Thin-film nanocomposite(TFN) membranes have garnered considerable attention for their potential to improve separation performance by incorporating nanomaterials. However, challenges such as these materials' uneven...Thin-film nanocomposite(TFN) membranes have garnered considerable attention for their potential to improve separation performance by incorporating nanomaterials. However, challenges such as these materials' uneven distribution and aggregation have hindered practical applications. While prior studies have largely concentrated on modifying nanosheets for compatibility with polymer matrices, the role of substrate pore size in influencing nanosheet distribution has been overlooked. In this work, MoS_(2) nanosheets were dispersed in an aqueous phase to fabricate TFN membranes, investigating the effect of substrate pore size relative to the nanosheets. By systematically varying the particle size of MoS_(2) and the pore size of the substrate, we reveal how these factors impact material distribution and structural uniformity within the membranes. Our findings reveal that larger substrate pores allow the MoS_(2)-containing monomer solution to infiltrate more effectively, minimizing nanosheet aggregation. This enhances membrane performance by promoting better dispersion. Our results underscore the importance of considering the relative size of substrate pores and nanosheets in TFN membrane design, providing a pathway to improved material integration and higher membrane efficiency.展开更多
Since the discovery of the first transposon by Dr.Barbara McClintock,the prevalence and diversity of transposable elements(TEs)have been gradually recognized.As fundamental genetic components,TEs drive organismal evol...Since the discovery of the first transposon by Dr.Barbara McClintock,the prevalence and diversity of transposable elements(TEs)have been gradually recognized.As fundamental genetic components,TEs drive organismal evolution not only by contributing functional sequences(e.g.,regulatory elements or“controllers”as phrased by Dr.McClintock)but also by shuffling genomic sequences.In the latter respect,TE-mediated gene duplications have contributed to the origination of new genes and attracted extensive interest.In response to the development of this field,we herein attempt to provide an overview of TEmediated duplication by focusing on common rules emerging across duplications generated by different TE types.Specifically,despite the huge divergence of transposition machinery across TEs,we identify three common features of various TE-mediated duplication mechanisms,including end bypass,template switching,and recurrent transposition.These three features lead to one common functional outcome,namely,TE-mediated duplicates tend to be subjected to exon shuffling and neofunctionalization.Therefore,the intrinsic properties of the mutational mechanism constrain the evolutionary trajectories of these duplicates.We finally discuss the future of this field including an in-depth characterization of both the duplication mechanisms and functions of TE-mediated duplicates.展开更多
Background Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting approximately 20 million individuals globally.Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the illness.If left undiagnosed and untreated,schizophr...Background Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting approximately 20 million individuals globally.Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the illness.If left undiagnosed and untreated,schizophrenia results in impaired social function,repeated hospital admissions,reduced quality of life and decreased life expectancy.Clinical diagnosis largely relies on subjective evidence,including self-reported experiences,and reported behavioural abnormalities followed by psychiatric evaluation.In addition,psychoses may occur along with other conditions,and the symptoms are often episodic and transient,posing a significant challenge to the precision of diagnosis.Therefore,objective,specific tests using biomarkers are urgently needed for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in clinical practice.Aims We aimed to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations,with a summary of laboratory measurements that could potentially be used as biomarkers for schizophrenia,and to discuss directions for future research.Methods We searched publications within the last 10 years with the following keywords:‘schizophrenia’,‘gene’,‘inflammation’,‘neurotransmitter’,‘protein marker’,‘gut microbiota’,‘pharmacogenomics’and‘biomarker’.A draft of the consensus was discussed and agreed on by all authors at a round table session.Results We summarised the characteristics of candidate diagnostic markers for schizophrenia,including genetic,inflammatory,neurotransmitter,peripheral protein,pharmacogenomic and gut microbiota markers.We also proposed a novel laboratory process for diagnosing schizophrenia in clinical practice based on the evidence summarised in this paper.Conclusions Further efforts are needed to identify schizophrenia-specific genetic and epigenetic markers for precise diagnosis,differential diagnosis and ethnicity-specific markers for the Chinese population.The development of novel laboratory techniques is making it possible to use these biomarkers clinically to diagnose disease.展开更多
This corrigendum clarifies information in the review‘The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’by Ma et al.(2023).The word“controllers”throughout the pape...This corrigendum clarifies information in the review‘The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’by Ma et al.(2023).The word“controllers”throughout the paper should be corrected into“controlling elements”:1.The title‘The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’should be corrected into‘The power of“controlling elements”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’.展开更多
