Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed ...Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.展开更多
Methamphetamine is one of the most prevalent drugs abused in the world.Methamphetamine abusers usually present with hyperpyrexia (39℃),hallucination and other psychiatric symptoms.However,the detailed mechanism under...Methamphetamine is one of the most prevalent drugs abused in the world.Methamphetamine abusers usually present with hyperpyrexia (39℃),hallucination and other psychiatric symptoms.However,the detailed mechanism underlying its neurotoxic action remains elusive.This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine + 39℃ on primary cortical neurons from the cortex of embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats.Primary cortex neurons were exposed to 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃.Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that methamphetamine + 39℃ triggered obvious necrosis-like death in cultured primary cortical neurons,which could be partially inhibited by receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) inhibitor Necrostatin-1 partially.Western blot assay results showed that there were increases in the expressions of receptor-interacting protein-3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in the primary cortical neurons treated with 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃ for 3 hours.After pre-treatment with RIP3 inhibitor GSK’872,propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that neuronal necrosis rate was significantly decreased;RIP3 and MLKL protein expression significantly decreased.Immunohistochemistry staining results also showed that the expressions of RIP3 and MLKL were up-regulated in brain specimens from humans who had died of methamphetamine abuse.Taken together,the above results suggest that methamphetamine + 39℃ can induce RIP3/MLKL regulated necroptosis,thereby resulting in neurotoxicity.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,China (approval numbers: 2017-S026 and 2017-S033) on March 7,2017.展开更多
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem known as the second brain'.Composing the microbiota-gut-brain axis,the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the central nervous system through neural,en...The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem known as the second brain'.Composing the microbiota-gut-brain axis,the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the central nervous system through neural,endocrine and immune pathways to ensure the normal functioning of the organism,tuning individuals'health and disease status.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),the main bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota,are involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders,including depression.SCFAs have essential effects on each component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression.In the present review,the roles of major SCFAs(acetate,propionate and butyrate)in the pathophysiology of depression are summarised with respect to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,neuroinflammation,host epigenome and neuroendocrine alterations.Concluding remarks on the biological mechanisms related to gut microbiota will hopefully address the clinical value of microbiota-related treatments for depression.展开更多
Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival.The zona incerta(ZI)has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning...Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival.The zona incerta(ZI)has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory,as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior.However,whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown.Here,we found that somatostatin(SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus.Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus.Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia.In addition,we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens(Re)mediated fear-like defensive behavior.Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus(SC)that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI(SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway).Together,our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.展开更多
Biomass carbon and small redox biomolecules are attractive materials for green,sustainable energy storage devices owing to their environmentally friendly,low-cost,scalable,and novel sources.However,most devices manufa...Biomass carbon and small redox biomolecules are attractive materials for green,sustainable energy storage devices owing to their environmentally friendly,low-cost,scalable,and novel sources.However,most devices manufactured using these materials have low specific capacitance,poor cycle stability,short lifetime,complexity,and low precision of device fabrication.Herein,we report the directed self-assembly of mononuclear anthraquinone(MAQ)derivatives and porous lignin-based graphene oxide(PLGO)into a renewable colloidal gel through noncovalent interactions.These self-assembled gel electrode materials exhibited high capacitance(484.8 F g^(−1) at a current density of 1 A g^(−1))and could be further printed as flexible micro-supercapacitors(FMSCs)with arbitrary patterns and a relatively high resolution on specific substrates.The FMSCs exhibited excellent areal capacitance(43.6 mF cm^(−2)),energy and power densities(6.1μWh cm^(−2) and 50μW cm^(−2),respectively),and cycle stability(>10,000 cycles).Furthermore,the printed FMSCs and integrated FMSC arrays exhibited remarkable flexibility while maintaining a stable capacitance.The proposed approach can be applied to other quinone biomolecules and biomass-based carbon materials.This study provides a basis for fabricating green and sustainable energy storage device architectures with high capacitance,long-term cycling,high scalability,and high precision.展开更多
