlighting a strategic transformation from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement,along with the shifting targets starting from acid rain and NO_(x)emissions to PM_(2.5)pollution,and then the emerging O_(3)challenges.The marvelous achievements have been made with the dramatic decrease of SO_(2)emission and fundamental improvement of PM_(2.5)concentration.Despite these achievements,China has proposed Beautiful China target through 2035 and the goal of 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutrality,which impose stricter requirements on air quality and synergistic mitigation with Greenhouse Gas(GHG)emissions.Against this background,an integrated multi-objective and multi-benefit roadmap is required to provide decision support for China’s long-term air quality improvement strategy.This paper systematically reviews the technical system for developing the air quality improvement roadmap,which was integrated from the research output of China’s National Key R&D Program for Research on Atmospheric Pollution Factors and Control Technologies(hereafter Special NKP),covering mid-and long-term air quality target setting techniques,quantitative analysis techniques for emission reduction targets corresponding to air quality targets,and pathway optimization techniques for realizing reduction targets.The experience and lessons derived from the reviews have implications for the reformation of China’s air quality improvement roadmap in facing challenges of synergistic mitigation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3),and the coupling with climate change mitigation.展开更多
文摘通过水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)深入理解生态系统水碳循环的相互关系,可以较好地评估生态系统对气候变化的响应。长江经济带自然资源丰富、生态系统格局复杂,是中国重要的经济发展区,同时也是响应气候变化的重要区域。基于生态系统过程模型CEVSA2(Carbon Exchange between Vegetation,Soil and Atmosphere),估算了1981—2010年长江经济带WUE的时空动态变化,并分析其与温度和降水之间的关系。结果表明:(1)长江经济带1981—2010年WUE均值为1.14 g C mm^-1 m^-2,WUE的空间分布与降水量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.571,P<0.01),而与温度呈显著负相关(r=-0.740,P<0.01);(2)长江经济带1981—2010年WUE变动区间为1.04—1.19 g C mm^-1 m^-2,WUE总体呈减少趋势,平均每年降低0.0030 g C mm^-1 m^-2;(3)研究区域内四种主要植被类型常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林、草地和常绿灌丛的水分利用效率均呈下降趋势,下降速率分别为-3.29×10^-3、-2.99×10^-3、-3.30×10^-3、-2.65×10^-3 g C mm^-1 m^-2 a^-1。研究区域内各植被类型的WUE与降水量的相关性不如温度显著,温度对WUE的影响要大于降水对WUE的影响。今后在提高时空分辨率的基础上,更精确地模拟和预测未来温度、降水等气候因子变化下长江经济带WUE变化趋势及分析该地区水碳耦合关系。
基金supported by the China’s National Key R&D Program(Nos.2019YFC0214804 and 2019YFC0214205)。
文摘Air pollution control policies in China have been experiencing profound changes,highlighting a strategic transformation from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement,along with the shifting targets starting from acid rain and NO_(x)emissions to PM_(2.5)pollution,and then the emerging O_(3)challenges.The marvelous achievements have been made with the dramatic decrease of SO_(2)emission and fundamental improvement of PM_(2.5)concentration.Despite these achievements,China has proposed Beautiful China target through 2035 and the goal of 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutrality,which impose stricter requirements on air quality and synergistic mitigation with Greenhouse Gas(GHG)emissions.Against this background,an integrated multi-objective and multi-benefit roadmap is required to provide decision support for China’s long-term air quality improvement strategy.This paper systematically reviews the technical system for developing the air quality improvement roadmap,which was integrated from the research output of China’s National Key R&D Program for Research on Atmospheric Pollution Factors and Control Technologies(hereafter Special NKP),covering mid-and long-term air quality target setting techniques,quantitative analysis techniques for emission reduction targets corresponding to air quality targets,and pathway optimization techniques for realizing reduction targets.The experience and lessons derived from the reviews have implications for the reformation of China’s air quality improvement roadmap in facing challenges of synergistic mitigation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3),and the coupling with climate change mitigation.
