Objective and Impact Statement:The multi-quantification of the distinct individualized maxillofacial traits,that is,quantifying multiple indices,is vital for diagnosis,decision-making,and prognosis of the maxillofacia...Objective and Impact Statement:The multi-quantification of the distinct individualized maxillofacial traits,that is,quantifying multiple indices,is vital for diagnosis,decision-making,and prognosis of the maxillofacial surgery.Introduction:While the discrete and demographically disproportionate distributions of the multiple indices restrict the generalization ability of artificial intelligence(AI)-based automatic analysis,this study presents a demographic-parity strategy for AI-based multi-quantification.Methods:In the aesthetic-concerning maxillary alveolar basal bone,which requires quantifying a total of 9 indices from length and width dimensional,this study collected a total of 4,000 cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)sagittal images,and developed a deep learning model composed of a backbone and multiple regression heads with fully shared parameters to intelligently predict these quantitative metrics.Through auditing of the primary generalization result,the sensitive attribute was identified and the dataset was subdivided to train new submodels.Then,submodels trained from respective subsets were ensembled for final generalization.Results:The primary generalization result showed that the AI model underperformed in quantifying major basal bone indices.The sex factor was proved to be the sensitive attribute.The final model was ensembled by the male and female submodels,which yielded equal performance between genders,low error,high consistency,satisfying correlation coefficient,and highly focused attention.The ensemble model exhibited high similarity to clinicians with minor processing time.Conclusion:This work validates that the demographic parity strategy enables the AI algorithm with greater model generalization ability,even for the highly variable traits,which benefits for the appearance-concerning maxillofacial surgery.展开更多
Intelligent fibers serve as versatile functional interfaces facilitating bidirectional human-environment interaction and constitute foundational elements for next-generation wearable computing/human interaction system...Intelligent fibers serve as versatile functional interfaces facilitating bidirectional human-environment interaction and constitute foundational elements for next-generation wearable computing/human interaction systems. These intelligent fibers and wearables exhibit multifunctional capabilities, including perception or response to external stimuli, energy harvesting/storage, microclimate regulation, information transmission,and expansive multifunctionality [1-3]. The design of intelligent fibers entails complex multiscale parameter coupling, spanning from nanoscale building block features to macrostructure optimized for wearable applications.展开更多
Owing to the tooth-centered nature of most oral diseases,the tooth-centric radial plane of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)depicts the anatomical and pathological features along the long axis of the tooth,serving a...Owing to the tooth-centered nature of most oral diseases,the tooth-centric radial plane of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)depicts the anatomical and pathological features along the long axis of the tooth,serving as a crucial imaging modality in the diagnosis,treatment planning,and prognosis of multiple oral diseases.However,reconstructing these standard planes from CBCT is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and error-prone due to anatomical variances and multi-center discrepancies.This study proposes an expertise-inspired artificial intelligence(AI)pipeline for the reconstruction of the tooth-centric radial plane.By emulating expert's workflow,this AI pipeline acquires the optimized maxillary and mandibular cross sections,segments the teeth for dental arch curve depiction,and reconstructs dental arch-defined tooth-centric radial planes.A total of 420 CBCT scans from two independent centers,comprising both healthy and diseased subjects,were collected for model development and validation.Teeth on the optimized cross sections were explicitly segmented even in the presence of various complex diseases,resulting in precise dental arch curve depictions.The AI-reconstructed tooth-centric radial planes for all teeth exhibited low angular and distance errors compared with the ground truth planes.In terms of clinical utility,the AI-reconstructed planes demonstrated high image quality,accurately represented anatomical and pathological features,and facilitated precise dental biometrics measurement by both clinicians and downstream AI diagnostic tools.The expertise-inspired AI pipeline showcases outstanding performance in reconstructing tooth-centric radial planes and offers significant clinical utility for intelligent oral health management with high interpretability,robustness and generalization capabilities.展开更多
Finely tuning mechanosensitive membrane proteins holds great potential in precisely controlling inflammatory responses.In addition to macroscopic force,mechanosensitive membrane proteins are reported to be sensitive t...Finely tuning mechanosensitive membrane proteins holds great potential in precisely controlling inflammatory responses.In addition to macroscopic force,mechanosensitive membrane proteins are reported to be sensitive to micro-nano forces.Integrinβ_(2),for example,might undergo a piconewton scale stretching force in the activation state.High-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures were found to generate nN-scale biomechanical force.Together with the advantages of uniform and precisely tunable structural parameters,it is fascinating to develop low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures to generate micro-nano forces for finely modulating their conformations and the subsequent mechanoimmiune responses.In this study,low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures were developed to finely manipulate the conformation of integrinβ_(2).The direct interaction of forces and the model molecule integrinαXβ_(2)was first performed.It was demonstrated that pressing force could successfully induce conformational compression and deactivation of integrinαXβ_(2),and approximately 270 to 720 pN may be required to inhibit its conformational extension and activation.Three low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic surfaces(nanohemispheres,nanorods,and nanoholes)with various structural parameters were specially designed to generate the micro-nano forces.It was found that the nanorods and nanohemispheres surfaces induce greater contact pressure at the contact interface between macrophages and nanotopographic structures,particularly after cell adhesion.These higher contact pressures successfully inhibited the conformational extension and activation of integrinβ_(2),suppressing focal adhesion activity and the downstream PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,reducing NF-κB signaling and macrophage inflammatory responses.Our findings suggest that nanotopographic structures can be used to finely tune mechanosensitive membrane protein conformation changes,providing an effective strategy for precisely modulating inflammatory responses.展开更多