In this study,the strain rate-dependent dynamic tensile behavior of ZrB2-20%SiC ceramic composite was investigated using experimental and numerical approaches.The split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus was used to mea...In this study,the strain rate-dependent dynamic tensile behavior of ZrB2-20%SiC ceramic composite was investigated using experimental and numerical approaches.The split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus was used to measure the dynamic splitting tensile response at strain rates of 17-67 s^(−1).The experiment results demonstrate a significant strain rate dependence of the dynamic tensile behavior of the ZrB2-SiC ceramic composite.The dynamic tensile strength increased linearly with the strain rate,from 288 MPa at 17 s^(−1)to 654 MPa at 67 s^(−1).Moreover,a strain rate-dependent tensile strength was introduced into a modified JH-2 model to describe the dynamic tensile behavior and fracture process of ZrB2-SiC ceramics.The numerical results of dynamic tensile strength agree well with the experimental result.Moreover,the fracture process of ZrB2-SiC ceramics under dynamic tension was further studied by combining high-speed images and numerical results.The effect of strain rate on the fracture process and failure patterns of the ZrB2-SiC ceramic composite could be verified by the modified JH-2 model.展开更多
Satellite-terrestrial networks have garnered significant attention in recent years and are extensively applied in intelligent transportation and emergency rescue.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the lates...Satellite-terrestrial networks have garnered significant attention in recent years and are extensively applied in intelligent transportation and emergency rescue.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements in satellite-terrestrial integrated network(STIN)technologies from a network perspective,dividing STIN technologies into three categories according to network service flows—namely,topology maintenance,network routing,and orchestration transmission technologies.Furthermore,a novel network-layer perspective is considered to examine the applications of STINs across various domains,along with related frameworks,platforms,simulators,and datasets.Finally,this paper explores the mainstream research directions in STIN technologies,with an innovative focus on the network layer.It reviews the existing literature,outlines future trends,and discusses opportunities for collaboration with related fields.展开更多
Background Antenatal anxiety(AA)is a common mental disorder during pregnancy and adversely affects the wellbeing of both pregnant women and their offspring.The prevalence of AA is exceptionally high in the first trime...Background Antenatal anxiety(AA)is a common mental disorder during pregnancy and adversely affects the wellbeing of both pregnant women and their offspring.The prevalence of AA is exceptionally high in the first trimester,yet there is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on AA in the first trimester.Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of AA among Chinese pregnant women during the first trimester.Methods We retrospectively retrieved and analysed data on the mental health screening of perinatal women at Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital in China from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2024.A total of 42013 pregnant women with less than 14 weeks of gestation were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7).A GAD-7 score≥10 indicates AA.Univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify risk factors for AA.Results Among the participants,1066(2.54%)experienced AA in the first trimester.Factors associated with a higher risk of AA included being under 25 years old,temporary residence,below senior high school education,low or moderate economic status,primipara,unplanned pregnancy,smoking,alcohol use,lack of exercise,low or moderate living conditions,low or moderate marital satisfaction and reluctance to discuss troubles with others.Conclusions AA manifests as a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various sociodemographic,obstetrical,lifestyle and psychosocial factors.Preventing AA requires collaboration among hospitals,communities and families.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression ca...BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression can help to prevent adverse outcomes.However,there have been few population-based studies focusing on the association of social and obstetric risk factors with antenatal depression in China.AIM To assess the sociodemographic and obstetric factors of antenatal depression and compare the network structure of depressive symptoms across different risk levels based on a large Chinese population.METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2024.Antenatal depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),with a score of≥13 indicating the presence of probable antenatal depression.Theχ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with antenatal depression.Network analyses were conducted to investigate the structure of depressive symptoms across groups with different risk levels.RESULTS Among the 44220 pregnant women,the prevalence of probable antenatal depression was 4.4%.An age≤24 years,a lower level of education(≤12 years),low or moderate economic status,having a history of mental disorders,being in the first trimester,being a primipara,unplanned pregnancy,and pregnancy without pre-pregnancy screening were found to be associated with antenatal depression(all P<0.05).Depressive symptom networks across groups with different risk levels revealed robust interconnections between symptoms.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")showed the highest nodal strength across groups with different risk levels.CONCLUSION This study suggested that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 4.4%.Several social and obstetric factors were identified as risk factors for antenatal depression.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")are pivotal targets for clinical intervention to alleviate the burden of antenatal depression.Early identification of highrisk groups is crucial for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to improve the overall quality of life for pregnant women.展开更多
