为了解决打叶复烤生产过程中存在的产品质量不稳定、工艺参数控制不精确、生产流程缺乏透明度以及过程数智管控手段匮乏等问题,通过将物联网(IoT,Internet of Things)技术、机器学习的关键参数建模技术以及模型化工艺方案引入到打叶复...为了解决打叶复烤生产过程中存在的产品质量不稳定、工艺参数控制不精确、生产流程缺乏透明度以及过程数智管控手段匮乏等问题,通过将物联网(IoT,Internet of Things)技术、机器学习的关键参数建模技术以及模型化工艺方案引入到打叶复烤的生产管理中,开发了一套适用于烟叶复烤行业的生产过程管控系统。该系统不仅能够实现生产关键控制参数的自动推荐及质量指标的预测,并严格把控挑选、配料、投拷、摆把和打包等生产环节,建立从原烟叶出库备料后到成品烟叶装箱入库前的生产过程闭环追溯体系。通过在咸阳烟叶复烤公司的应用验证,每个加工批次片烟装箱含水率检测合格率从95.00%提升至99.00%,年度加工模块成品水分变异系数达标率从95.00%提升至97.80%,年度加工模块成品烟碱变异系数达标率从97.00%提升至99.20%。这些指标的全面提升,充分展现了该系统在提升烟叶加工质量稳定性和生产过程可控性方面的显著成效。展开更多
As a prospective visible-light-responsive photochemical material,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has become a burgeoning research hot topics and aroused a wide interest as a metal-free semiconductor in the area ...As a prospective visible-light-responsive photochemical material,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has become a burgeoning research hot topics and aroused a wide interest as a metal-free semiconductor in the area of energy utilization and conversion,environmental protection due to its unique properties,such as facile synthesis,high physicochemical stability,excellent electronic band structure,and sustainability.However,the shortcomings of high recombination rate of charge carriers,relatively low electrical conductivity and visible light absorption impede its practical application.Various strategies,such as surface photosensitization,heteroatom deposition,semiconductor hybridization,etc.,have been applied to overcome the barriers.Among all the strategies,functional nanocarbon materials with various dimensions(0D~3D)attract much attention as modifiers of g-C_(3)N_(4)due to their unique electronic properties,optical properties,and easy functionalization.More importantly,the properties of these functional nanocarbon materials can be tuned by various dimensions and thus there will be a way to overcome the defects of g-C_(3)N_(4)by choosing different dimensional carbon materials.Distinguishing from some present reviews,this review starts with the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of g-C_(3)N_(4)materials,followed by analyzing the advantages of functional nanocarbon materials modifying gC_(3)N_(4).Then,we present a systematic introduction to various dimensional carbon materials.The design philosophy of carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites and the advanced studies are exemplified in detail.Finally,a nichetargeting summary and outlook on the major challenges,opportunities for future research in high-powered carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites was proposed.展开更多
The degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of ...The degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of metabolites, as well as to further elucidate the degradation mechanism of BDE-47. An increase in degradation rate from 18.63% to49.76% in the first four days and its stabilization at(51.26 ± 0.08)% in the following days of BDE-47 incubation were observed. The presence of Cu2+ at 1 and 2 mg/L was found to promote the degradation rate to 56.41% and 60.79%, respectively, whereas higher level of Cu2+(≥ 5 mg/L) inhibited the removal of BDE-47. The similar concentration effects of Cu2+ was also found on contents of fungal protein and amounts of metabolites. Both intracellular and extracellular enzymes played certain roles in BDE-47 transportation with the best degradation rate at 27.90% and 27.67% on the fourth and third day, individually. During the degradation of BDE-47, four types of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs), i.e., 6′-OH-BDE-47, 5′-OH-BDE-47, 4′-OH-BDE-17, 2′-OH-BDE-28, and two bromophenols, i.e., 2,4-DBP and 4-BP were detected and considered as degradation products. These metabolites were further removed by P. sanguineus at rates of 22.42%,23.01%, 27.04%, 27.96%, 64.21%, and 40.62%, respectively.展开更多
As a natural aromatic polymer,lignin has great potential but limited industrial application due to its complex chemical structure.Among strategies for lignin conversion,biodegradation has attracted promising interest ...As a natural aromatic polymer,lignin has great potential but limited industrial application due to its complex chemical structure.Among strategies for lignin conversion,biodegradation has attracted promising interest recently in term of efficiency,selectivity and mild condition.In order to overcome the issues of poor stability and non-reusability of enzyme in the biodegradation of lignin,this work explored a protocol of immobilized laccase on magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)with rough surfaces for enhanced lignin model compounds degradation.Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)were utilized to characterize the immobilization of laccase.The results showed a maximum activity recovery of 64.7%towards laccase when it was incubated with MNPs and glutaraldehyde(GA)with concentrations of 6 mg·ml^-1and 7.5 mg·ml^-1for 5 h,respectively.The immobilized laccase showed improved thermal stability and pH tolerance compared with free laccase,and remained more than 80%of its initial activity after 20 days of storage at 4℃.In addition,about 40%residual activity of the laccase remained after 8 times cycles.Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was utilized to characterize the products of lignin model compound degradation and activation,and the efficiency of immobilized laccase was calculated to be 1–5 times that of free laccase.It was proposed that the synergistic effect between MNPs and laccase displays an important role in the enhancement of stability and activity in lignin model compound biodegradation.展开更多
Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demon...Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20%(mass) Ni SO4aqueous solution at 130 ℃ and [Bmim]Cl at 150 ℃, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5%(mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.展开更多
The authors regret that Fig.7b in our original article was incorrectly published,which is the same as Fig.6b due to an unintentional and random error.The correct Fig.7b is shown as follows(Reusability of the immobiliz...The authors regret that Fig.7b in our original article was incorrectly published,which is the same as Fig.6b due to an unintentional and random error.The correct Fig.7b is shown as follows(Reusability of the immobilized laccase).The change does not affect the results and conclusions.展开更多
Ammonium chlotochromate (NH4CrO3Cl, ACC) was used to oxidize benzyl ethers to the corresponding benzoates under dry conditions as well as in the mixed solvent of DMF and HOAc.
As one kind of promising zero-dimensional nanomaterials,carbon dots(CDs)have attracted extensive attention recently in green chemistry and engineering on account of their excellent properties,such as water solubility,...As one kind of promising zero-dimensional nanomaterials,carbon dots(CDs)have attracted extensive attention recently in green chemistry and engineering on account of their excellent properties,such as water solubility,comparable optical properties,low toxicity,and surface passivation and functionalization.One direction in CDs research is to prepare these materials with low cost and high quantum yield(QY).As an alternative protocol,utilizing biomass or its derivatives as the raw materials would create more chances to produce biocompatible and cheap CDs.Due to the good solvability for biomass,various ionic liquids(ILs)have been tested in the field of biomass derived CDs,which are found multiple roles of solvation and surface functionalization in the synthesis and application of these materials.This review will not cover the whole developed picture of CDs,but just summarizes the latest research progresses on the ILs based preparation and applications of CDs from biomass and its derivatives.The roles of ILs displayed in the corresponding processing including intensification and surface modification were discussed in detail.At the end of this review,an outlook was provided to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with this interesting and promising area.展开更多
文摘为了解决打叶复烤生产过程中存在的产品质量不稳定、工艺参数控制不精确、生产流程缺乏透明度以及过程数智管控手段匮乏等问题,通过将物联网(IoT,Internet of Things)技术、机器学习的关键参数建模技术以及模型化工艺方案引入到打叶复烤的生产管理中,开发了一套适用于烟叶复烤行业的生产过程管控系统。该系统不仅能够实现生产关键控制参数的自动推荐及质量指标的预测,并严格把控挑选、配料、投拷、摆把和打包等生产环节,建立从原烟叶出库备料后到成品烟叶装箱入库前的生产过程闭环追溯体系。通过在咸阳烟叶复烤公司的应用验证,每个加工批次片烟装箱含水率检测合格率从95.00%提升至99.00%,年度加工模块成品水分变异系数达标率从95.00%提升至97.80%,年度加工模块成品烟碱变异系数达标率从97.00%提升至99.20%。这些指标的全面提升,充分展现了该系统在提升烟叶加工质量稳定性和生产过程可控性方面的显著成效。
基金supported by the Startup Foundation of China(3160011181808)。
文摘As a prospective visible-light-responsive photochemical material,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))has become a burgeoning research hot topics and aroused a wide interest as a metal-free semiconductor in the area of energy utilization and conversion,environmental protection due to its unique properties,such as facile synthesis,high physicochemical stability,excellent electronic band structure,and sustainability.However,the shortcomings of high recombination rate of charge carriers,relatively low electrical conductivity and visible light absorption impede its practical application.Various strategies,such as surface photosensitization,heteroatom deposition,semiconductor hybridization,etc.,have been applied to overcome the barriers.Among all the strategies,functional nanocarbon materials with various dimensions(0D~3D)attract much attention as modifiers of g-C_(3)N_(4)due to their unique electronic properties,optical properties,and easy functionalization.More importantly,the properties of these functional nanocarbon materials can be tuned by various dimensions and thus there will be a way to overcome the defects of g-C_(3)N_(4)by choosing different dimensional carbon materials.Distinguishing from some present reviews,this review starts with the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of g-C_(3)N_(4)materials,followed by analyzing the advantages of functional nanocarbon materials modifying gC_(3)N_(4).Then,we present a systematic introduction to various dimensional carbon materials.The design philosophy of carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites and the advanced studies are exemplified in detail.Finally,a nichetargeting summary and outlook on the major challenges,opportunities for future research in high-powered carbon/g-C_(3)N_(4)composites was proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1501234,41673091,41573091)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1802800)
