Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is desig...Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is designed to investigate the non-thermal high-energy electrons accelerated in solar flares by providing images of solar flaring regions in the energy range from 30 keV to 200 keV.The imaging principle of HXI is based on spatially modulated Fourier synthesis and utilizes about 91 sets of bi-grid sub-collimators and corresponding LaBr3 detectors to obtain Fourier components with a spatial resolution of about 3 arcsec and a time resolution better than 0.5 s.An engineering prototype has been developed and tested to verify the feasibility of design.In this paper,we present background,instrument design and the development and test status of the prototype.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome of artificial hip replacement for proximal femoral bone tumors.Methods:One hundred patients with proximal femur bone tumors admitted to the hospital for treatment from Jun...Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome of artificial hip replacement for proximal femoral bone tumors.Methods:One hundred patients with proximal femur bone tumors admitted to the hospital for treatment from June 2018 to May 2020 were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group of 50 patients each using central randomization.The control group received conventional treatment and the experimental group underwent artificial total hip arthroplasty,and the results of treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:The operative time and hospitalization time of the experimental group were shorter than that of the control group,and the blood loss was less than that of the control group;after the replacement surgery,the range of flexion and extension,internal and external rotation activity and abduction activity scores were better than those of the control group;and the total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 6.0%,which was significantly lower than that of the control group(14.0%).By comparing the treatment effects of the two groups,the differentiation was significant,and P<0.05 was statistically significant.Conclusion:Artificial hip arthroplasty can effectively treat proximal femoral tumors,shorten operative time,hospitalization time and intraoperative bleeding,and alleviate patients’therapeutic pain,which has good promotion value in clinical practice.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been identified as a highly promising means of achieving sustainable energy conversion.A crucial factor in enhancing the performance of PEMFCs for further potential ener...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been identified as a highly promising means of achieving sustainable energy conversion.A crucial factor in enhancing the performance of PEMFCs for further potential energy applications is the advancement in the field of catalyst engineering that has led to remarkable performance enhancement in facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Subsequently,it is important to acknowledge that the techniques used in preparation of membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs),the vital constituents of PEMFCs,also possess direct and critical influence on exhibiting the full catalytic activity of meticulously crafted catalysts.Here,a succinct summary of the most recent advancements in Pt catalysts for ORR was offered and their underly catalytic mechanism were discussed.Then,both laboratory-scale and industrial-scale MEA fabrication techniques of Pt catalysts were summarized.Furthermore,a detailed analysis of the connections between materials,process,and performance in MEA fabrication was presented in order to facilitate the development of optimal catalyst layers.展开更多
The advancement of high-efficiency Pt catalysts with reduced Pt loading is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).This research presents a methodology that significantly increases the performance of P...The advancement of high-efficiency Pt catalysts with reduced Pt loading is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).This research presents a methodology that significantly increases the performance of Pt/C through the interactions between Pt and Fe–N_(x)/Ce–N_(x)on carbon,thereby effectively reducing Pt consumption.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the presence of Fe–N_(x)/Ce–N_(x)together enhances the strong interaction between Pt and FeCe–NC,decreasing the d-band energy level(εd)of Pt,which leads to the reduction of O*adsorption and acceleration of desorption at the Pt sites.Consequently,the Pt/FeCe–NC demonstrates exceptional performance for the ORR.The Pt/FeCe–NC has an E_(1/2)of 0.927 V and decays by only 7 mV after 30000 accelerated stress test(AST)cycles under acidic conditions.Furthermore,the Pt/FeCe–NC(2.14 W cm^(−2))surpasses Pt/C(1.78 W cm^(−2))regarding peak power density in PEMFCs.This innovative approach clarifies the interactions between Pt and Fe–N_(x)/Ce–N_(x),providing a framework for the design of advanced catalysts.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been widely acknowledged as a significant advancement in achieving sustainable energy conversion.However,the activation of newly established Pt-ionomer interfaces in the...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been widely acknowledged as a significant advancement in achieving sustainable energy conversion.However,the activation of newly established Pt-ionomer interfaces in the catalyst layer of PEMFCs can be a time-consuming and costly process to ensure proper coupling and performance.In order to gain valuable insights into this crucial activation process,we have conducted a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the commonly employed on-line(such as current or voltage control activation,short-circuiting activation,and air interruption activation)and off-line(including boiling or steaming,acidtreatment,and ultrasonic-treatment)activation methods.Our findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to enhanced performance within the catalyst layer,such as the reduction of Pt oxides and hydroxides,improved proton transport,and the reduction of“dead”regions.Moreover,this review emphasizes the significant challenges and future opportunities that lie in further enhancing the performance within the catalyst layer through the activation process.展开更多
