This paper presents a novel element differential method for modeling cracks in piezoelectric materials,aiming to simulate fracture behaviors and predict the fracture parameter known as the J-integral accurately.The me...This paper presents a novel element differential method for modeling cracks in piezoelectric materials,aiming to simulate fracture behaviors and predict the fracture parameter known as the J-integral accurately.The method leverages an efficient collocation technique to satisfy traction and electric charge equilibrium on the crack surface,aligning internal nodes with piezoelectric governing equations without needing integration or variational principles.It combines the strengths of the strong form collocation and finite element methods.The J-integral is derived analytically using the equivalent domain integral method,employing Green's formula and Gauss's divergence theorem to transform line integrals into area integrals for solving two-dimensional piezoelectric material problems.The accuracy of the method is validated through comparison with three typical examples,and it offers fracture prevention strategies for engineering piezoelectric structures under different electrical loading patterns.展开更多
Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silic...Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
This study addresses the challenges of near-field interference suppression and resource allocation in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)communication systems,particularly under denseuser sce...This study addresses the challenges of near-field interference suppression and resource allocation in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)communication systems,particularly under denseuser scenarios.We propose a quality-of-service(QoS)-aware joint user scheduling and power control scheme.Leveraging the spherical wave(SW)characteristics of near field channels,a dual-domain interference suppression strategy is developed by analyzing the spatial correlation of beam focusing vectors in terms of both angular separation and distance constraints.Based on this,a spatial correlation-based scheduling(SCS)algorithm is designed.By integrating this user selection strategy with a dynamic power allocation mechanism,the proposed approach optimizes the sum spectral efficiency while ensuring the user QoS.This framework is further extended to modular XL-MIMO systems.We show how modular deployment can enhance spatial resolution and develop an adapted QoS-aware user scheduling algorithm,called modular SCS(SCS-mod),for this architecture.Simulation results validate that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform existing schemes in terms of sum spectral efficiency and the number of scheduled users,especially under high user density and high transmission power conditions.展开更多
The classic cartoon“Calabash Brothers”describes a story of seven brothers born from a magic gourd uniting to defeat powerful enemies.In order to explore the secret of the magic gourd,several transition metals were u...The classic cartoon“Calabash Brothers”describes a story of seven brothers born from a magic gourd uniting to defeat powerful enemies.In order to explore the secret of the magic gourd,several transition metals were used to synthesize metal silicates(CMSi)by planted gourd leaves(GLs)and then the C-MSi materials were used to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes and devices with superior electrochemical performance.By integrating theoretical calculations and experimental results,the supercapacitor electrodes and devices obtained from the combination of transition metals with amorphous carbon exhibit superior electrochemical performance.In detail,in the three-electrode system,the Na OH etched materials(C-MSi)exhibited better electrochemical performance(for instance,as for C-CdSi,607 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)and the capacitance retention of 98.2%after 10,000cycles)than the unetched ones(i-C-MSi).Hybrid supercapacitor(HSC)devices also achieve very excellent electrochemical properties.Take C-CdSi//AC as an example,the areal specific capacitance with 691 mF cm^(-2)at 2 mA cm^(-2),the energy density with 5.04 Whm^(-2)at the power density of 22.2 Wm^(-2)and the cycle stability with 87.3%after 6,000 cycles.This approach is very versatile and was also applied to produce many hierarchically structured metal-silicate materials of other biomass precursors,including roots,vines,flowers,fruits and seeds of the planted gourds.Thus,it is a potential way to prepare transition metal silicates using biomaterials for the enhancement of electrochemical performance and improvement of energy storage and conversion.Also,this paper preliminarily reveals the secret of the magic gourd.展开更多