A static security assessment approach considering electro-thermal coupling of transmission lines is proposed in this paper. Combined with the dynamic thermal rating technology and energy forecasting, the approach can ...A static security assessment approach considering electro-thermal coupling of transmission lines is proposed in this paper. Combined with the dynamic thermal rating technology and energy forecasting, the approach can track both the electrical variables and transmission lines’ temperature varying trajectory under anticipated contingencies. Accordingly, it identifies the serious contingencies by transmission lines’ temperature violation rather than its power flow, in this case the time margin of temperature rising under each serious contingency can be provided to operators as warning information and some unnecessary security control can also be avoided. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to testify the validity of the proposed approach.展开更多
For the first time,a group-Ⅵsingle element nanomaterial was used as the optical saturable absorber(SA)to generate laser pulses.With two-dimensional(2D)tellurene as a passive Q-switch,1.06μm and 1.3μm pulse laser op...For the first time,a group-Ⅵsingle element nanomaterial was used as the optical saturable absorber(SA)to generate laser pulses.With two-dimensional(2D)tellurene as a passive Q-switch,1.06μm and 1.3μm pulse laser operations were realized from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG crystal.The shortest pulse widths were 98 ns and 178 ns,and the highest peak powers were 2.68 W and 2.45 W,respectively.Our research determines that tellurene is an excellent SA material in the near-infrared region.展开更多
Although wind power ramp events(WPREs)are relatively scarce,they can inevitably deteriorate the stability of power system operation and bring risks to the trading of electricity market.In this paper,an imprecise condi...Although wind power ramp events(WPREs)are relatively scarce,they can inevitably deteriorate the stability of power system operation and bring risks to the trading of electricity market.In this paper,an imprecise conditional probability estimation method for WPREs is proposed based on the Bayesian network(BN)theory.The method uses the maximum weight spanning tree(MWST)and greedy search(GS)to build a BN that has the highest fitting degree with the observed data.Meanwhile,an extended imprecise Dirichlet model(IDM)is developed to estimate the parameters of the BN,which quantificationally reflect the ambiguous dependencies among the random ramp event and various meteorological variables.The BN is then applied to predict the interval probability of each possible ramp state under the given meteorological conditions,which is expected to cover the target probability at a specified confidence level.The proposed method can quantify the uncertainty of the probabilistic ramp event estimation.Meanwhile,by using the extracted dependencies and Bayesian rules,the method can simplify the conditional probability estimation and perform reliable prediction even with scarce samples.Test results on a real wind farm with three-year operation data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
1T-polytype tantalum disulfide(1T-TaS_(2)),an emerging strongly correlated material,features a narrow bandgap of 0.2 e V,bridging the gap between zero-bandgap graphene and large-bandgap 2D nonlinear optical(NLO)materi...1T-polytype tantalum disulfide(1T-TaS_(2)),an emerging strongly correlated material,features a narrow bandgap of 0.2 e V,bridging the gap between zero-bandgap graphene and large-bandgap 2D nonlinear optical(NLO)materials.Combined with its intense light absorption,high carrier concentration,and high mobility,1T-TaS_(2) shows considerable potential for applications in broadband optoelectronic devices.However,its NLO characteristics and related applications have rarely been explored.Here,1T-TaS_(2) nanosheets are prepared by chemical vapor deposition.The ultrafast carrier dynamics in the 400–1100 nm range and broadband NLO performance in the 515–2500 nm range are systematically studied using femtosecond lasers.An obvious saturable absorption phenomenon is observed in the visible to IR range.The nonlinear absorption coefficient is measured to be-22.60±0.52 cm MW-1under 1030 nm,which is larger than that of other typical 2D saturable absorber(SA)materials(graphene,black phosphorus,and MoS_(2))under similar experimental conditions.Based on these findings,using 1T-TaS_(2) as a new SA,passively Q-switched laser operations are successfully performed at 1.06,1.34,and 1.94μm.The results highlight the promise of 1T-TaS_(2) for broadband optical modulators and provide a potential candidate material system for mid-IR nonlinear optical applications.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Triatoma rubrofasciata is a potential vector that can transmit American trypanosomiasis and was widely recorded in South of China.What is added by this report?Because of the...Summary What is already known on this topic?Triatoma rubrofasciata is a potential vector that can transmit American trypanosomiasis and was widely recorded in South of China.What is added by this report?Because of the low density of the triatomines,more habitats have not been discovered.This study mainly focused on predicting the geographical distribution of T.rubrofasciata under current and future climatic conditions in China using the MaxEnt model.展开更多