Chest computed tomography （CT） screening is becoming more popular in China. Therefore, more and more rare diseases and early stages of lung diseases were found. Here, we reported a case who presented as multiple gro...Chest computed tomography （CT） screening is becoming more popular in China. Therefore, more and more rare diseases and early stages of lung diseases were found. Here, we reported a case who presented as multiple ground glass nodules incidentally found in chest CT scan who had been suspected as synchronous multiple primary lung cancer （SMPLC） and/or metastatic cancer. She was finally diagnosed as tuberous sclerosis complex （TSC）, an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by the fort-nation of hanaartomatous lesions in the skin, eyes, kidney, and central nervous system. Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 （TSC1） gene mutation （c.1030-1G〉A） was found in her and her family members. This is a very rare report in China.展开更多
To the Editor： Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis （PLCH） in adults is a rare disease occurring almost exclusively in smokers. The characteristic high-resolution computed tomography （HRCT） manifestation of PL...To the Editor： Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis （PLCH） in adults is a rare disease occurring almost exclusively in smokers. The characteristic high-resolution computed tomography （HRCT） manifestation of PLCH is a combination of cysts （or cavities） and nodules mainly in the upper lung zone. However, not all HRCT patterns of PLCH are typical. Few treatments are effective in current practice regarding PLCH. Targeted therapy with an inhibitor of mutated BRAF （vemurafenib） has been proved effective in Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） harboring BRAF valine at position 600 （V600E） mutation.MAP2K1 mutations are mutually exclusive with BRAF mutations and might have implications for the use of BRAF targeted therapy. Here, we reported a case of PLCH proven by lung biopsy.展开更多
Xanthium italicum is a globally distributed invasive weed that causes significant ecological and agricultural damage in the invaded areas.Although multiple mechanisms have been reported to contribute to its invasive s...Xanthium italicum is a globally distributed invasive weed that causes significant ecological and agricultural damage in the invaded areas.Although multiple mechanisms have been reported to contribute to its invasive success,the extent to which intraspecific differentiation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate this process in invaded habitats remains insufficiently understood.In this study,we conducted a common garden experiment with three nitrogen treatments: no nitrogen addition (NN),low nitrogen (LN: 2 g urea per pot),and high nitrogen (HN: 4 g urea per pot).Ten populations of invasive X.italicum (ten individuals per population,100 individuals total) and native Xanthium sibiricum (excluded from the NN treatment due to seed limitations) were grown under each nitrogen treatments.Under the NN treatment,we detected significant phenotypic differences among different invasive X.italicum populations across six growth traits (root length,shoot length,crown breadth,base diameter,relative chlorophyll content,and biomass).Furthermore,when subjected to the LN and HN treatments,invasive X.italicum exhibited significantly higher phenotypic plasticity compared with that of native X.sibiricum in biomass and base diameter.Our findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific differentiation may play important roles in facilitating the invasive success of X.italicum in China,potentially increasing the risk of further biological invasion.展开更多
Appropriate use of scientific early-warning infectious disease surveillance methods plays a vital role in disease control and prevention.Recently infectious gastroenteritis has become an important public health proble...Appropriate use of scientific early-warning infectious disease surveillance methods plays a vital role in disease control and prevention.Recently infectious gastroenteritis has become an important public health problem.In consideration of meteorological factors strongly linked with the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis,we obtained data on the number of infectious gastroenteritis cases and meteorological data from January 2008 to June 2023,a total of 808 weeks.We constructed a BiLSTM-BiGRU model to fit and predict the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis in Tokyo,Japan,to improve the prediction accuracy and early warning efficiency of infectious gastroenteritis,provide references for relevant departments to formulate infectious disease prevention and control measures in advance,and make emergency preparations.For this purpose,we also used three optimization algorithms for parameter tuning and constructed a moving percentile control chart warning model.The results show that the BiLSTM-BiGRU model performed better than mainstream deep learning methods.Among the three selected optimization algorithms,the Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm performed the best,with an R2 of 0.85,and led to reductions of 11.90%in RMSE,12.44%in MAE,and 16.18%in MAPE,respectively.We found that the GWO-BiLSTM-BiGRU model can fit and predict the number of infectious gastroenteritis cases in Tokyo accurately.Relevant departments should be alert to the high incidence of infectious gastroenteritis during weeks 3–5 each year based on the prediction and warning results.展开更多
