Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic growths.The soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shif...Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic growths.The soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar energy.However,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban environment.To overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric energy.Current TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar panels.In this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve transparency.Figures of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV technology.Then we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovskite PVs and organic PVs.The applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and facades.Finally,current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.展开更多
The ammonium salt precipitation method is frequently utilized for extracting vanadium from the leaching solution obtained through sodium roasting of vanadium slag.However,Na^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)ions in the vanadium preci...The ammonium salt precipitation method is frequently utilized for extracting vanadium from the leaching solution obtained through sodium roasting of vanadium slag.However,Na^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)ions in the vanadium precipitation solution can not be effectively separated,leading to a large amount of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater which is difficult to treat.In this study,the manganese salt pretreatment process is used to extract vanadium from a sodium roasting leaching solution,enabling the separation of vanadium and sodium.The vanadium extraction product of manganese salt is dissolved in acid to obtain vanadium-containing leaching solution,then vanadium is extracted by hydrolysis and vanadium precipitation,and V_(2)O_(5)is obtained after impurity removal and calcination.The results show that the rate of vanadium extraction by manganese salt is 98.23%.The vanadium extraction product by manganese salt is Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7),and its sodium content is only 0.167%.Additionally,the acid solubility of vanadium extraction products by manganese salt is 99.52%,and the vanadium precipitation rate of manganese vanadate solution is 92.34%.After the removal of manganese and calcination process,the purity of V_(2)O_(5)product reached 97.73%,with a mere 0.64%loss of vanadium.The Mn_(2)^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)ions in the solution after vanadium precipitation are separated by precipitation method,which reduces the generation of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater.This is conducive to the green and sustainable development of the vanadium industry.展开更多
In this paper, the performance of hybrid precoding is investigated for mmWave massive MIMO systems with different antenna arrays. The hybrid precoding with partially connected architecture (PCA) is adopted. The spectr...In this paper, the performance of hybrid precoding is investigated for mmWave massive MIMO systems with different antenna arrays. The hybrid precoding with partially connected architecture (PCA) is adopted. The spectral efficiency (SE) and received energy efficiency (EE) are investigated by considering four types of antenna arrays, including uniform linear array (ULA), uniform rectangular planar array (URPA), uniform hexagonal planar array (UHPA), and uniform circular planar array (UCPA), respectively. We focus on analysis at the antenna response vector and utilize the idea of orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to seek the optimal hybrid precoder. Furthermore, the trade-off of precoding architectures is studied between SE and received EE. Simulation results show that if the uniform planar array antenna is more concentrated, the SE and receive EE will be higher. Considering SE and received EE, the performance of planar arrays outperform linear array. There exist different optimal radio-frequency chain numbers to maximize the SE for planar array and linear array. In addition, the PCA can achieve relatively higher received EE while the SE is close to the fully connected architecture and the full digital architecture.展开更多
The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting p...The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.展开更多
Pyrophosphate(PPi)anions are crucial in numerous biological and ecological processes involved in energy conversion,enzymatic reactions,and metabolic regulation along with adenosine.They are also significant biological...Pyrophosphate(PPi)anions are crucial in numerous biological and ecological processes involved in energy conversion,enzymatic reactions,and metabolic regulation along with adenosine.They are also significant biological markers for various processes related to diseases.Fluorescent PPi sensors would enable visual and/or biological detection in convenient settings.However,the current availability of commercial sensors has been limited to costly enzymes that are not compatible for imaging.Sensor development has also encountered challenges such as poor selectivity and stability and limited practical applications.In this review,we analyze the situation of PPi sensing via commercial kits and focus on sensors that use metal complexes.We address their designs,sensing mechanisms,selectivities,and detection limits.Finally,we discuss limitations and perspectives for PPi detection and imaging.展开更多