As a significant role in the human body,zinc ions were used to prepare the electrodes and devices of the supercapacitors with the amorphous carbon obtained from planted gourd leaves by in situ hydrolysis and in situ h...As a significant role in the human body,zinc ions were used to prepare the electrodes and devices of the supercapacitors with the amorphous carbon obtained from planted gourd leaves by in situ hydrolysis and in situ hydrothermal treatment.Herein,sandwich structure Zn_(2)SiO_(4)·H_(2)O@C@Zn_(2)SiO_(4)·H_(2)O(C@ZnSi and C@ZnSi@ZnSi)prepared by in-situ growth strategy is facilitated by the insertion and removal of OH^(-)adsorption for energy storage.As the conductive core,the internal amorphous C can facilitate the rapid transfer of electrons,thus significantly enhancing the conductivity of the materials.In detail,in the three-electrode system,C@ZnSi@ZnSi exhibited high electrochemical performance(591 Fg^(-1)at 0.5 Ag^(-1)and the capacitance retention of 98.7% after 10,000 cycles).The HSC devices also achieve very excellent electrochemical properties the areal specific capacitance with 714 mF cm^(-2)at 2 mA cm^(-2),the energy density with 4.65 Wh m^(-2)at the power density of 15.24 W m^(-2)and the cycle stability with 75.8% after 10,000 cycles.Additionally,it opens up a new territory for the preparation of supercapacitors,which enhances electrochemical performance while reducing environmental pollution and lowering costs.Due to the high electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors,it may serve as a possible explanation for the“superpowers”of the Calabash Brothers,especially the Red Boy and Orange Boy.展开更多
This paper demonstrates a monolithically integrated current reference and current mirror based on p-GaN gate HEMT technology,designed for high-temperature applications.The p-GaN current reference is composed of one D-...This paper demonstrates a monolithically integrated current reference and current mirror based on p-GaN gate HEMT technology,designed for high-temperature applications.The p-GaN current reference is composed of one D-mode and two E-mode devices.The generated reference current is independent of supply voltage since the proposed circuit incorporates a bias circuit capable of providing a supply-voltage-insensitive bias voltage.Moreover,under the zero-temperature coefficient(ZTC)bias voltage condition,the variation in the generated reference current at 200℃ is reduced by 15.4%,compared to a conventional p-GaN current reference with a bias voltage of 5 V.Experimental results indicate that the generated reference current slightly reduced from 2.53 to 1.70 mA over a broad temperature range of 25-200℃.In addition,a current mirror circuit based on p-GaN HEMT technology was designed to imitate a reference current.The influence of temperature on the output current of the current mirror is mitigated,which could be realised by biasing the gate-to-source voltage at the zero-temperature coefficient voltage.This design sustains the current mirror mismatch error with small variation across a temperature range from room temperature to 200℃.These results indicate that the GaN current reference and current mirror under zero-temperature coefficient bias voltage can ensure stable output current across different temperatures,facilitating the application of fully GaN integrated circuits in high-temperature environments.展开更多
In order to study the effect of fermentations on the quality of turnips,alterations in physicochemical indices,phenols,volatile organic compounds,and digestive properties of turnips were determined after fermentation ...In order to study the effect of fermentations on the quality of turnips,alterations in physicochemical indices,phenols,volatile organic compounds,and digestive properties of turnips were determined after fermentation with different lactic acid bacteria.The results showed that fermentation improved the hypolipidemic,hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of turnips and increased the content of quercetin,isorhamnetin.Phenols in the unfermented turnip were predominantly trans-ferulic acid,ferulic acid,and resveratrol,while quercetin,isorhamnetin,and kempferol contents increased after fermentation.Besides lactic acid,quinic acid and malic acid were also increased in fermented turnip.Lactobacillus rhamnosus CICC6154 fermented turnip exhibits superior bioactivity,but acetic acid and tartaric acid were elevated in the sample,which may have negative impact on the flavor of turnip.Fermented turnips provided a diversity of flavor compounds,a remarkable reduction in sulfur-containing volatile compounds,and improved flavor.The changes in organic acids,phenolics and flavor substances in fermented turnip showed significant strain specificity.The fermentation also reduced the reduction of loss of kaempferol and quercetin during simulated digestion.These results suggest that fermentation is an ideal method to enhance the functional activity of turnips.展开更多
Interplay between macrophages and dendritic cells in the processing and presentation of bacterial antigens for T-cell immune responses remains poorly understood. Using a Listeria monocytogenes （Lm） infection model, ...Interplay between macrophages and dendritic cells in the processing and presentation of bacterial antigens for T-cell immune responses remains poorly understood. Using a Listeria monocytogenes （Lm） infection model, we demonstrate that dendritic cells （DCs） require the support of macrophages to elicit protective immunity against Lm infection. DCs themselves were inefficient at taking up Lm but capable of taking up microparticles （MPs） released by Lm-infected macrophages. These MPs transferred Lm antigens to DCs, allowing DCs to present Lm antigen to effector T cells. MP-mediated Lm antigen transfer required M HC class I participation, since M HC class I deficiency in macrophages resulted in a significant reduction of T-cell activation. Moreover, the vaccination of mice with MPs from Lm-infected macrophages produced strong protective immunity against Lm infection. We here identify an intrinsic antigen transfer program between macrophages and DCs during Lm infection, and emphasize that macrophages also play an essential role in DC-elicited Lm-specific T-cell responses.展开更多