Low-temperature fuel cells(LTFCs)are considered to be one of the most promising power sources for widespread application in sustainable and renew-able energy conversion technologies.Although remarkable advances have b...Low-temperature fuel cells(LTFCs)are considered to be one of the most promising power sources for widespread application in sustainable and renew-able energy conversion technologies.Although remarkable advances have been made in the mass activity of catalysts,mass transport impedance needs to be urgently addressed at a well-designed membrane electrode assembly(MEA)scale.Increasing the loading of electrocatalysts is conducive to prepare thinner and more efficient MEAs owing to the resulting enhanced reactant permeability,better proton diffusion,and lower electrical resistance.Herein,recent progress in high-loading(≥40 wt.%)Pt nanoparticle catalysts(NPCs)and high-loading(≥2 wt.%)single-atom catalysts(SACs)for LTFC applications are reviewed.A summary of various synthetic approaches and support materials for high-loading Pt NPCs and SACs is systematically presented.The influences of high surface area and appropriate surface functionalization for Pt NPCs,as well as coordina-tion environment,spatial confinement effect,and strong metal-support interac-tions(SMSI)for SACs are highlighted.Additionally,this review presents some ideas regarding challenges and future opportunities of high-loading catalysts in the application of LTFCs.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONCryptogenic organizing pneumonia （COP） is a distinct type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a response rate of 65 85% on corticosteroid therapy. The difficulty of COP diagnosis is that the clinic...INTRODUCTIONCryptogenic organizing pneumonia （COP） is a distinct type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a response rate of 65 85% on corticosteroid therapy. The difficulty of COP diagnosis is that the clinical features and the radiological findings are nonspecific. The pathological hallmark of organizing pneumonia （OP） needs to be confirmed. It can also occur in a variety of other interstitial pneumonia, infectious diseases, vasculitis, and so on. To increase the pathological reliability, larger and more tissue samples are required. According to the current classification of interstitial lung disease and guidelines, the surgical lung biopsy is recommended and is considered to be the best way of obtaining a representative lung specimen However, the invasive diagnostic procedures require general anesthesia and also increase the morbidity and mortality risks; therefore, only few patients undergo such biopsy. Thus, safer and more acceptable methods for identifying COP are urgently needed.展开更多
This study was conducted to examine the pol-lination characteristics of Eremurus anisopterus,an ephe-meroid plant in the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China.An integrative approach combining field studies with lab ...This study was conducted to examine the pol-lination characteristics of Eremurus anisopterus,an ephe-meroid plant in the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China.An integrative approach combining field studies with lab analysis was adopted.Pollen traps were used to measure air-borne pollen loads and artificial isolation experiments were applied to test the potentiality of cross-pollination or apomixes.Results show that the duration of the flowering of Eremurus anisopterus varied from late April to mid-May.Anthesis of a single flower often lasted for 1 d.However,if the daily maximum air temperature was under 20℃,the anthesis of a single flower could be prolonged up to 2 d.The pollen dispersion period of the single flower could last for 4 to 5 h,from 10:30 to 15:00 local time,with the duration of pollen dispersion for a single anther lasting approximately 40 min.The heterotypical maturation of the stigma could significantly prolong the pollen dispersion period of the single flower suggesting an adaptation to the habitat of E.anisopterus in the desert where the pollinators were not reliable.The timing of the blossoms of the ephemeroid plant show close correlations with the wind velocity and the habit and characteristics of the pollinators in the desert.Plant pollens may be spread to over 70 m by wind with approximately 60%of the pollens falling within 20 m away from the plant.Insects,especially bees,hover flies,flesh flies,mason bees and Halictus sp.were very important pollinators.Bees and hover flies usually landed on the yellowish green spot on the tepal and then entered the flower along the purple vein on the pink tepals.The yellowish green spot might be a mimetic structure of nectar that could attract insects to visit.This was also an adaptation of the plant to the sandy desert environment.A higher visiting frequency was reached between 10:30 and 13:30.The pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)of E.anisopterus(6164)suggested that the species was from cross-pollination according to Cruden’s criterion.However,the arti-ficial isolation experiment shows that E.anisopterus is self-compatible which might act as a compensation mechanism for the inadequate opportunities for breeding in the desert environment.Since there was no seed set in the bagged emasculated flowers,apomixes did not occur.In conclusion,E.anisopterus might adapt to the unreliable pollinator habits by self-pollination and by lengthening the pollen dispersion period of a single flower.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA15320104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11427803, 11622327, 11703079, 11803093 and 11820101002)
文摘Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is designed to investigate the non-thermal high-energy electrons accelerated in solar flares by providing images of solar flaring regions in the energy range from 30 keV to 200 keV.The imaging principle of HXI is based on spatially modulated Fourier synthesis and utilizes about 91 sets of bi-grid sub-collimators and corresponding LaBr3 detectors to obtain Fourier components with a spatial resolution of about 3 arcsec and a time resolution better than 0.5 s.An engineering prototype has been developed and tested to verify the feasibility of design.In this paper,we present background,instrument design and the development and test status of the prototype.