Photothermal CO_(2) hydrogenation is a promising route to produce methanol as a sustainable liquid solar fuel.However,most existing catalysts require a combination of solar irradiation and additional heat input to ach...Photothermal CO_(2) hydrogenation is a promising route to produce methanol as a sustainable liquid solar fuel.However,most existing catalysts require a combination of solar irradiation and additional heat input to achieve a satisfactory reaction rate.For the few that can be driven solely by light,their reaction rates are one order of magnitude lower.We develop a photothermal catalyst with multilevel interfaces that achieves improvedmethanol production from photothermal CO_(2) hydrogenation without external heat.The catalyst features a layered structure comprising Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)(CZA)covered by oxidized carbon black(oCB),where the oCB/CZA interface promotes efficient heat generation and transfer,and the Cu/oxide interface contributes to high catalytic activity.Under a mild pressure of 8 bar,our oCB/CZA catalyst shows a methanol selectivity of 64.7%with a superior production rate of 4.91 mmol-geza-1-h-1,at least one order of magnitude higher than other photothermal catalysts solely driven by light.This work demonstrates a photothermal catalyst design strategy for liquid solar fuel production.展开更多
While total internal reflection(TIR)lays the foundation for many important applications,foremost fibre optics that revolutionised information technologies,it is undesirable in some other applications such as light-emi...While total internal reflection(TIR)lays the foundation for many important applications,foremost fibre optics that revolutionised information technologies,it is undesirable in some other applications such as light-emitting diodes(LEDs),which are a backbone for energy-efficient light sources.In the case of LEDs,TIR prevents photons from escaping the constituent high-index materials.Advances in material science have led to good efficiencies in generating photons from electron–hole pairs,making light extraction the bottleneck of the overall efficiency of LEDs.In recent years,the extraction efficiency has been improved,using nanostructures at the semiconductor/air interface that outcouple trapped photons to the outside continuum.However,the design of geometrical features for light extraction with sizes comparable to or smaller than the optical wavelength always requires sophisticated and timeconsuming fabrication,which causes a gap between lab demonstration and industrial-level applications.Inspired by lightning bugs,we propose and realise a disordered metasurface for light extraction throughout the visible spectrum,achieved with single-step fabrication.By applying such a cost-effective light extraction layer,we improve the external quantum efficiency by a factor of 1.65 for commercialised GaN LEDs,demonstrating a substantial potential for global energy-saving and sustainability.展开更多
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(hereafter Chlamydomonas)possesses both plant and animal attributes,and it is an ideal model organism for studying fundamental processes such as photosynthesis,sexua...The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(hereafter Chlamydomonas)possesses both plant and animal attributes,and it is an ideal model organism for studying fundamental processes such as photosynthesis,sexual reproduction,and life cycle.N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most prevalent mRNA modification,and it plays important roles during sexual reproduction in animals and plants.However,the pattern and function of m^(6)A modification during the sexual reproduction of Chlamydomonas remain unknown.Here,we performed transcriptome and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analyses on six samples from different stages during sexual reproduction of the Chlamydomonas life cycle.The results show that m^(6)A modification frequently occurs at the main motif of DRAC(D=G/A/U,R=A/G)in Chlamydomonas mRNAs.Moreover,m^(6)A peaks in Chlamydomonas mRNAs are mainly enriched in the 30 untranslated regions(30 UTRs)and negatively correlated with the abundance of transcripts at each stage.In particular,there is a significant negative correlation between the expression levels and the m^(6)A levels of genes involved in the microtubule-associated pathway,indicating that m^(6)A modification influences the sexual reproduction and the life cycle of Chlamydomonas by regulating microtubule-based movement.In summary,our findings are the first to demonstrate the distribution and the functions of m^(6)A modification in Chlamydomonas mRNAs and provide new evolutionary insights into m^(6)A modification in the process of sexual reproduction in other plant organisms.展开更多
N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in RNA within R-loops plays pivotal roles in transcription regulation and genome stability.However,the precise impacts and distinct mechanisms of m^(6)A on both regulatory and aberrant R-l...N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in RNA within R-loops plays pivotal roles in transcription regulation and genome stability.However,the precise impacts and distinct mechanisms of m^(6)A on both regulatory and aberrant R-loops remain poorly understood.Here,we reveal that METTL3,the nuclear m^(6)A writer,ensures genome integrity by differentially modulating R-loops in a position-and length-dependent manner.In mouse embryonic stem cells(m ESCs),Mettl3 depletion results in impaired cell proliferation and increased cell death due to excessive DNA damage.Notably,Mettl3 knockout reduces the overall abundance of R-loops,with a decrease in broad R-loops and an increase in sharp Rloops.R-loops are diminished near transcription end sites(TESs),leading to transcriptional readthrough of genes with m^(6)A-modified transcripts and potentially contributing to genome instability.Conversely,increased sharp R-loops located in the antisense orientation relative to gene transcription are associated with DNA damage hotspots.These findings unveil a dual regulatory mechanism in which METTL3-m^(6)A orchestrates transcription fidelity and genome stability through distinct R-loop-dependent manners.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number W2432035)financial support from the EPSRC SWIMS(EP/V039717/1)+3 种基金Royal Society(RGS\R1\221009 and IEC\NSFC\211201)Leverhulme Trust(RPG-2022-263)Ser Cymru programme–Enhancing Competitiveness Equipment Awards 2022-23(MA/VG/2715/22-PN66)the financial support from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Higher Education.