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century,several countries have made great efforts to develop space remote sensing for building a high-resolution earth observation system.Under the great attention of the govern...Since the beginning of the twenty-first century,several countries have made great efforts to develop space remote sensing for building a high-resolution earth observation system.Under the great attention of the government and the guidance of the major scientific and technological project of the high-resolution earth observation system,China has made continuous breakthroughs and progress in high-resolution remote sensing imaging technology.The development of domestic high-resolution remote sensing satellites shows a vigorous trend,and consequently,a relatively stable and perfect high-resolution earth observation system has been formed.The development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites has greatly promoted and enriched modern mapping technologies and methods.In this paper,the development status,along with mapping modes and applications of China’s high-resolution remote sensing satellites are reviewed,and the development trend in high-resolution earth observation system for global and ground control-free mapping is discussed,providing a reference for the subsequent development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites in China.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Schistosoma japonicum(S.japonicum) egg antigen on fibrogenesis and apoptosis in primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).METHODS:A mouse model of schistosomias...AIM:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Schistosoma japonicum(S.japonicum) egg antigen on fibrogenesis and apoptosis in primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).METHODS:A mouse model of schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis(SSLF) was established by infecting mice with schistosomal cercaria via the abdomen.HSCs were isolated from SSLF mice by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation,and their identity was confirmed by immunofluorescence double staining of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and desmin.The growth inhibitory effect and 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) of S.japonicum egg antigen for primary HSCs(24 h) were determined using a cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay.The expression levels of α-SMA,matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMOL/LP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) in HSCs in response to different concentrations of S.japonicum egg antigen were detected by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.The levels of phospho-P38(P-P38),phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase(P-JNK) and phospho-Akt(P-AKT) in HSCs were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:An SSLF mouse model was established,and primary HSCs were successfully isolated and cultured.S.japonicum egg antigen inhibited HSC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.The IC50 of the S.japonicum egg antigen was 244.53 ± 35.26 μg/mL.S.japonicum egg antigen enhanced α-SMA expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and enhanced TIMP-1 expression at the mRNA level in HSCs(P < 0.05),whereas the expression of MMOL/LP-9 was attenuated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner(P < 0.05).A high concentration of S.japonicum egg antigen enhanced P-P38,P-JNK and P-AKT activation(P < 0.05).The changes in α-SMA and MMOL/LP-9 expression induced by S.japonicum egg antigen were closely correlated with P-P38 and P-JNK activation(P < 0.05).The attenuation of MMOL/LP-9 was also correlated with P-AKT activation(P < 0.05),but the increase in α-SMA expression was not.TIMP-1 expression was not correlated with P-P38,P-JNK or P-AKT activation.CONCLUSION:S.japonicum egg antigen promotes fibrogenesis,activates the P38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT/PI3K signaling pathways and inhibits proliferation in primary HSCs isolated from SSLF mice in a concentration-dependent manner.展开更多
The launching of CBERS-01(China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite)in 1999,China’s first land observation satellite,signifies an unprecedented milestone in Chinese satellite remote sensing history.Since then,a large num...The launching of CBERS-01(China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite)in 1999,China’s first land observation satellite,signifies an unprecedented milestone in Chinese satellite remote sensing history.Since then,a large number of applications have been developed that drew upon solely CBERS-01 and other Chinese land observation satellites.The application development evolves from one satellite to multiple satellites,from one series of satellites to multiple series,from scientific research to industrial applications.Six aspects of the Chinese land observation satellite program are discussed in this paper:development status,data sharing and distribution,satellite calibration,industrial data applications,future prospects,and conclusion.展开更多
