ZnO with good lithiophilicity has widely been employed to modify the lithiophobic substrates and facilitate uniform lithium(Li)deposition.The overpotential of ZnO-derived Li anode during cycling depends on the lithiop...ZnO with good lithiophilicity has widely been employed to modify the lithiophobic substrates and facilitate uniform lithium(Li)deposition.The overpotential of ZnO-derived Li anode during cycling depends on the lithiophilicity of both LiZn and Li_(2)O products upon lithiation of ZnO.However,the striking differences in the lithiophilicity between Li_(2)O and LiZn would result in a high overpotential during cycling.In this research,the Al_(2)O_(3)/nZnO(n≥1)hybrid layers were precisely fabricated by atomic layer deposition(ALD)to regulate the lithiophilicity of ZnO phase and Li_(2)O/LiZn configuration—determining the actual Li loading amount and Li plating/stripping processes.Theoretically,the Li adsorption energy(E_(a))values of LiZn and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration are separately predicted as-2.789 and-3.447 eV.In comparison,the E_(a) values of LiZn,LiAlO_(2),and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/LiAlO_(2)/Li_(2)O configuration upon lithiation of Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO layer are calculated as-2.899,-3.089,and-3.208 eV,respectively.Importantly,a novel introduction of LiAlO_(2)into the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration could enable the hierarchical Li plating/stripping and reduce the overpotentials during cycling.Consequently,the Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO-derived hybrid Li-metal anode could exhibit electrochemical performances superior to these of ZnO-derived Li anode in both symmetrical and full cells paired with a LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)cathode.展开更多
Lithium(Li)dendrite formation/evolution with its disastrous safety issues has been challenging in high-energy Li-metal batteries.The detrimental Li dendrite is primarily initiated by an inhomogeneous distribution of c...Lithium(Li)dendrite formation/evolution with its disastrous safety issues has been challenging in high-energy Li-metal batteries.The detrimental Li dendrite is primarily initiated by an inhomogeneous distribution of current density that results in uncontrollable Li deposition in the vertical direction.To suppress the Li dendrite formation through selective Li infusion and uniform Li deposition,a unique Janus-structured surface consisting of Zn@Li layer and Ag layers was fabricated on carbon cloth(CC)by step-wise magnetron sputtering.The lower-half Zn layer,enabling selective Li infusion and the rational formation of a Zn@Li layer,was able to regulate the loading amounts of Li metal.Simultaneously,the upper-half lithiophilic Ag layer and derived AgLi layer prevented the vertical Li growth due to a uniform Li deposition.Importantly,the bifunctional surface design guaranteed a sustainable exposure of lithiophilic sites upon Li nucleation/evolution.Interestingly,the symmetrical cells and full cells utilizing the Janus-structured CC@Zn@Li/Ag anode exhibited superior cycling stability and rate capability.We believe that this novel design on the Janus-structured Li anode can advance the development of safe and durable Limetal batteries.展开更多
It is crucial to investigate the characteristics of fire danger in the areas around Beijing to increase the accuracy of fire danger monitoring,forecasting,and management.Using meteorological data from 17 national mete...It is crucial to investigate the characteristics of fire danger in the areas around Beijing to increase the accuracy of fire danger monitoring,forecasting,and management.Using meteorological data from 17 national meteorological stations in the areas around Beijing from 1981−2021,this study calculated the fire weather index(FWI)and analyzed its spatiotemporal characteristics.It was found that the high and low fire danger periods were in April−May and July−August,with spatial patterns of“decrease in the northwest−increase in the southeast”and a significant increase throughout the areas around Beijing,respectively.Next,the contributions of different meteorological factors were quantified by the multiple regression method.We found that during the high fire danger period,the northern and southern parts were affected by precipitation and minimum relative humidity,respectively.However,most areas were influenced by wind speed during the low fire danger period.Finally,comparing with the FWI characteristics under different SSP scenarios,we found that the FWI decreased during high fire danger period and increased during low fire danger period under different SSP scenarios(i.e.,SSP245,SSP585)for periods of 2021−2050,2071−2100,2021−2100,except for SSP245 in 2071−2100 with an increasing trend both in high and low fire danger periods.This study implies that there is a higher probability of FWI in the low fire danger period,threatening the ecological environment and human health.Therefore,it is necessary to enhance research on fire danger during the low fire danger period to improve the ability to predict summer fire danger.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2400202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104313)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi(2024GH-YBXM-11)the Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(1920001004098).