文摘Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic growths.The soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar energy.However,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban environment.To overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric energy.Current TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar panels.In this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve transparency.Figures of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV technology.Then we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovskite PVs and organic PVs.The applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and facades.Finally,current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204309,52374300 and 52174277)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization,China(2022P4FZG11A).
文摘The ammonium salt precipitation method is frequently utilized for extracting vanadium from the leaching solution obtained through sodium roasting of vanadium slag.However,Na^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)ions in the vanadium precipitation solution can not be effectively separated,leading to a large amount of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater which is difficult to treat.In this study,the manganese salt pretreatment process is used to extract vanadium from a sodium roasting leaching solution,enabling the separation of vanadium and sodium.The vanadium extraction product of manganese salt is dissolved in acid to obtain vanadium-containing leaching solution,then vanadium is extracted by hydrolysis and vanadium precipitation,and V_(2)O_(5)is obtained after impurity removal and calcination.The results show that the rate of vanadium extraction by manganese salt is 98.23%.The vanadium extraction product by manganese salt is Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7),and its sodium content is only 0.167%.Additionally,the acid solubility of vanadium extraction products by manganese salt is 99.52%,and the vanadium precipitation rate of manganese vanadate solution is 92.34%.After the removal of manganese and calcination process,the purity of V_(2)O_(5)product reached 97.73%,with a mere 0.64%loss of vanadium.The Mn_(2)^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)ions in the solution after vanadium precipitation are separated by precipitation method,which reduces the generation of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater.This is conducive to the green and sustainable development of the vanadium industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61961018)the Jiangxi Province Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar (No.20192BCB23013)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20171BAB202001, 20192ACB21003)the Science Program of Jiangxi Educational Committee (No.GJJ180307)
文摘In this paper, the performance of hybrid precoding is investigated for mmWave massive MIMO systems with different antenna arrays. The hybrid precoding with partially connected architecture (PCA) is adopted. The spectral efficiency (SE) and received energy efficiency (EE) are investigated by considering four types of antenna arrays, including uniform linear array (ULA), uniform rectangular planar array (URPA), uniform hexagonal planar array (UHPA), and uniform circular planar array (UCPA), respectively. We focus on analysis at the antenna response vector and utilize the idea of orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to seek the optimal hybrid precoder. Furthermore, the trade-off of precoding architectures is studied between SE and received EE. Simulation results show that if the uniform planar array antenna is more concentrated, the SE and receive EE will be higher. Considering SE and received EE, the performance of planar arrays outperform linear array. There exist different optimal radio-frequency chain numbers to maximize the SE for planar array and linear array. In addition, the PCA can achieve relatively higher received EE while the SE is close to the fully connected architecture and the full digital architecture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174277 and 51874077)the Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.N2225032)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720683)the Postdoctoral Fund of Northeastern University,China。
文摘The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.
文摘Pyrophosphate(PPi)anions are crucial in numerous biological and ecological processes involved in energy conversion,enzymatic reactions,and metabolic regulation along with adenosine.They are also significant biological markers for various processes related to diseases.Fluorescent PPi sensors would enable visual and/or biological detection in convenient settings.However,the current availability of commercial sensors has been limited to costly enzymes that are not compatible for imaging.Sensor development has also encountered challenges such as poor selectivity and stability and limited practical applications.In this review,we analyze the situation of PPi sensing via commercial kits and focus on sensors that use metal complexes.We address their designs,sensing mechanisms,selectivities,and detection limits.Finally,we discuss limitations and perspectives for PPi detection and imaging.
文摘Photothermal CO_(2) hydrogenation is a promising route to produce methanol as a sustainable liquid solar fuel.However,most existing catalysts require a combination of solar irradiation and additional heat input to achieve a satisfactory reaction rate.For the few that can be driven solely by light,their reaction rates are one order of magnitude lower.We develop a photothermal catalyst with multilevel interfaces that achieves improvedmethanol production from photothermal CO_(2) hydrogenation without external heat.The catalyst features a layered structure comprising Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)(CZA)covered by oxidized carbon black(oCB),where the oCB/CZA interface promotes efficient heat generation and transfer,and the Cu/oxide interface contributes to high catalytic activity.Under a mild pressure of 8 bar,our oCB/CZA catalyst shows a methanol selectivity of 64.7%with a superior production rate of 4.91 mmol-geza-1-h-1,at least one order of magnitude higher than other photothermal catalysts solely driven by light.This work demonstrates a photothermal catalyst design strategy for liquid solar fuel production.