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical outcome of artificial hip replacement for proximal femoral bone tumors.Methods:One hundred patients with proximal femur bone tumors admitted to the hospital for treatment from June 2018 to May 2020 were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group of 50 patients each using central randomization.The control group received conventional treatment and the experimental group underwent artificial total hip arthroplasty,and the results of treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:The operative time and hospitalization time of the experimental group were shorter than that of the control group,and the blood loss was less than that of the control group;after the replacement surgery,the range of flexion and extension,internal and external rotation activity and abduction activity scores were better than those of the control group;and the total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was 6.0%,which was significantly lower than that of the control group(14.0%).By comparing the treatment effects of the two groups,the differentiation was significant,and P<0.05 was statistically significant.Conclusion:Artificial hip arthroplasty can effectively treat proximal femoral tumors,shorten operative time,hospitalization time and intraoperative bleeding,and alleviate patients’therapeutic pain,which has good promotion value in clinical practice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51802059,21905070 and 22075062)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20210324120400002 and SGDX20210823103803017)+4 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2022CXGC010305)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(No.LBHZ18066),Heilongjiang Touyan Team(No.HITTY-20190033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRFCU5710051922)the High-Level Professional Team in Shenzhen(No.KQTD20210811090045006)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022B1515120001)。
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been identified as a highly promising means of achieving sustainable energy conversion.A crucial factor in enhancing the performance of PEMFCs for further potential energy applications is the advancement in the field of catalyst engineering that has led to remarkable performance enhancement in facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Subsequently,it is important to acknowledge that the techniques used in preparation of membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs),the vital constituents of PEMFCs,also possess direct and critical influence on exhibiting the full catalytic activity of meticulously crafted catalysts.Here,a succinct summary of the most recent advancements in Pt catalysts for ORR was offered and their underly catalytic mechanism were discussed.Then,both laboratory-scale and industrial-scale MEA fabrication techniques of Pt catalysts were summarized.Furthermore,a detailed analysis of the connections between materials,process,and performance in MEA fabrication was presented in order to facilitate the development of optimal catalyst layers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20573,22409041 and 22075062)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010305)+5 种基金Heilongjiang Touyan Team(Grant No.HITTY-20190033)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2024B013)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grant No.FRFCU5710051922)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120022 and 2022B1515120001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.RCBS20231211090522040,KJZD20240903095610014,and KJZD20240903095712017)High-Level Professional Team in Shenzhen(KQTD20210811090045006).
文摘The advancement of high-efficiency Pt catalysts with reduced Pt loading is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).This research presents a methodology that significantly increases the performance of Pt/C through the interactions between Pt and Fe–N_(x)/Ce–N_(x)on carbon,thereby effectively reducing Pt consumption.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the presence of Fe–N_(x)/Ce–N_(x)together enhances the strong interaction between Pt and FeCe–NC,decreasing the d-band energy level(εd)of Pt,which leads to the reduction of O*adsorption and acceleration of desorption at the Pt sites.Consequently,the Pt/FeCe–NC demonstrates exceptional performance for the ORR.The Pt/FeCe–NC has an E_(1/2)of 0.927 V and decays by only 7 mV after 30000 accelerated stress test(AST)cycles under acidic conditions.Furthermore,the Pt/FeCe–NC(2.14 W cm^(−2))surpasses Pt/C(1.78 W cm^(−2))regarding peak power density in PEMFCs.This innovative approach clarifies the interactions between Pt and Fe–N_(x)/Ce–N_(x),providing a framework for the design of advanced catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51802059,21905070,22075062)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324120400002,and SGDX20210823103803017)+5 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010305)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z18066)Heilongjiang Touyan Team(Grant No.HITTY-20190033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.FRFCU5710051922)High-Level Professional Team in Shenzhen(Grant No.KQTD20210811090045006)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120001).