文摘ZnO with good lithiophilicity has widely been employed to modify the lithiophobic substrates and facilitate uniform lithium(Li)deposition.The overpotential of ZnO-derived Li anode during cycling depends on the lithiophilicity of both LiZn and Li_(2)O products upon lithiation of ZnO.However,the striking differences in the lithiophilicity between Li_(2)O and LiZn would result in a high overpotential during cycling.In this research,the Al_(2)O_(3)/nZnO(n≥1)hybrid layers were precisely fabricated by atomic layer deposition(ALD)to regulate the lithiophilicity of ZnO phase and Li_(2)O/LiZn configuration—determining the actual Li loading amount and Li plating/stripping processes.Theoretically,the Li adsorption energy(E_(a))values of LiZn and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration are separately predicted as-2.789 and-3.447 eV.In comparison,the E_(a) values of LiZn,LiAlO_(2),and Li_(2)O in the LiZn/LiAlO_(2)/Li_(2)O configuration upon lithiation of Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO layer are calculated as-2.899,-3.089,and-3.208 eV,respectively.Importantly,a novel introduction of LiAlO_(2)into the LiZn/Li_(2)O configuration could enable the hierarchical Li plating/stripping and reduce the overpotentials during cycling.Consequently,the Al_(2)O_(3)/8ZnO-derived hybrid Li-metal anode could exhibit electrochemical performances superior to these of ZnO-derived Li anode in both symmetrical and full cells paired with a LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)cathode.
基金supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2021YFB2400202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52104313)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Shaanxi(grant no.2024GH-YBXM-11)the Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(grant no.1920001004098).
文摘Lithium(Li)dendrite formation/evolution with its disastrous safety issues has been challenging in high-energy Li-metal batteries.The detrimental Li dendrite is primarily initiated by an inhomogeneous distribution of current density that results in uncontrollable Li deposition in the vertical direction.To suppress the Li dendrite formation through selective Li infusion and uniform Li deposition,a unique Janus-structured surface consisting of Zn@Li layer and Ag layers was fabricated on carbon cloth(CC)by step-wise magnetron sputtering.The lower-half Zn layer,enabling selective Li infusion and the rational formation of a Zn@Li layer,was able to regulate the loading amounts of Li metal.Simultaneously,the upper-half lithiophilic Ag layer and derived AgLi layer prevented the vertical Li growth due to a uniform Li deposition.Importantly,the bifunctional surface design guaranteed a sustainable exposure of lithiophilic sites upon Li nucleation/evolution.Interestingly,the symmetrical cells and full cells utilizing the Janus-structured CC@Zn@Li/Ag anode exhibited superior cycling stability and rate capability.We believe that this novel design on the Janus-structured Li anode can advance the development of safe and durable Limetal batteries.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42305055,42171030 and 41901017)the Science and Technology Project of Beijing Meteorological Service(No.BMBKJ202302001)+1 种基金the Key Project of Beijing Academy of Emergency Management Science and Technology(No.Y2023046)Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘It is crucial to investigate the characteristics of fire danger in the areas around Beijing to increase the accuracy of fire danger monitoring,forecasting,and management.Using meteorological data from 17 national meteorological stations in the areas around Beijing from 1981−2021,this study calculated the fire weather index(FWI)and analyzed its spatiotemporal characteristics.It was found that the high and low fire danger periods were in April−May and July−August,with spatial patterns of“decrease in the northwest−increase in the southeast”and a significant increase throughout the areas around Beijing,respectively.Next,the contributions of different meteorological factors were quantified by the multiple regression method.We found that during the high fire danger period,the northern and southern parts were affected by precipitation and minimum relative humidity,respectively.However,most areas were influenced by wind speed during the low fire danger period.Finally,comparing with the FWI characteristics under different SSP scenarios,we found that the FWI decreased during high fire danger period and increased during low fire danger period under different SSP scenarios(i.e.,SSP245,SSP585)for periods of 2021−2050,2071−2100,2021−2100,except for SSP245 in 2071−2100 with an increasing trend both in high and low fire danger periods.This study implies that there is a higher probability of FWI in the low fire danger period,threatening the ecological environment and human health.Therefore,it is necessary to enhance research on fire danger during the low fire danger period to improve the ability to predict summer fire danger.