Since the twenty-first century,with the rapid development of high-resolution earth observation satellites,the earth observation satellite system has developed from the initial single satellite observation model to the...Since the twenty-first century,with the rapid development of high-resolution earth observation satellites,the earth observation satellite system has developed from the initial single satellite observation model to the current satellite constellation formed by light and small satellites observation model.All-weather and all-directional fine earth observation can now be realized.In the future,the satellite constellation,communication satellites,navigation satellites,and aircrafts are linked through dynamic linking network to form an air-space information network to realize real-time services of intelligent air-space information.To further enhance the perception,cognition,and quick response ability of the network,we propose the concept and model of the Earth Observation Brain(EOB)−the intelligent earth system based on events perception in this paper.Then,some key technologies needed to be solved in the EOB are also described.An application example is illustrated to show the process of perception and cognition in the primary stage of the EOB.In the future,EOB can observe what change of what object,the when and where to push these right information to mobile terminal of right people at the right time and right place.Global users can obtain any data,information,and knowledge in real-time through the EOB.展开更多
基金Shenyang Governmental Science and Technology Program(Project No.22-316-2-02)China Agriculture Research System Program(Project No.CARS-41-G04).
文摘Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971891(to KX),81571939(to KX),81772134(to KX),81772024(to JY),and 81860781(to FXL)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China,No.2018SK2091(to KX)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,No.2017JJ2339(to JY)the Wu Jie-Ping Medical Foundation of the Minister of Health of China,No.320.6750.14118(to KX)
文摘Methamphetamine is one of the most prevalent drugs abused in the world.Methamphetamine abusers usually present with hyperpyrexia (39℃),hallucination and other psychiatric symptoms.However,the detailed mechanism underlying its neurotoxic action remains elusive.This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine + 39℃ on primary cortical neurons from the cortex of embryonic Sprague-Dawley rats.Primary cortex neurons were exposed to 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃.Propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that methamphetamine + 39℃ triggered obvious necrosis-like death in cultured primary cortical neurons,which could be partially inhibited by receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) inhibitor Necrostatin-1 partially.Western blot assay results showed that there were increases in the expressions of receptor-interacting protein-3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in the primary cortical neurons treated with 1 mM methamphetamine + 39℃ for 3 hours.After pre-treatment with RIP3 inhibitor GSK’872,propidium iodide staining and lactate dehydrogenase release detection showed that neuronal necrosis rate was significantly decreased;RIP3 and MLKL protein expression significantly decreased.Immunohistochemistry staining results also showed that the expressions of RIP3 and MLKL were up-regulated in brain specimens from humans who had died of methamphetamine abuse.Taken together,the above results suggest that methamphetamine + 39℃ can induce RIP3/MLKL regulated necroptosis,thereby resulting in neurotoxicity.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,China (approval numbers: 2017-S026 and 2017-S033) on March 7,2017.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001437 and 82371535)STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202000)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3083).
文摘The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem known as the second brain'.Composing the microbiota-gut-brain axis,the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the central nervous system through neural,endocrine and immune pathways to ensure the normal functioning of the organism,tuning individuals'health and disease status.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),the main bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota,are involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders,including depression.SCFAs have essential effects on each component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression.In the present review,the roles of major SCFAs(acetate,propionate and butyrate)in the pathophysiology of depression are summarised with respect to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,neuroinflammation,host epigenome and neuroendocrine alterations.Concluding remarks on the biological mechanisms related to gut microbiota will hopefully address the clinical value of microbiota-related treatments for depression.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of Brain Science and Brain-like Research(2021ZD0202700,2021ZD0202702)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001,2018B030334001)+6 种基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82090030,82090031)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-057)the Ministry of Science and Technology(2019YFA0110103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870898)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021FZZX001-37)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR18H090002)the Young Scientist Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001135).