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have been widely acknowledged as a significant advancement in achieving sustainable energy conversion.However,the activation of newly established Pt-ionomer interfaces in the catalyst layer of PEMFCs can be a time-consuming and costly process to ensure proper coupling and performance.In order to gain valuable insights into this crucial activation process,we have conducted a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the commonly employed on-line(such as current or voltage control activation,short-circuiting activation,and air interruption activation)and off-line(including boiling or steaming,acidtreatment,and ultrasonic-treatment)activation methods.Our findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to enhanced performance within the catalyst layer,such as the reduction of Pt oxides and hydroxides,improved proton transport,and the reduction of“dead”regions.Moreover,this review emphasizes the significant challenges and future opportunities that lie in further enhancing the performance within the catalyst layer through the activation process.
文摘Chest computed tomography （CT） screening is becoming more popular in China. Therefore, more and more rare diseases and early stages of lung diseases were found. Here, we reported a case who presented as multiple ground glass nodules incidentally found in chest CT scan who had been suspected as synchronous multiple primary lung cancer （SMPLC） and/or metastatic cancer. She was finally diagnosed as tuberous sclerosis complex （TSC）, an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by the fort-nation of hanaartomatous lesions in the skin, eyes, kidney, and central nervous system. Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 （TSC1） gene mutation （c.1030-1G〉A） was found in her and her family members. This is a very rare report in China.
文摘To the Editor： Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis （PLCH） in adults is a rare disease occurring almost exclusively in smokers. The characteristic high-resolution computed tomography （HRCT） manifestation of PLCH is a combination of cysts （or cavities） and nodules mainly in the upper lung zone. However, not all HRCT patterns of PLCH are typical. Few treatments are effective in current practice regarding PLCH. Targeted therapy with an inhibitor of mutated BRAF （vemurafenib） has been proved effective in Langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） harboring BRAF valine at position 600 （V600E） mutation.MAP2K1 mutations are mutually exclusive with BRAF mutations and might have implications for the use of BRAF targeted therapy. Here, we reported a case of PLCH proven by lung biopsy.
基金supported by the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (No. 1610012024003)。
文摘Xanthium italicum is a globally distributed invasive weed that causes significant ecological and agricultural damage in the invaded areas.Although multiple mechanisms have been reported to contribute to its invasive success,the extent to which intraspecific differentiation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate this process in invaded habitats remains insufficiently understood.In this study,we conducted a common garden experiment with three nitrogen treatments: no nitrogen addition (NN),low nitrogen (LN: 2 g urea per pot),and high nitrogen (HN: 4 g urea per pot).Ten populations of invasive X.italicum (ten individuals per population,100 individuals total) and native Xanthium sibiricum (excluded from the NN treatment due to seed limitations) were grown under each nitrogen treatments.Under the NN treatment,we detected significant phenotypic differences among different invasive X.italicum populations across six growth traits (root length,shoot length,crown breadth,base diameter,relative chlorophyll content,and biomass).Furthermore,when subjected to the LN and HN treatments,invasive X.italicum exhibited significantly higher phenotypic plasticity compared with that of native X.sibiricum in biomass and base diameter.Our findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific differentiation may play important roles in facilitating the invasive success of X.italicum in China,potentially increasing the risk of further biological invasion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72202217)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M743163)the Key Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province(24A630034).
文摘Appropriate use of scientific early-warning infectious disease surveillance methods plays a vital role in disease control and prevention.Recently infectious gastroenteritis has become an important public health problem.In consideration of meteorological factors strongly linked with the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis,we obtained data on the number of infectious gastroenteritis cases and meteorological data from January 2008 to June 2023,a total of 808 weeks.We constructed a BiLSTM-BiGRU model to fit and predict the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis in Tokyo,Japan,to improve the prediction accuracy and early warning efficiency of infectious gastroenteritis,provide references for relevant departments to formulate infectious disease prevention and control measures in advance,and make emergency preparations.For this purpose,we also used three optimization algorithms for parameter tuning and constructed a moving percentile control chart warning model.The results show that the BiLSTM-BiGRU model performed better than mainstream deep learning methods.Among the three selected optimization algorithms,the Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm performed the best,with an R2 of 0.85,and led to reductions of 11.90%in RMSE,12.44%in MAE,and 16.18%in MAPE,respectively.We found that the GWO-BiLSTM-BiGRU model can fit and predict the number of infectious gastroenteritis cases in Tokyo accurately.Relevant departments should be alert to the high incidence of infectious gastroenteritis during weeks 3–5 each year based on the prediction and warning results.