With tin diselenide(SnSe2)film as a saturable absorber(SA),the passively Q-switched self-frequency doubling(SFD)lasers were realized in Nd^3+:ReCa4O(BO3)3(Re=Y,Gd)crystals.For Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal,the maximum averag...With tin diselenide(SnSe2)film as a saturable absorber(SA),the passively Q-switched self-frequency doubling(SFD)lasers were realized in Nd^3+:ReCa4O(BO3)3(Re=Y,Gd)crystals.For Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal,the maximum average output power at 532 nm was 19.6 mW,and the corresponding pulse repetition frequency,pulse duration,single pulse energy,and peak power were 17.6 kHz,91.9 ns,1.1μJ,and 12.1 W,respectively.For Nd:GdCa4 O(BO3)3 crystal,these values were 14.5 mW,22.1 kHz,48.7 ns,0.66μJ,and 13.5 W.展开更多
For the first time to our knowledge, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4) nanosheets are found to be an excellent saturable absorber material in the visible waveband. g-C_3N_4 exhibits much stronger saturable absorption...For the first time to our knowledge, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4) nanosheets are found to be an excellent saturable absorber material in the visible waveband. g-C_3N_4 exhibits much stronger saturable absorption in this region than in the near-infrared region, unlike other two-dimensional materials such as graphene and black phosphorus. By the Z-scan method, the nonlinear absorption coefficient β of the material is first measured at three visible wavelengths, and for g-C_3N_4 it is -2.05,-0.34, and -0.11 cm · GW^(-1) at 355, 532, and 650 nm,respectively. These are much larger than -0.06 cm · GW^(-1) at 1064 nm.展开更多
Er:CaF_(2) crystals are crucial gain media for producing 3μm mid-infrared (MIR) lasers pumped by 976 nm continuouswave (CW) lasers owing to their low phonon energy and high conversion efficiency.This study investigat...Er:CaF_(2) crystals are crucial gain media for producing 3μm mid-infrared (MIR) lasers pumped by 976 nm continuouswave (CW) lasers owing to their low phonon energy and high conversion efficiency.This study investigated the damage characteristics and mechanism of Er:CaF_(2) crystals irradiated with a 976 nm CW laser.The laser-induced damage threshold of Er:CaF_(2) crystals with different Er^(3+) doping levels was tested;the damage morphology consists of a series of regular 70? cracks related to the angle of the crystal slip system on the surface.A finite-element model was used to calculate the temperature and stress fields of the crystals.The results indicated that the damage can be attributed to surface tensile stresses caused by the temperature gradient,and crystals with higher doping concentrations were more susceptible to damage owing to stronger light absorption.These findings provide valuable insights into the development of high-power MIR lasers.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22076075)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control (No. 2023B1212060002)+1 种基金the Key Program of Fundamental Research from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JCYJ20220818100218039)the General Program of Fundamental Research from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JCY20230807092500001)。
文摘Thin-film nanocomposite(TFN) membranes have garnered considerable attention for their potential to improve separation performance by incorporating nanomaterials. However, challenges such as these materials' uneven distribution and aggregation have hindered practical applications. While prior studies have largely concentrated on modifying nanosheets for compatibility with polymer matrices, the role of substrate pore size in influencing nanosheet distribution has been overlooked. In this work, MoS_(2) nanosheets were dispersed in an aqueous phase to fabricate TFN membranes, investigating the effect of substrate pore size relative to the nanosheets. By systematically varying the particle size of MoS_(2) and the pore size of the substrate, we reveal how these factors impact material distribution and structural uniformity within the membranes. Our findings reveal that larger substrate pores allow the MoS_(2)-containing monomer solution to infiltrate more effectively, minimizing nanosheet aggregation. This enhances membrane performance by promoting better dispersion. Our results underscore the importance of considering the relative size of substrate pores and nanosheets in TFN membrane design, providing a pathway to improved material integration and higher membrane efficiency.
基金the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0802600)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-SM005,XDPB17)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970565).
文摘Since the discovery of the first transposon by Dr.Barbara McClintock,the prevalence and diversity of transposable elements(TEs)have been gradually recognized.As fundamental genetic components,TEs drive organismal evolution not only by contributing functional sequences(e.g.,regulatory elements or“controllers”as phrased by Dr.McClintock)but also by shuffling genomic sequences.In the latter respect,TE-mediated gene duplications have contributed to the origination of new genes and attracted extensive interest.In response to the development of this field,we herein attempt to provide an overview of TEmediated duplication by focusing on common rules emerging across duplications generated by different TE types.Specifically,despite the huge divergence of transposition machinery across TEs,we identify three common features of various TE-mediated duplication mechanisms,including end bypass,template switching,and recurrent transposition.These three features lead to one common functional outcome,namely,TE-mediated duplicates tend to be subjected to exon shuffling and neofunctionalization.Therefore,the intrinsic properties of the mutational mechanism constrain the evolutionary trajectories of these duplicates.We finally discuss the future of this field including an in-depth characterization of both the duplication mechanisms and functions of TE-mediated duplicates.