文摘Defensive behaviors induced by innate fear or Pavlovian fear conditioning are crucial for animals to avoid threats and ensure survival.The zona incerta(ZI)has been demonstrated to play important roles in fear learning and fear memory,as well as modulating auditory-induced innate defensive behavior.However,whether the neuronal subtypes in the ZI and specific circuits can mediate the innate fear response is largely unknown.Here,we found that somatostatin(SST)-positive neurons in the rostral ZI of mice were activated by a visual innate fear stimulus.Optogenetic inhibition of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI resulted in reduced flight responses to an overhead looming stimulus.Optogenetic activation of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI induced fear-like defensive behavior including increased immobility and bradycardia.In addition,we demonstrated that manipulation of the GABAergic projections from SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI to the downstream nucleus reuniens(Re)mediated fear-like defensive behavior.Retrograde trans-synaptic tracing also revealed looming stimulus-activated neurons in the superior colliculus(SC)that projected to the Re-projecting SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI(SC-ZIrSST-Re pathway).Together,our study elucidates the function of SST-positive neurons in the rostral ZI and the SC-ZIrSST-Re tri-synaptic circuit in mediating the innate fear response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21905069 and U21A20307)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Grant Nos.ZDSYS20190902093220279,KQTD20170809110344233,GXWD20201230155427003-20200821181245001,GXWD20201230155427003-20200821181809001,and ZX20200151)+1 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020A1515110879)University Stable Support Foundation of Shenzhen(Grant No.GXWD20201230155427003-20200821181809001).
文摘Biomass carbon and small redox biomolecules are attractive materials for green,sustainable energy storage devices owing to their environmentally friendly,low-cost,scalable,and novel sources.However,most devices manufactured using these materials have low specific capacitance,poor cycle stability,short lifetime,complexity,and low precision of device fabrication.Herein,we report the directed self-assembly of mononuclear anthraquinone(MAQ)derivatives and porous lignin-based graphene oxide(PLGO)into a renewable colloidal gel through noncovalent interactions.These self-assembled gel electrode materials exhibited high capacitance(484.8 F g^(−1) at a current density of 1 A g^(−1))and could be further printed as flexible micro-supercapacitors(FMSCs)with arbitrary patterns and a relatively high resolution on specific substrates.The FMSCs exhibited excellent areal capacitance(43.6 mF cm^(−2)),energy and power densities(6.1μWh cm^(−2) and 50μW cm^(−2),respectively),and cycle stability(>10,000 cycles).Furthermore,the printed FMSCs and integrated FMSC arrays exhibited remarkable flexibility while maintaining a stable capacitance.The proposed approach can be applied to other quinone biomolecules and biomass-based carbon materials.This study provides a basis for fabricating green and sustainable energy storage device architectures with high capacitance,long-term cycling,high scalability,and high precision.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11602061 and 51968009)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province(Grant Nos.[2017]1033 and[2020]1Y244)Civil Engineering First-Class Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou Province(Grant No.QYNYL[2017]0013).
文摘In this study,the strain rate-dependent dynamic tensile behavior of ZrB2-20%SiC ceramic composite was investigated using experimental and numerical approaches.The split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus was used to measure the dynamic splitting tensile response at strain rates of 17-67 s^(−1).The experiment results demonstrate a significant strain rate dependence of the dynamic tensile behavior of the ZrB2-SiC ceramic composite.The dynamic tensile strength increased linearly with the strain rate,from 288 MPa at 17 s^(−1)to 654 MPa at 67 s^(−1).Moreover,a strain rate-dependent tensile strength was introduced into a modified JH-2 model to describe the dynamic tensile behavior and fracture process of ZrB2-SiC ceramics.The numerical results of dynamic tensile strength agree well with the experimental result.Moreover,the fracture process of ZrB2-SiC ceramics under dynamic tension was further studied by combining high-speed images and numerical results.The effect of strain rate on the fracture process and failure patterns of the ZrB2-SiC ceramic composite could be verified by the modified JH-2 model.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3108400)the Hubei Province Key Research and Development Program(2024BAB051).
