Introduction:Calliphoridae plays a key role in forensic entomology research,which is one of the first insects to decompose animal carcasses.The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the ribosomal internal t...Introduction:Calliphoridae plays a key role in forensic entomology research,which is one of the first insects to decompose animal carcasses.The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)are among the most widely used molecular markers for insect taxonomic characterization.Aim:The aim of the study was to test the suitability of two genetic markers based on conducting the molecular identification of six necrophagous Calliphorid flies.Materials and Methods:Fourteen Calliphoridae flies were collected and classified with traditional morphological characteristics.The DNA of flies was extracted and the fragments of COI and ITS2 were amplified and sequenced.All the sequences were aligned and analyzed by MEGA 7 software for NCBI BLAST,nucleotide composition,intra-and inter-specific divergence calculation,and phylogenetic tree inference successively.Results:The results indicated that COI and ITS2 genes were robust in the identification of Calliphoridae at the species level and ITS2 gene sequence possessed a strong resolution power as it showed higher variation values between Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina,Calliphora vomitoria and Triceratopyga calliphoroides,C.vomitoria andAldrichina grahami,but inferior to COI fbrT.calliphoroides and A.grahami.Conclusions:Our results showed that combination of COI+ITS2 genes yields more accurate identification and diagnoses and better agreement with morphological data than the mitochondrial barcodes alone.As a supplementary method for morphological identification,we advocated for the combination of nuclear and mitochondrial gene approaches to address the taxonomy and phylogeny of forensic relevant flies,especially of closely related species and populations.展开更多
Background:Accumulated degree-days(ADD)refers to the temperature value and time within a certain period.More and more attention has been paid to the ADD in the study of postmortem interval(PMI)estimation.Aim and Objec...Background:Accumulated degree-days(ADD)refers to the temperature value and time within a certain period.More and more attention has been paid to the ADD in the study of postmortem interval(PMI)estimation.Aim and Objective:This study is to confirm whether ADD is applicable in China.Materials and Methods:We collected meteorological data of 10 different regions in China for 12 months,analyzed the distribution characteristics of ADD in different regions at different time periods,and tested the two ADD calculation methods(accumulated hourly temperature and accumulated daily average temperature),in an attempt to establish a more precise calculation method of ADD.Results:The results show that when the yearly or monthly effective temperature data is taken as the research object,the law of daily ADD mean value gradually decreases from south to north,and the average value of accumulated hourly temperature at each region is larger than the average value of accumulated daily average temperature(the difference was significant).In addition,in different periods of each day,ADD obtained at different regions is different,and the variation of its specific gravity also has a north-south difference.We take the daily average temperature as the independent variable and accumulated hourly temperature as the linear equation fitted by the dependent variable,showing a good linear relationship(0.992<R2<0.999).At the same time,we also identify that extra caution should be exercised when using ADD in some special regions(such as Lhasa)or during the cold season of some regions.It may be unrealistic to attempt divide daily ADD into equal parts and accurately estimate PMI to a certain hour on the day of the crime.However,accurate estimation of PMI can be improved by dividing ADD on the day of the crime according to proportion of different periods and checking the time period of the final ADD value.Conclusion:At present,the study results on ADD need to be further developed,our study provides a preliminary research basis for the future establishment of an unified,simple,accurate,and suitable for the ADD model in China.展开更多
文摘Introduction:Calliphoridae plays a key role in forensic entomology research,which is one of the first insects to decompose animal carcasses.The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)are among the most widely used molecular markers for insect taxonomic characterization.Aim:The aim of the study was to test the suitability of two genetic markers based on conducting the molecular identification of six necrophagous Calliphorid flies.Materials and Methods:Fourteen Calliphoridae flies were collected and classified with traditional morphological characteristics.The DNA of flies was extracted and the fragments of COI and ITS2 were amplified and sequenced.All the sequences were aligned and analyzed by MEGA 7 software for NCBI BLAST,nucleotide composition,intra-and inter-specific divergence calculation,and phylogenetic tree inference successively.Results:The results indicated that COI and ITS2 genes were robust in the identification of Calliphoridae at the species level and ITS2 gene sequence possessed a strong resolution power as it showed higher variation values between Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina,Calliphora vomitoria and Triceratopyga calliphoroides,C.vomitoria andAldrichina grahami,but inferior to COI fbrT.calliphoroides and A.grahami.Conclusions:Our results showed that combination of COI+ITS2 genes yields more accurate identification and diagnoses and better agreement with morphological data than the mitochondrial barcodes alone.As a supplementary method for morphological identification,we advocated for the combination of nuclear and mitochondrial gene approaches to address the taxonomy and phylogeny of forensic relevant flies,especially of closely related species and populations.
基金financial support provided by the Forensic Center of HAU ST(Henan University of Science and Technology).
文摘Background:Accumulated degree-days(ADD)refers to the temperature value and time within a certain period.More and more attention has been paid to the ADD in the study of postmortem interval(PMI)estimation.Aim and Objective:This study is to confirm whether ADD is applicable in China.Materials and Methods:We collected meteorological data of 10 different regions in China for 12 months,analyzed the distribution characteristics of ADD in different regions at different time periods,and tested the two ADD calculation methods(accumulated hourly temperature and accumulated daily average temperature),in an attempt to establish a more precise calculation method of ADD.Results:The results show that when the yearly or monthly effective temperature data is taken as the research object,the law of daily ADD mean value gradually decreases from south to north,and the average value of accumulated hourly temperature at each region is larger than the average value of accumulated daily average temperature(the difference was significant).In addition,in different periods of each day,ADD obtained at different regions is different,and the variation of its specific gravity also has a north-south difference.We take the daily average temperature as the independent variable and accumulated hourly temperature as the linear equation fitted by the dependent variable,showing a good linear relationship(0.992<R2<0.999).At the same time,we also identify that extra caution should be exercised when using ADD in some special regions(such as Lhasa)or during the cold season of some regions.It may be unrealistic to attempt divide daily ADD into equal parts and accurately estimate PMI to a certain hour on the day of the crime.However,accurate estimation of PMI can be improved by dividing ADD on the day of the crime according to proportion of different periods and checking the time period of the final ADD value.Conclusion:At present,the study results on ADD need to be further developed,our study provides a preliminary research basis for the future establishment of an unified,simple,accurate,and suitable for the ADD model in China.