Recently,ammonium-ion(NH_(4)^(+))storage is in a booming stage in aqueous energy storage systems due to its multitudinous merits.To seek suitable electrode materials with excellent NH_(4)^(+)-storage is still in the e...Recently,ammonium-ion(NH_(4)^(+))storage is in a booming stage in aqueous energy storage systems due to its multitudinous merits.To seek suitable electrode materials with excellent NH_(4)^(+)-storage is still in the exploratory stage and full of challenge.Herein,an inorganic-polymer hybrid,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene)(PEDOT)intercalated hydrated vanadium oxide(VOH),named as VOH/PEDOT,is developed to tune the structure of VOH for boosting NH_(4)^(+)storage.By the intercalation of PEDOT,the interlayer space of VOH is increased from 11.5Åto 14.2Å,which notably facilitates the rapid transport of electrons and charges between layers and improves the electrochemical properties for NH_(4)^(+)storage.The achieved performances are much better than progressive NH_(4)^(+)hosting materials.In addition,the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol/ammonium chloride(PVA/NH_(4)Cl)electrolyte exerts a great impact on the NH_(4)^(+)storage in VOH/PEDOT.The VOH/PEDOT electrode delivers specific capacitance of 327 F g^(-1)in 1 M PVA/NH_(4)Cl electrolyte at-0.2–1 V.Furthermore,the quasi-solid-state VOH/PEDOT//active carbon hybrid supercapacitor(QSS VOH/PEDOT//AC HSC)device is assembled for NH_(4)^(+)storage,and it exhibits the capacitance of 328 mF cm^(-2)at 1 mA cm^(-2).The energy density of QSS VOH/PEDOT//AC NH4 t-HSC can reach 2.9 Wh m^(-2)(2.6 mWh cm^(-3),10.4 Wh kg^(-1))at 1 Wm^(-2)(0.9 mWh cm-3,35.7 W kg^(-1)).This work not only proves that the PEDOT intercalation can boost the NH_(4)^(+)storage capacity of vanadium oxides,but also provides a novel direction for the development of NH_(4)^(+)storage materials.展开更多
Over the past few years,the flexible quasi-solid-state zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(FQSS ZHSCs)have been found to be ideal for wearable electronics applications due to their high areal capacitance and energy densit...Over the past few years,the flexible quasi-solid-state zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(FQSS ZHSCs)have been found to be ideal for wearable electronics applications due to their high areal capacitance and energy density.The assembly of desirable ZHSCs devices that have promising practical applications is of high importance,whereas it is still challenging to assemble ZHSCs devices.In this study,a ZHSC that exhibited ultrahigh areal capacitance and high stability was developed by using an active carbon cloth(ACC)cathode,which could improve ionic adsorption.The as-obtained ACC cathode had an energy storage mechanism due to the electrical double-layer capacitive behavior of Zn^(2+),which was accompanied by the dissolution/deposition of Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)6·5H2O.The ACC//Zn@ACC ZHSC device exhibited an areal capacitance of 2437 mF cm^(−2)(81 F cm^(−3),203 F g^(-1) under the mass of ACC with∼12 mg cm^(−2))at 1 mA cm^(−2),an areal energy density of 1.354 mWh cm^(−2) at 1 mW cm^(−2),as well as high stability(with an insignificant capacitance decline after 20000 cycles),which was demonstrated to outperform the existing ZHSCs.Furthermore,the assembled flexible device still had competitive capacitance,energy density and service life when integrated into a FQSS ZHSC.When applied in practice,the device could achieve high mechanical flexibility,wearable stability and output.This study can inspire the development of the FQSS ZHSC device to satisfy the demands for wearable energy storage devices with high performance.展开更多
基金Financial support of this work by the Technology Development program of China(Grant No.2022204B003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272083 and 12172078)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT24YJ136)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This paper presents a novel element differential method for modeling cracks in piezoelectric materials,aiming to simulate fracture behaviors and predict the fracture parameter known as the J-integral accurately.The method leverages an efficient collocation technique to satisfy traction and electric charge equilibrium on the crack surface,aligning internal nodes with piezoelectric governing equations without needing integration or variational principles.It combines the strengths of the strong form collocation and finite element methods.The J-integral is derived analytically using the equivalent domain integral method,employing Green's formula and Gauss's divergence theorem to transform line integrals into area integrals for solving two-dimensional piezoelectric material problems.The accuracy of the method is validated through comparison with three typical examples,and it offers fracture prevention strategies for engineering piezoelectric structures under different electrical loading patterns.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT21LK34)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-113).
