Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the eff...Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the effect of combined addition of organic and inorganic matrix materials on rice production. We developed a slow-release urea fertilizer with selected organic and inorganic matrix materials. The study aimed to: i) determine the effect of the slow-release urea on rice yield, profit, and agronomic efficiency and ii) elucidate its possible mechanisms. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016. Besides,laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the potential N loss risk. Three treatments were set up: control without N application(CK), regular urea treatment(RU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)), and slow-release urea treatment(SU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that rice biomass and grain yield were significantly higher in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). The higher panicle density in SU was largely responsible for the greater grain yield. Net profit in SU was US$450 ha^(-1), higher than in RU. Agronomic efficiency was significantly greater in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). Rice height, root area, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrate reductase activity, and leaf glutamine synthetase activity were larger in SU than in RU. Less N loss and greater soil N availability were partly responsible for the improvements in rice growth traits and physiological parameters in SU. Overall, the slow-release urea is a promising fertilizer for rice production.展开更多
Minerals are essential components of terrestrial surface soils,forming the basis for soil formation,development,and functionality.They play a vital role in the ecological functions of soils,which has long been a focus...Minerals are essential components of terrestrial surface soils,forming the basis for soil formation,development,and functionality.They play a vital role in the ecological functions of soils,which has long been a focus of soil science research.Minerals significantly affect the physicochemical properties of soils and,as a result,regulate the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and organic/inorganic pollutants.The early concept of the“Mineralosphere”highlights the influence of minerals on the spatial distribution and functional activity of soil microorganisms.More recently,the concept of the soil mineral carbon pump has gained attention for its emphasis on the role of minerals in preserving soil organic carbon.This paper reviews the development of the Mineralosphere,expanding its conceptual framework by exploring the interactions between soil minerals,microorganisms,pollutants,and nutrients,and by elucidating the mechanisms by which minerals stabilize organic carbon.Finally,we propose future research directions for the Mineralosphere,aiming to further clarify the biogeochemical cycles involved and contribute to sustainable agricultural development and the achievement of dual carbon goals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2017YFD0301302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31601828 and 31500300)+1 种基金Anhui Science and Technology Major Project (No.18030701205)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFJ-STS-QYZD-008)。
文摘Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the effect of combined addition of organic and inorganic matrix materials on rice production. We developed a slow-release urea fertilizer with selected organic and inorganic matrix materials. The study aimed to: i) determine the effect of the slow-release urea on rice yield, profit, and agronomic efficiency and ii) elucidate its possible mechanisms. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016. Besides,laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the potential N loss risk. Three treatments were set up: control without N application(CK), regular urea treatment(RU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)), and slow-release urea treatment(SU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that rice biomass and grain yield were significantly higher in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). The higher panicle density in SU was largely responsible for the greater grain yield. Net profit in SU was US$450 ha^(-1), higher than in RU. Agronomic efficiency was significantly greater in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). Rice height, root area, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrate reductase activity, and leaf glutamine synthetase activity were larger in SU than in RU. Less N loss and greater soil N availability were partly responsible for the improvements in rice growth traits and physiological parameters in SU. Overall, the slow-release urea is a promising fertilizer for rice production.
基金supported by the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team and Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Fund for Young Scientists Fund Program(Grant No.42407434)。
文摘Minerals are essential components of terrestrial surface soils,forming the basis for soil formation,development,and functionality.They play a vital role in the ecological functions of soils,which has long been a focus of soil science research.Minerals significantly affect the physicochemical properties of soils and,as a result,regulate the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and organic/inorganic pollutants.The early concept of the“Mineralosphere”highlights the influence of minerals on the spatial distribution and functional activity of soil microorganisms.More recently,the concept of the soil mineral carbon pump has gained attention for its emphasis on the role of minerals in preserving soil organic carbon.This paper reviews the development of the Mineralosphere,expanding its conceptual framework by exploring the interactions between soil minerals,microorganisms,pollutants,and nutrients,and by elucidating the mechanisms by which minerals stabilize organic carbon.Finally,we propose future research directions for the Mineralosphere,aiming to further clarify the biogeochemical cycles involved and contribute to sustainable agricultural development and the achievement of dual carbon goals.
