The sluggish redox kinetics and shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides intermediate primarily restrict the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries. To address this issue, rational design of hig...The sluggish redox kinetics and shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides intermediate primarily restrict the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries. To address this issue, rational design of high–efficiency sulfur host is increasingly demanded to accelerate the polysulfides conversion during charge/discharge process. Herein, we propose a macro–mesoporous sulfur host(Co@NC), which comprises highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles embedding in N–doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets. Co@NC is simply synthesized via a carbon nitride–derived pyrolysis approach. Owing to the highly conductive graphene–like matrix and well defined porous structure, the designed multifunctional Co@NC host enables rapid electron/ion transport, electrolyte penetration and effective sulfur trapping. More significantly,N heteroatoms and homogeneous Co nanocatalysts in the graphitic carbon nanosheets could serve as chemisorption sites as well as electrocatalytic centers for sulfur species. These Co–N active sites can synergistically facilitate the redox conversion kinetics and mitigate the shuttling of polysulfides, thus leading to improved electrochemical cycling performance of Li–S batteries. As a consequence, the S/Co@NC cathode demonstrates high initial specific capacity(1505 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C) and excellent cycling stability at 1 C over 300 cycles, giving rise to a capacity retention of 91.7% and an average capacity decline of 0.03%cycle-1.展开更多
Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas.Resistance is quantitatively inherited,and a common quantitative trait ...Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas.Resistance is quantitatively inherited,and a common quantitative trait locus QTL-11B on chromosome 11 has been identified previously.In this study,the SlPub24 gene was characterized in QTL-11B.SlPub24 in PI 114490 was upregulated by infection with X.euvesicatoria pv.perforans race T3,but its transcription was low in the susceptible line OH 88119 whether or not it was infected by the pathogen.The differential expression of SlPub24 between PI 114490 and OH 88119 was due to great sequence variation in the promoter region.The promoter of SlPub24 in OH 88119 had very low activity and did not respond to pathogen infection.Transgenic lines of OH 88119 overexpressing SlPub24 isolated from PI 114490 showed significantly enhanced resistance,while mutants of Slpub24 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing showed more susceptibility to race T3 and to other races.The mutants also showed spontaneous cell death in leaves.The expression of the salicylic acid(SA)pathway gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and signaling-related genes pathogenesis-related(PR1)and nonexpresser of PR1(NPR1)were influenced by SlPub24.The content of SA in tomato plants was consistent with the level of SlPub24 expression.Furthermore,SlPUB24 interacted with the cell wall protein SlCWP and could regulate the degradation of SlCWP.The expression levels of SlCWP and SlCWINV1,a cell wall invertase gene,showed opposite patterns during pathogen infection.The activity of SlCWINV1 was lower in mutants than in PI 114490.The results are discussed in terms of the roles of the abovementioned genes,and a potential model for SlPUB24-mediated resistance to bacterial spot is proposed.展开更多
By exploiting the nonlinear responses of fluorescent probes,the spatial resolution of structured illumination microscopy(SIM)can be further increased.However,the traditional reconstruction method of nonlinear structur...By exploiting the nonlinear responses of fluorescent probes,the spatial resolution of structured illumination microscopy(SIM)can be further increased.However,the traditional reconstruction method of nonlinear structured illumination microscopy(NL-SIM)is very slow due to its complex process,which poses a significant challenge to display super resolution results in real-time.Here,we describe an efficient and robust SIM algorithm that enables rapid and accurate full-process SIM reconstruction.First,we present a fast illumination parameters estimation algorithm based on discrete Fourier transforms that result in a more simplified workflow than that of classical methods.Second,an accelerated NL-SIM reconstruction algorithm is developed by extending a highspeed reconstruction framework,joint space and frequency reconstruction(JSFR),to the NL-SIM.In particular,we provide the open-source MATLAB toolbox of our JSFR-NL-SIM algorithm.The entire image reconstruction process is completed in the milliseconds range,representing a significant time saving for the user.展开更多