文摘Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation in Guangdong(No.2023A1515011980)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240070)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneur in Jiangsu(No.1104000402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62371289)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative。
文摘This study addresses the challenges of near-field interference suppression and resource allocation in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)communication systems,particularly under denseuser scenarios.We propose a quality-of-service(QoS)-aware joint user scheduling and power control scheme.Leveraging the spherical wave(SW)characteristics of near field channels,a dual-domain interference suppression strategy is developed by analyzing the spatial correlation of beam focusing vectors in terms of both angular separation and distance constraints.Based on this,a spatial correlation-based scheduling(SCS)algorithm is designed.By integrating this user selection strategy with a dynamic power allocation mechanism,the proposed approach optimizes the sum spectral efficiency while ensuring the user QoS.This framework is further extended to modular XL-MIMO systems.We show how modular deployment can enhance spatial resolution and develop an adapted QoS-aware user scheduling algorithm,called modular SCS(SCS-mod),for this architecture.Simulation results validate that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform existing schemes in terms of sum spectral efficiency and the number of scheduled users,especially under high user density and high transmission power conditions.
基金supported by the Horizontal Project from the Dalian Wonful Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd (881150)the Anhui Province Applied Peak Cultivation Discipline (XK-XJGF005)+2 种基金the Anhui Province Quartz Sand Purification and Photovoltaic Glass Engineering Research Center ([2022]547-49)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (KJ2020A0055)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21771030)。
文摘The classic cartoon“Calabash Brothers”describes a story of seven brothers born from a magic gourd uniting to defeat powerful enemies.In order to explore the secret of the magic gourd,several transition metals were used to synthesize metal silicates(CMSi)by planted gourd leaves(GLs)and then the C-MSi materials were used to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes and devices with superior electrochemical performance.By integrating theoretical calculations and experimental results,the supercapacitor electrodes and devices obtained from the combination of transition metals with amorphous carbon exhibit superior electrochemical performance.In detail,in the three-electrode system,the Na OH etched materials(C-MSi)exhibited better electrochemical performance(for instance,as for C-CdSi,607 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)and the capacitance retention of 98.2%after 10,000cycles)than the unetched ones(i-C-MSi).Hybrid supercapacitor(HSC)devices also achieve very excellent electrochemical properties.Take C-CdSi//AC as an example,the areal specific capacitance with 691 mF cm^(-2)at 2 mA cm^(-2),the energy density with 5.04 Whm^(-2)at the power density of 22.2 Wm^(-2)and the cycle stability with 87.3%after 6,000 cycles.This approach is very versatile and was also applied to produce many hierarchically structured metal-silicate materials of other biomass precursors,including roots,vines,flowers,fruits and seeds of the planted gourds.Thus,it is a potential way to prepare transition metal silicates using biomaterials for the enhancement of electrochemical performance and improvement of energy storage and conversion.Also,this paper preliminarily reveals the secret of the magic gourd.