基金P.M.and M.H.acknowledge the financial support from by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11627806,U1909214,11604161)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0201002)+5 种基金P.M.acknowledges the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant(Grant No.752102)C.L.acknowledges the financial support from Humboldt Research Fellowship from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.P.M.,C.L.and S.Z acknowledge 2020 European Research Council Project Nos.734578(D-SPA)and 648783(TOPOLOGICAL)Leverhulme Trust(grant no.RPG-2012-674)the Royal Society,the Wolfson Foundation.S.A.M.acknowledges funding support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy,EXC 2089/1-390776260the Solar Energies go Hybrid(SolTech)programme,the EPSRC Reactive Plasmonics Programme(EP/M013812/1)the Lee-Lucas Chair in Physics.X.L.,M.L.and E.S.acknowledge financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada.
文摘While total internal reflection(TIR)lays the foundation for many important applications,foremost fibre optics that revolutionised information technologies,it is undesirable in some other applications such as light-emitting diodes(LEDs),which are a backbone for energy-efficient light sources.In the case of LEDs,TIR prevents photons from escaping the constituent high-index materials.Advances in material science have led to good efficiencies in generating photons from electron–hole pairs,making light extraction the bottleneck of the overall efficiency of LEDs.In recent years,the extraction efficiency has been improved,using nanostructures at the semiconductor/air interface that outcouple trapped photons to the outside continuum.However,the design of geometrical features for light extraction with sizes comparable to or smaller than the optical wavelength always requires sophisticated and timeconsuming fabrication,which causes a gap between lab demonstration and industrial-level applications.Inspired by lightning bugs,we propose and realise a disordered metasurface for light extraction throughout the visible spectrum,achieved with single-step fabrication.By applying such a cost-effective light extraction layer,we improve the external quantum efficiency by a factor of 1.65 for commercialised GaN LEDs,demonstrating a substantial potential for global energy-saving and sustainability.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2019YFA0904600,2018YFA0801200,and 2021YFA0910800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31870217 and 91940304).
文摘The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii(hereafter Chlamydomonas)possesses both plant and animal attributes,and it is an ideal model organism for studying fundamental processes such as photosynthesis,sexual reproduction,and life cycle.N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most prevalent mRNA modification,and it plays important roles during sexual reproduction in animals and plants.However,the pattern and function of m^(6)A modification during the sexual reproduction of Chlamydomonas remain unknown.Here,we performed transcriptome and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analyses on six samples from different stages during sexual reproduction of the Chlamydomonas life cycle.The results show that m^(6)A modification frequently occurs at the main motif of DRAC(D=G/A/U,R=A/G)in Chlamydomonas mRNAs.Moreover,m^(6)A peaks in Chlamydomonas mRNAs are mainly enriched in the 30 untranslated regions(30 UTRs)and negatively correlated with the abundance of transcripts at each stage.In particular,there is a significant negative correlation between the expression levels and the m^(6)A levels of genes involved in the microtubule-associated pathway,indicating that m^(6)A modification influences the sexual reproduction and the life cycle of Chlamydomonas by regulating microtubule-based movement.In summary,our findings are the first to demonstrate the distribution and the functions of m^(6)A modification in Chlamydomonas mRNAs and provide new evolutionary insights into m^(6)A modification in the process of sexual reproduction in other plant organisms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1802100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0570101)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370644,32121001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC3405901,2020YFA0803401)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LYSM013)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L244023)Next-Generation Bioinformatics Algorithms(XDA0460302)CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team。
文摘N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)in RNA within R-loops plays pivotal roles in transcription regulation and genome stability.However,the precise impacts and distinct mechanisms of m^(6)A on both regulatory and aberrant R-loops remain poorly understood.Here,we reveal that METTL3,the nuclear m^(6)A writer,ensures genome integrity by differentially modulating R-loops in a position-and length-dependent manner.In mouse embryonic stem cells(m ESCs),Mettl3 depletion results in impaired cell proliferation and increased cell death due to excessive DNA damage.Notably,Mettl3 knockout reduces the overall abundance of R-loops,with a decrease in broad R-loops and an increase in sharp Rloops.R-loops are diminished near transcription end sites(TESs),leading to transcriptional readthrough of genes with m^(6)A-modified transcripts and potentially contributing to genome instability.Conversely,increased sharp R-loops located in the antisense orientation relative to gene transcription are associated with DNA damage hotspots.These findings unveil a dual regulatory mechanism in which METTL3-m^(6)A orchestrates transcription fidelity and genome stability through distinct R-loop-dependent manners.