基金the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(nos.2017A030313283,2017A030313083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.51602109)。
文摘The sluggish redox kinetics and shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides intermediate primarily restrict the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries. To address this issue, rational design of high–efficiency sulfur host is increasingly demanded to accelerate the polysulfides conversion during charge/discharge process. Herein, we propose a macro–mesoporous sulfur host(Co@NC), which comprises highly dispersed cobalt nanoparticles embedding in N–doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets. Co@NC is simply synthesized via a carbon nitride–derived pyrolysis approach. Owing to the highly conductive graphene–like matrix and well defined porous structure, the designed multifunctional Co@NC host enables rapid electron/ion transport, electrolyte penetration and effective sulfur trapping. More significantly,N heteroatoms and homogeneous Co nanocatalysts in the graphitic carbon nanosheets could serve as chemisorption sites as well as electrocatalytic centers for sulfur species. These Co–N active sites can synergistically facilitate the redox conversion kinetics and mitigate the shuttling of polysulfides, thus leading to improved electrochemical cycling performance of Li–S batteries. As a consequence, the S/Co@NC cathode demonstrates high initial specific capacity(1505 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C) and excellent cycling stability at 1 C over 300 cycles, giving rise to a capacity retention of 91.7% and an average capacity decline of 0.03%cycle-1.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0101007)the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032).
文摘Solanum lycopersicum var.cerasiforme accession PI 114490 has broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial spot caused by several species of Xanthomonas.Resistance is quantitatively inherited,and a common quantitative trait locus QTL-11B on chromosome 11 has been identified previously.In this study,the SlPub24 gene was characterized in QTL-11B.SlPub24 in PI 114490 was upregulated by infection with X.euvesicatoria pv.perforans race T3,but its transcription was low in the susceptible line OH 88119 whether or not it was infected by the pathogen.The differential expression of SlPub24 between PI 114490 and OH 88119 was due to great sequence variation in the promoter region.The promoter of SlPub24 in OH 88119 had very low activity and did not respond to pathogen infection.Transgenic lines of OH 88119 overexpressing SlPub24 isolated from PI 114490 showed significantly enhanced resistance,while mutants of Slpub24 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing showed more susceptibility to race T3 and to other races.The mutants also showed spontaneous cell death in leaves.The expression of the salicylic acid(SA)pathway gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and signaling-related genes pathogenesis-related(PR1)and nonexpresser of PR1(NPR1)were influenced by SlPub24.The content of SA in tomato plants was consistent with the level of SlPub24 expression.Furthermore,SlPUB24 interacted with the cell wall protein SlCWP and could regulate the degradation of SlCWP.The expression levels of SlCWP and SlCWINV1,a cell wall invertase gene,showed opposite patterns during pathogen infection.The activity of SlCWINV1 was lower in mutants than in PI 114490.The results are discussed in terms of the roles of the abovementioned genes,and a potential model for SlPUB24-mediated resistance to bacterial spot is proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62435007,62135003,62205267,62205265)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0712500,2023YFF0722600)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2022JZ-34,2022JM-321,2024JC-YBMS494)。
文摘By exploiting the nonlinear responses of fluorescent probes,the spatial resolution of structured illumination microscopy(SIM)can be further increased.However,the traditional reconstruction method of nonlinear structured illumination microscopy(NL-SIM)is very slow due to its complex process,which poses a significant challenge to display super resolution results in real-time.Here,we describe an efficient and robust SIM algorithm that enables rapid and accurate full-process SIM reconstruction.First,we present a fast illumination parameters estimation algorithm based on discrete Fourier transforms that result in a more simplified workflow than that of classical methods.Second,an accelerated NL-SIM reconstruction algorithm is developed by extending a highspeed reconstruction framework,joint space and frequency reconstruction(JSFR),to the NL-SIM.In particular,we provide the open-source MATLAB toolbox of our JSFR-NL-SIM algorithm.The entire image reconstruction process is completed in the milliseconds range,representing a significant time saving for the user.