基金supported by the Anhui Province Key Research and Development Program(202304a05020085)the Anhui Province Quartz Sand Purification and Photovoltaic Glass Engineering Research Center([2022]547-49)+2 种基金the Anhui Province Applied Peak Cultivation Discipline(XK-XJGF005)the College Student Innovation Training Program(S202310879103,S202410879116)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21771030)。
文摘As a significant role in the human body,zinc ions were used to prepare the electrodes and devices of the supercapacitors with the amorphous carbon obtained from planted gourd leaves by in situ hydrolysis and in situ hydrothermal treatment.Herein,sandwich structure Zn_(2)SiO_(4)·H_(2)O@C@Zn_(2)SiO_(4)·H_(2)O(C@ZnSi and C@ZnSi@ZnSi)prepared by in-situ growth strategy is facilitated by the insertion and removal of OH^(-)adsorption for energy storage.As the conductive core,the internal amorphous C can facilitate the rapid transfer of electrons,thus significantly enhancing the conductivity of the materials.In detail,in the three-electrode system,C@ZnSi@ZnSi exhibited high electrochemical performance(591 Fg^(-1)at 0.5 Ag^(-1)and the capacitance retention of 98.7% after 10,000 cycles).The HSC devices also achieve very excellent electrochemical properties the areal specific capacitance with 714 mF cm^(-2)at 2 mA cm^(-2),the energy density with 4.65 Wh m^(-2)at the power density of 15.24 W m^(-2)and the cycle stability with 75.8% after 10,000 cycles.Additionally,it opens up a new territory for the preparation of supercapacitors,which enhances electrochemical performance while reducing environmental pollution and lowering costs.Due to the high electrochemical performance of the supercapacitors,it may serve as a possible explanation for the“superpowers”of the Calabash Brothers,especially the Red Boy and Orange Boy.
基金supported by XJTLU Research Development Fund(RDF-21-02-031,PGRS2206039)。
文摘This paper demonstrates a monolithically integrated current reference and current mirror based on p-GaN gate HEMT technology,designed for high-temperature applications.The p-GaN current reference is composed of one D-mode and two E-mode devices.The generated reference current is independent of supply voltage since the proposed circuit incorporates a bias circuit capable of providing a supply-voltage-insensitive bias voltage.Moreover,under the zero-temperature coefficient(ZTC)bias voltage condition,the variation in the generated reference current at 200℃ is reduced by 15.4%,compared to a conventional p-GaN current reference with a bias voltage of 5 V.Experimental results indicate that the generated reference current slightly reduced from 2.53 to 1.70 mA over a broad temperature range of 25-200℃.In addition,a current mirror circuit based on p-GaN HEMT technology was designed to imitate a reference current.The influence of temperature on the output current of the current mirror is mitigated,which could be realised by biasing the gate-to-source voltage at the zero-temperature coefficient voltage.This design sustains the current mirror mismatch error with small variation across a temperature range from room temperature to 200℃.These results indicate that the GaN current reference and current mirror under zero-temperature coefficient bias voltage can ensure stable output current across different temperatures,facilitating the application of fully GaN integrated circuits in high-temperature environments.
基金supported by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Program Projects(No.2022B02058)Tianchi Talent Young Doctor Programme of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China,Scientific and Technological Research in Key Areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(No.2024AB050)the Highlevel Talent Research Project of Shihezi University(No.RCZK202347).
文摘In order to study the effect of fermentations on the quality of turnips,alterations in physicochemical indices,phenols,volatile organic compounds,and digestive properties of turnips were determined after fermentation with different lactic acid bacteria.The results showed that fermentation improved the hypolipidemic,hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of turnips and increased the content of quercetin,isorhamnetin.Phenols in the unfermented turnip were predominantly trans-ferulic acid,ferulic acid,and resveratrol,while quercetin,isorhamnetin,and kempferol contents increased after fermentation.Besides lactic acid,quinic acid and malic acid were also increased in fermented turnip.Lactobacillus rhamnosus CICC6154 fermented turnip exhibits superior bioactivity,but acetic acid and tartaric acid were elevated in the sample,which may have negative impact on the flavor of turnip.Fermented turnips provided a diversity of flavor compounds,a remarkable reduction in sulfur-containing volatile compounds,and improved flavor.The changes in organic acids,phenolics and flavor substances in fermented turnip showed significant strain specificity.The fermentation also reduced the reduction of loss of kaempferol and quercetin during simulated digestion.These results suggest that fermentation is an ideal method to enhance the functional activity of turnips.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （2012CB932500）, Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30911120482）, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-08-0219） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （HUST-2010JC024, HUST-2011TS027）.