基金This study was funded by Shanghai Natural Science fund Project under grant(20ZR1447700)The National Key Development Plan for Precision Medicine Research(2017YFC0910002)+4 种基金the hospital-level project of Shanghai Mental Health Center under grant(2020-YJ05)Special Fund for Clinical Research of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(320675015232)the Hospital level project of Shanghai Mental Health Center(2016-YJ-09)Chinese medicine research project of Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission(2018LP024)the characteristic discipline construction project of Shanghai Mental Health Center(2017-TSXK-07),China Public Health Alliance(first batch)(GWLM202014).
文摘Background Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness affecting approximately 20 million individuals globally.Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the illness.If left undiagnosed and untreated,schizophrenia results in impaired social function,repeated hospital admissions,reduced quality of life and decreased life expectancy.Clinical diagnosis largely relies on subjective evidence,including self-reported experiences,and reported behavioural abnormalities followed by psychiatric evaluation.In addition,psychoses may occur along with other conditions,and the symptoms are often episodic and transient,posing a significant challenge to the precision of diagnosis.Therefore,objective,specific tests using biomarkers are urgently needed for differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in clinical practice.Aims We aimed to provide evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations,with a summary of laboratory measurements that could potentially be used as biomarkers for schizophrenia,and to discuss directions for future research.Methods We searched publications within the last 10 years with the following keywords:‘schizophrenia’,‘gene’,‘inflammation’,‘neurotransmitter’,‘protein marker’,‘gut microbiota’,‘pharmacogenomics’and‘biomarker’.A draft of the consensus was discussed and agreed on by all authors at a round table session.Results We summarised the characteristics of candidate diagnostic markers for schizophrenia,including genetic,inflammatory,neurotransmitter,peripheral protein,pharmacogenomic and gut microbiota markers.We also proposed a novel laboratory process for diagnosing schizophrenia in clinical practice based on the evidence summarised in this paper.Conclusions Further efforts are needed to identify schizophrenia-specific genetic and epigenetic markers for precise diagnosis,differential diagnosis and ethnicity-specific markers for the Chinese population.The development of novel laboratory techniques is making it possible to use these biomarkers clinically to diagnose disease.
文摘This corrigendum clarifies information in the review‘The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’by Ma et al.(2023).The word“controllers”throughout the paper should be corrected into“controlling elements”:1.The title‘The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’should be corrected into‘The power of“controlling elements”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization’.
文摘A static security assessment approach considering electro-thermal coupling of transmission lines is proposed in this paper. Combined with the dynamic thermal rating technology and energy forecasting, the approach can track both the electrical variables and transmission lines’ temperature varying trajectory under anticipated contingencies. Accordingly, it identifies the serious contingencies by transmission lines’ temperature violation rather than its power flow, in this case the time margin of temperature rising under each serious contingency can be provided to operators as warning information and some unnecessary security control can also be avoided. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to testify the validity of the proposed approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61975096)Basic Research and Free Exploration Project of Shenzhen City(No.JCYJ20180305164316517)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2017MF031)。
文摘For the first time,a group-Ⅵsingle element nanomaterial was used as the optical saturable absorber(SA)to generate laser pulses.With two-dimensional(2D)tellurene as a passive Q-switch,1.06μm and 1.3μm pulse laser operations were realized from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG crystal.The shortest pulse widths were 98 ns and 178 ns,and the highest peak powers were 2.68 W and 2.45 W,respectively.Our research determines that tellurene is an excellent SA material in the near-infrared region.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China“Technology and Application of Wind Power/Photovoltaic Power Prediction for Promoting Renewable Energy Consumption”(No.2018YFB0904200)。