文摘The degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of metabolites, as well as to further elucidate the degradation mechanism of BDE-47. An increase in degradation rate from 18.63% to49.76% in the first four days and its stabilization at(51.26 ± 0.08)% in the following days of BDE-47 incubation were observed. The presence of Cu2+ at 1 and 2 mg/L was found to promote the degradation rate to 56.41% and 60.79%, respectively, whereas higher level of Cu2+(≥ 5 mg/L) inhibited the removal of BDE-47. The similar concentration effects of Cu2+ was also found on contents of fungal protein and amounts of metabolites. Both intracellular and extracellular enzymes played certain roles in BDE-47 transportation with the best degradation rate at 27.90% and 27.67% on the fourth and third day, individually. During the degradation of BDE-47, four types of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs), i.e., 6′-OH-BDE-47, 5′-OH-BDE-47, 4′-OH-BDE-17, 2′-OH-BDE-28, and two bromophenols, i.e., 2,4-DBP and 4-BP were detected and considered as degradation products. These metabolites were further removed by P. sanguineus at rates of 22.42%,23.01%, 27.04%, 27.96%, 64.21%, and 40.62%, respectively.
基金supported by the Startup Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology,China(3160011181808)。
文摘As a natural aromatic polymer,lignin has great potential but limited industrial application due to its complex chemical structure.Among strategies for lignin conversion,biodegradation has attracted promising interest recently in term of efficiency,selectivity and mild condition.In order to overcome the issues of poor stability and non-reusability of enzyme in the biodegradation of lignin,this work explored a protocol of immobilized laccase on magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)with rough surfaces for enhanced lignin model compounds degradation.Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)were utilized to characterize the immobilization of laccase.The results showed a maximum activity recovery of 64.7%towards laccase when it was incubated with MNPs and glutaraldehyde(GA)with concentrations of 6 mg·ml^-1and 7.5 mg·ml^-1for 5 h,respectively.The immobilized laccase showed improved thermal stability and pH tolerance compared with free laccase,and remained more than 80%of its initial activity after 20 days of storage at 4℃.In addition,about 40%residual activity of the laccase remained after 8 times cycles.Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was utilized to characterize the products of lignin model compound degradation and activation,and the efficiency of immobilized laccase was calculated to be 1–5 times that of free laccase.It was proposed that the synergistic effect between MNPs and laccase displays an important role in the enhancement of stability and activity in lignin model compound biodegradation.
基金support of the Startup Foundation of China(3160011181808)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(21878292,81673400)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2018-04).
文摘Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20%(mass) Ni SO4aqueous solution at 130 ℃ and [Bmim]Cl at 150 ℃, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5%(mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.
文摘The authors regret that Fig.7b in our original article was incorrectly published,which is the same as Fig.6b due to an unintentional and random error.The correct Fig.7b is shown as follows(Reusability of the immobilized laccase).The change does not affect the results and conclusions.
文摘Ammonium chlotochromate (NH4CrO3Cl, ACC) was used to oxidize benzyl ethers to the corresponding benzoates under dry conditions as well as in the mixed solvent of DMF and HOAc.
基金supported by the Startup Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology,China(3160011181808).
文摘As one kind of promising zero-dimensional nanomaterials,carbon dots(CDs)have attracted extensive attention recently in green chemistry and engineering on account of their excellent properties,such as water solubility,comparable optical properties,low toxicity,and surface passivation and functionalization.One direction in CDs research is to prepare these materials with low cost and high quantum yield(QY).As an alternative protocol,utilizing biomass or its derivatives as the raw materials would create more chances to produce biocompatible and cheap CDs.Due to the good solvability for biomass,various ionic liquids(ILs)have been tested in the field of biomass derived CDs,which are found multiple roles of solvation and surface functionalization in the synthesis and application of these materials.This review will not cover the whole developed picture of CDs,but just summarizes the latest research progresses on the ILs based preparation and applications of CDs from biomass and its derivatives.The roles of ILs displayed in the corresponding processing including intensification and surface modification were discussed in detail.At the end of this review,an outlook was provided to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with this interesting and promising area.