文摘Interplay between macrophages and dendritic cells in the processing and presentation of bacterial antigens for T-cell immune responses remains poorly understood. Using a Listeria monocytogenes （Lm） infection model, we demonstrate that dendritic cells （DCs） require the support of macrophages to elicit protective immunity against Lm infection. DCs themselves were inefficient at taking up Lm but capable of taking up microparticles （MPs） released by Lm-infected macrophages. These MPs transferred Lm antigens to DCs, allowing DCs to present Lm antigen to effector T cells. MP-mediated Lm antigen transfer required M HC class I participation, since M HC class I deficiency in macrophages resulted in a significant reduction of T-cell activation. Moreover, the vaccination of mice with MPs from Lm-infected macrophages produced strong protective immunity against Lm infection. We here identify an intrinsic antigen transfer program between macrophages and DCs during Lm infection, and emphasize that macrophages also play an essential role in DC-elicited Lm-specific T-cell responses.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT21LK34)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-113).
文摘Recently,ammonium-ion(NH_(4)^(+))storage is in a booming stage in aqueous energy storage systems due to its multitudinous merits.To seek suitable electrode materials with excellent NH_(4)^(+)-storage is still in the exploratory stage and full of challenge.Herein,an inorganic-polymer hybrid,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene)(PEDOT)intercalated hydrated vanadium oxide(VOH),named as VOH/PEDOT,is developed to tune the structure of VOH for boosting NH_(4)^(+)storage.By the intercalation of PEDOT,the interlayer space of VOH is increased from 11.5Åto 14.2Å,which notably facilitates the rapid transport of electrons and charges between layers and improves the electrochemical properties for NH_(4)^(+)storage.The achieved performances are much better than progressive NH_(4)^(+)hosting materials.In addition,the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol/ammonium chloride(PVA/NH_(4)Cl)electrolyte exerts a great impact on the NH_(4)^(+)storage in VOH/PEDOT.The VOH/PEDOT electrode delivers specific capacitance of 327 F g^(-1)in 1 M PVA/NH_(4)Cl electrolyte at-0.2–1 V.Furthermore,the quasi-solid-state VOH/PEDOT//active carbon hybrid supercapacitor(QSS VOH/PEDOT//AC HSC)device is assembled for NH_(4)^(+)storage,and it exhibits the capacitance of 328 mF cm^(-2)at 1 mA cm^(-2).The energy density of QSS VOH/PEDOT//AC NH4 t-HSC can reach 2.9 Wh m^(-2)(2.6 mWh cm^(-3),10.4 Wh kg^(-1))at 1 Wm^(-2)(0.9 mWh cm-3,35.7 W kg^(-1)).This work not only proves that the PEDOT intercalation can boost the NH_(4)^(+)storage capacity of vanadium oxides,but also provides a novel direction for the development of NH_(4)^(+)storage materials.
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21771030)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT21LK34)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2020-MS-113).
文摘Over the past few years,the flexible quasi-solid-state zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(FQSS ZHSCs)have been found to be ideal for wearable electronics applications due to their high areal capacitance and energy density.The assembly of desirable ZHSCs devices that have promising practical applications is of high importance,whereas it is still challenging to assemble ZHSCs devices.In this study,a ZHSC that exhibited ultrahigh areal capacitance and high stability was developed by using an active carbon cloth(ACC)cathode,which could improve ionic adsorption.The as-obtained ACC cathode had an energy storage mechanism due to the electrical double-layer capacitive behavior of Zn^(2+),which was accompanied by the dissolution/deposition of Zn_(4)SO_(4)(OH)6·5H2O.The ACC//Zn@ACC ZHSC device exhibited an areal capacitance of 2437 mF cm^(−2)(81 F cm^(−3),203 F g^(-1) under the mass of ACC with∼12 mg cm^(−2))at 1 mA cm^(−2),an areal energy density of 1.354 mWh cm^(−2) at 1 mW cm^(−2),as well as high stability(with an insignificant capacitance decline after 20000 cycles),which was demonstrated to outperform the existing ZHSCs.Furthermore,the assembled flexible device still had competitive capacitance,energy density and service life when integrated into a FQSS ZHSC.When applied in practice,the device could achieve high mechanical flexibility,wearable stability and output.This study can inspire the development of the FQSS ZHSC device to satisfy the demands for wearable energy storage devices with high performance.