文摘Although wind power ramp events(WPREs)are relatively scarce,they can inevitably deteriorate the stability of power system operation and bring risks to the trading of electricity market.In this paper,an imprecise conditional probability estimation method for WPREs is proposed based on the Bayesian network(BN)theory.The method uses the maximum weight spanning tree(MWST)and greedy search(GS)to build a BN that has the highest fitting degree with the observed data.Meanwhile,an extended imprecise Dirichlet model(IDM)is developed to estimate the parameters of the BN,which quantificationally reflect the ambiguous dependencies among the random ramp event and various meteorological variables.The BN is then applied to predict the interval probability of each possible ramp state under the given meteorological conditions,which is expected to cover the target probability at a specified confidence level.The proposed method can quantify the uncertainty of the probabilistic ramp event estimation.Meanwhile,by using the extracted dependencies and Bayesian rules,the method can simplify the conditional probability estimation and perform reliable prediction even with scarce samples.Test results on a real wind farm with three-year operation data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0115900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11874369,51802218,51972229,52002271)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703326)CAS Special Research Assistant ProjectKey Foreign Cooperation Projects of the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(181231KYSB20210001)National Defense Science and Technology 173 Program(2021-JCJQ-JJ-0639)。
文摘1T-polytype tantalum disulfide(1T-TaS_(2)),an emerging strongly correlated material,features a narrow bandgap of 0.2 e V,bridging the gap between zero-bandgap graphene and large-bandgap 2D nonlinear optical(NLO)materials.Combined with its intense light absorption,high carrier concentration,and high mobility,1T-TaS_(2) shows considerable potential for applications in broadband optoelectronic devices.However,its NLO characteristics and related applications have rarely been explored.Here,1T-TaS_(2) nanosheets are prepared by chemical vapor deposition.The ultrafast carrier dynamics in the 400–1100 nm range and broadband NLO performance in the 515–2500 nm range are systematically studied using femtosecond lasers.An obvious saturable absorption phenomenon is observed in the visible to IR range.The nonlinear absorption coefficient is measured to be-22.60±0.52 cm MW-1under 1030 nm,which is larger than that of other typical 2D saturable absorber(SA)materials(graphene,black phosphorus,and MoS_(2))under similar experimental conditions.Based on these findings,using 1T-TaS_(2) as a new SA,passively Q-switched laser operations are successfully performed at 1.06,1.34,and 1.94μm.The results highlight the promise of 1T-TaS_(2) for broadband optical modulators and provide a potential candidate material system for mid-IR nonlinear optical applications.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Project(No.2018ZX10101002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC1202000)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program(2018GXNSFAA 294092).
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Triatoma rubrofasciata is a potential vector that can transmit American trypanosomiasis and was widely recorded in South of China.What is added by this report?Because of the low density of the triatomines,more habitats have not been discovered.This study mainly focused on predicting the geographical distribution of T.rubrofasciata under current and future climatic conditions in China using the MaxEnt model.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2017MF031)
文摘With tin diselenide(SnSe2)film as a saturable absorber(SA),the passively Q-switched self-frequency doubling(SFD)lasers were realized in Nd^3+:ReCa4O(BO3)3(Re=Y,Gd)crystals.For Nd:YCa4O(BO3)3 crystal,the maximum average output power at 532 nm was 19.6 mW,and the corresponding pulse repetition frequency,pulse duration,single pulse energy,and peak power were 17.6 kHz,91.9 ns,1.1μJ,and 12.1 W,respectively.For Nd:GdCa4 O(BO3)3 crystal,these values were 14.5 mW,22.1 kHz,48.7 ns,0.66μJ,and 13.5 W.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2017MF031)
文摘For the first time to our knowledge, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4) nanosheets are found to be an excellent saturable absorber material in the visible waveband. g-C_3N_4 exhibits much stronger saturable absorption in this region than in the near-infrared region, unlike other two-dimensional materials such as graphene and black phosphorus. By the Z-scan method, the nonlinear absorption coefficient β of the material is first measured at three visible wavelengths, and for g-C_3N_4 it is -2.05,-0.34, and -0.11 cm · GW^(-1) at 355, 532, and 650 nm,respectively. These are much larger than -0.06 cm · GW^(-1) at 1064 nm.
基金supported by the Key Foreign Cooperation Projects of the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 181231KYSB20210001)the National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies (No. IRDT-23-11)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51972229,61925508 and 62205359)the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. GG20210301)the National Defense Science and Technology 173 Program (No. 2021-JCJQ-JJ-0639)。
文摘Er:CaF_(2) crystals are crucial gain media for producing 3μm mid-infrared (MIR) lasers pumped by 976 nm continuouswave (CW) lasers owing to their low phonon energy and high conversion efficiency.This study investigated the damage characteristics and mechanism of Er:CaF_(2) crystals irradiated with a 976 nm CW laser.The laser-induced damage threshold of Er:CaF_(2) crystals with different Er^(3+) doping levels was tested;the damage morphology consists of a series of regular 70? cracks related to the angle of the crystal slip system on the surface.A finite-element model was used to calculate the temperature and stress fields of the crystals.The results indicated that the damage can be attributed to surface tensile stresses caused by the temperature gradient,and crystals with higher doping concentrations were more susceptible to damage owing to stronger light absorption.These findings provide valuable insights into the development of high-power MIR lasers.