文摘Satellite-terrestrial networks have garnered significant attention in recent years and are extensively applied in intelligent transportation and emergency rescue.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements in satellite-terrestrial integrated network(STIN)technologies from a network perspective,dividing STIN technologies into three categories according to network service flows—namely,topology maintenance,network routing,and orchestration transmission technologies.Furthermore,a novel network-layer perspective is considered to examine the applications of STINs across various domains,along with related frameworks,platforms,simulators,and datasets.Finally,this paper explores the mainstream research directions in STIN technologies,with an innovative focus on the network layer.It reviews the existing literature,outlines future trends,and discusses opportunities for collaboration with related fields.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(YZ,U23A20434)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(BL,82371535)(LZ,82171518)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(BL,2021YFF1201204)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(BL,2023RC3083)the Postgraduate Innovative Project of Central South University(SX,2021zzts0376).
文摘Background Antenatal anxiety(AA)is a common mental disorder during pregnancy and adversely affects the wellbeing of both pregnant women and their offspring.The prevalence of AA is exceptionally high in the first trimester,yet there is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on AA in the first trimester.Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of AA among Chinese pregnant women during the first trimester.Methods We retrospectively retrieved and analysed data on the mental health screening of perinatal women at Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital in China from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2024.A total of 42013 pregnant women with less than 14 weeks of gestation were assessed using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7).A GAD-7 score≥10 indicates AA.Univariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify risk factors for AA.Results Among the participants,1066(2.54%)experienced AA in the first trimester.Factors associated with a higher risk of AA included being under 25 years old,temporary residence,below senior high school education,low or moderate economic status,primipara,unplanned pregnancy,smoking,alcohol use,lack of exercise,low or moderate living conditions,low or moderate marital satisfaction and reluctance to discuss troubles with others.Conclusions AA manifests as a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by various sociodemographic,obstetrical,lifestyle and psychosocial factors.Preventing AA requires collaboration among hospitals,communities and families.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U23A20434National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301738,No.82371535,and No.82171518+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFF1201204the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2023RC3083.
文摘BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression can help to prevent adverse outcomes.However,there have been few population-based studies focusing on the association of social and obstetric risk factors with antenatal depression in China.AIM To assess the sociodemographic and obstetric factors of antenatal depression and compare the network structure of depressive symptoms across different risk levels based on a large Chinese population.METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2024.Antenatal depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),with a score of≥13 indicating the presence of probable antenatal depression.Theχ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with antenatal depression.Network analyses were conducted to investigate the structure of depressive symptoms across groups with different risk levels.RESULTS Among the 44220 pregnant women,the prevalence of probable antenatal depression was 4.4%.An age≤24 years,a lower level of education(≤12 years),low or moderate economic status,having a history of mental disorders,being in the first trimester,being a primipara,unplanned pregnancy,and pregnancy without pre-pregnancy screening were found to be associated with antenatal depression(all P<0.05).Depressive symptom networks across groups with different risk levels revealed robust interconnections between symptoms.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")showed the highest nodal strength across groups with different risk levels.CONCLUSION This study suggested that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 4.4%.Several social and obstetric factors were identified as risk factors for antenatal depression.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")are pivotal targets for clinical intervention to alleviate the burden of antenatal depression.Early identification of highrisk groups is crucial for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to improve the overall quality of life for pregnant women.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 91738302 and 91838303]the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars[grant number 61825103]Thanks for the support of China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application(CRESDA).