基金ThisworkwasfinanciallysupportedbytheHebeiProvince Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(B2021203016)We acknowledge the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant No.52174281,51802059,21905070 and 22075062)+2 种基金China postdoctoral science foun-dation(Grant No.2018M631938)Heilongjiang Postdoc-toral Fund(LBH-Z18066)Heilongjiang Touyan Team(Grant No.HITTY-20190033).
文摘Low-temperature fuel cells(LTFCs)are considered to be one of the most promising power sources for widespread application in sustainable and renew-able energy conversion technologies.Although remarkable advances have been made in the mass activity of catalysts,mass transport impedance needs to be urgently addressed at a well-designed membrane electrode assembly(MEA)scale.Increasing the loading of electrocatalysts is conducive to prepare thinner and more efficient MEAs owing to the resulting enhanced reactant permeability,better proton diffusion,and lower electrical resistance.Herein,recent progress in high-loading(≥40 wt.%)Pt nanoparticle catalysts(NPCs)and high-loading(≥2 wt.%)single-atom catalysts(SACs)for LTFC applications are reviewed.A summary of various synthetic approaches and support materials for high-loading Pt NPCs and SACs is systematically presented.The influences of high surface area and appropriate surface functionalization for Pt NPCs,as well as coordina-tion environment,spatial confinement effect,and strong metal-support interac-tions(SMSI)for SACs are highlighted.Additionally,this review presents some ideas regarding challenges and future opportunities of high-loading catalysts in the application of LTFCs.
文摘INTRODUCTIONCryptogenic organizing pneumonia （COP） is a distinct type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a response rate of 65 85% on corticosteroid therapy. The difficulty of COP diagnosis is that the clinical features and the radiological findings are nonspecific. The pathological hallmark of organizing pneumonia （OP） needs to be confirmed. It can also occur in a variety of other interstitial pneumonia, infectious diseases, vasculitis, and so on. To increase the pathological reliability, larger and more tissue samples are required. According to the current classification of interstitial lung disease and guidelines, the surgical lung biopsy is recommended and is considered to be the best way of obtaining a representative lung specimen However, the invasive diagnostic procedures require general anesthesia and also increase the morbidity and mortality risks; therefore, only few patients undergo such biopsy. Thus, safer and more acceptable methods for identifying COP are urgently needed.
文摘This study was conducted to examine the pol-lination characteristics of Eremurus anisopterus,an ephe-meroid plant in the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China.An integrative approach combining field studies with lab analysis was adopted.Pollen traps were used to measure air-borne pollen loads and artificial isolation experiments were applied to test the potentiality of cross-pollination or apomixes.Results show that the duration of the flowering of Eremurus anisopterus varied from late April to mid-May.Anthesis of a single flower often lasted for 1 d.However,if the daily maximum air temperature was under 20℃,the anthesis of a single flower could be prolonged up to 2 d.The pollen dispersion period of the single flower could last for 4 to 5 h,from 10:30 to 15:00 local time,with the duration of pollen dispersion for a single anther lasting approximately 40 min.The heterotypical maturation of the stigma could significantly prolong the pollen dispersion period of the single flower suggesting an adaptation to the habitat of E.anisopterus in the desert where the pollinators were not reliable.The timing of the blossoms of the ephemeroid plant show close correlations with the wind velocity and the habit and characteristics of the pollinators in the desert.Plant pollens may be spread to over 70 m by wind with approximately 60%of the pollens falling within 20 m away from the plant.Insects,especially bees,hover flies,flesh flies,mason bees and Halictus sp.were very important pollinators.Bees and hover flies usually landed on the yellowish green spot on the tepal and then entered the flower along the purple vein on the pink tepals.The yellowish green spot might be a mimetic structure of nectar that could attract insects to visit.This was also an adaptation of the plant to the sandy desert environment.A higher visiting frequency was reached between 10:30 and 13:30.The pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)of E.anisopterus(6164)suggested that the species was from cross-pollination according to Cruden’s criterion.However,the arti-ficial isolation experiment shows that E.anisopterus is self-compatible which might act as a compensation mechanism for the inadequate opportunities for breeding in the desert environment.Since there was no seed set in the bagged emasculated flowers,apomixes did not occur.In conclusion,E.anisopterus might adapt to the unreliable pollinator habits by self-pollination and by lengthening the pollen dispersion period of a single flower.