文摘Since the beginning of the twenty-first century,several countries have made great efforts to develop space remote sensing for building a high-resolution earth observation system.Under the great attention of the government and the guidance of the major scientific and technological project of the high-resolution earth observation system,China has made continuous breakthroughs and progress in high-resolution remote sensing imaging technology.The development of domestic high-resolution remote sensing satellites shows a vigorous trend,and consequently,a relatively stable and perfect high-resolution earth observation system has been formed.The development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites has greatly promoted and enriched modern mapping technologies and methods.In this paper,the development status,along with mapping modes and applications of China’s high-resolution remote sensing satellites are reviewed,and the development trend in high-resolution earth observation system for global and ground control-free mapping is discussed,providing a reference for the subsequent development of high-resolution remote sensing satellites in China.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81071381
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of Schistosoma japonicum(S.japonicum) egg antigen on fibrogenesis and apoptosis in primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).METHODS:A mouse model of schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis(SSLF) was established by infecting mice with schistosomal cercaria via the abdomen.HSCs were isolated from SSLF mice by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation,and their identity was confirmed by immunofluorescence double staining of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and desmin.The growth inhibitory effect and 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) of S.japonicum egg antigen for primary HSCs(24 h) were determined using a cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay.The expression levels of α-SMA,matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMOL/LP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) in HSCs in response to different concentrations of S.japonicum egg antigen were detected by Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.The levels of phospho-P38(P-P38),phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase(P-JNK) and phospho-Akt(P-AKT) in HSCs were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:An SSLF mouse model was established,and primary HSCs were successfully isolated and cultured.S.japonicum egg antigen inhibited HSC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.The IC50 of the S.japonicum egg antigen was 244.53 ± 35.26 μg/mL.S.japonicum egg antigen enhanced α-SMA expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and enhanced TIMP-1 expression at the mRNA level in HSCs(P < 0.05),whereas the expression of MMOL/LP-9 was attenuated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner(P < 0.05).A high concentration of S.japonicum egg antigen enhanced P-P38,P-JNK and P-AKT activation(P < 0.05).The changes in α-SMA and MMOL/LP-9 expression induced by S.japonicum egg antigen were closely correlated with P-P38 and P-JNK activation(P < 0.05).The attenuation of MMOL/LP-9 was also correlated with P-AKT activation(P < 0.05),but the increase in α-SMA expression was not.TIMP-1 expression was not correlated with P-P38,P-JNK or P-AKT activation.CONCLUSION:S.japonicum egg antigen promotes fibrogenesis,activates the P38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT/PI3K signaling pathways and inhibits proliferation in primary HSCs isolated from SSLF mice in a concentration-dependent manner.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Nos.2014CB744201 and 2012CB719902)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University+2 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA120203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371430)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant IRT1278.
文摘The launching of CBERS-01(China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite)in 1999,China’s first land observation satellite,signifies an unprecedented milestone in Chinese satellite remote sensing history.Since then,a large number of applications have been developed that drew upon solely CBERS-01 and other Chinese land observation satellites.The application development evolves from one satellite to multiple satellites,from one series of satellites to multiple series,from scientific research to industrial applications.Six aspects of the Chinese land observation satellite program are discussed in this paper:development status,data sharing and distribution,satellite calibration,industrial data applications,future prospects,and conclusion.
基金substantially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 91438203]the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)[grant number 2014CB744201].
文摘Since the twenty-first century,with the rapid development of high-resolution earth observation satellites,the earth observation satellite system has developed from the initial single satellite observation model to the current satellite constellation formed by light and small satellites observation model.All-weather and all-directional fine earth observation can now be realized.In the future,the satellite constellation,communication satellites,navigation satellites,and aircrafts are linked through dynamic linking network to form an air-space information network to realize real-time services of intelligent air-space information.To further enhance the perception,cognition,and quick response ability of the network,we propose the concept and model of the Earth Observation Brain(EOB)−the intelligent earth system based on events perception in this paper.Then,some key technologies needed to be solved in the EOB are also described.An application example is illustrated to show the process of perception and cognition in the primary stage of the EOB.In the future,EOB can observe what change of what object,the when and where to push these right information to mobile terminal of right people at the right time and right place.Global users can obtain any data,information,and knowledge in real-time through the EOB.