Micro/nano topographic structures have shown great utility in many biomedical areas including cell therapies,tissue engineering,and implantable devices.Computer-assisted informatics methods hold great promise for the ...Micro/nano topographic structures have shown great utility in many biomedical areas including cell therapies,tissue engineering,and implantable devices.Computer-assisted informatics methods hold great promise for the design of topographic structures with targeted properties for a specific medical application.To benefit from these methods,researchers and engineers require a highly reusable“one structural parameter-one set of cell responses”database.However,existing confounding factors in topographic cell culture devices seriously impede the acquisition of this kind of data.Through carefully dissecting the confounding factors and their possible reasons for emergence,we developed corresponding guideline requirements for topographic cell culture device development to remove or control the influence of such factors.Based on these requirements,we then suggested potential strategies to meet them.In this work,we also experimentally demonstrated a topographic cell culture device with controlled confounding factors based on these guideline requirements and corresponding strategies.A“guideline for the development of topographic cell culture devices”was summarized to instruct researchers to develop topographic cell culture devices with the confounding factors removed or well controlled.This guideline aims to promote the establishment of a highly reusable“one structural parameter-one set of cell responses”database that could facilitate the application of informatics methods,such as artificial intelligence,in the rational design of future biotopographic structures with high efficacy.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(no.2023B03J1232)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301036)+1 种基金Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(no.pdjh2023b0013)Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation of Sun Yat-sen University(20240518).
文摘Objective and Impact Statement:The multi-quantification of the distinct individualized maxillofacial traits,that is,quantifying multiple indices,is vital for diagnosis,decision-making,and prognosis of the maxillofacial surgery.Introduction:While the discrete and demographically disproportionate distributions of the multiple indices restrict the generalization ability of artificial intelligence(AI)-based automatic analysis,this study presents a demographic-parity strategy for AI-based multi-quantification.Methods:In the aesthetic-concerning maxillary alveolar basal bone,which requires quantifying a total of 9 indices from length and width dimensional,this study collected a total of 4,000 cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)sagittal images,and developed a deep learning model composed of a backbone and multiple regression heads with fully shared parameters to intelligently predict these quantitative metrics.Through auditing of the primary generalization result,the sensitive attribute was identified and the dataset was subdivided to train new submodels.Then,submodels trained from respective subsets were ensembled for final generalization.Results:The primary generalization result showed that the AI model underperformed in quantifying major basal bone indices.The sex factor was proved to be the sensitive attribute.The final model was ensembled by the male and female submodels,which yielded equal performance between genders,low error,high consistency,satisfying correlation coefficient,and highly focused attention.The ensemble model exhibited high similarity to clinicians with minor processing time.Conclusion:This work validates that the demographic parity strategy enables the AI algorithm with greater model generalization ability,even for the highly variable traits,which benefits for the appearance-concerning maxillofacial surgery.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1203302,2022YFA1203304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52472039, T2188101)+1 种基金the Joint Research Project of the Shijiazhuang-Peking University Cooperation Programthe Beijing Municipal Education Commission under the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (BPHR202203063)。
文摘Intelligent fibers serve as versatile functional interfaces facilitating bidirectional human-environment interaction and constitute foundational elements for next-generation wearable computing/human interaction systems. These intelligent fibers and wearables exhibit multifunctional capabilities, including perception or response to external stimuli, energy harvesting/storage, microclimate regulation, information transmission,and expansive multifunctionality [1-3]. The design of intelligent fibers entails complex multiscale parameter coupling, spanning from nanoscale building block features to macrostructure optimized for wearable applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82402380Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation of Sun Yat-sen University,Grant/Award Number:20240518+1 种基金Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students'Scientific and Technological Innovation,Grant/Award Number:pdjh2023b0013Guangzhou Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:2023B03J1232。
文摘Owing to the tooth-centered nature of most oral diseases,the tooth-centric radial plane of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)depicts the anatomical and pathological features along the long axis of the tooth,serving as a crucial imaging modality in the diagnosis,treatment planning,and prognosis of multiple oral diseases.However,reconstructing these standard planes from CBCT is labor-intensive,time-consuming,and error-prone due to anatomical variances and multi-center discrepancies.This study proposes an expertise-inspired artificial intelligence(AI)pipeline for the reconstruction of the tooth-centric radial plane.By emulating expert's workflow,this AI pipeline acquires the optimized maxillary and mandibular cross sections,segments the teeth for dental arch curve depiction,and reconstructs dental arch-defined tooth-centric radial planes.A total of 420 CBCT scans from two independent centers,comprising both healthy and diseased subjects,were collected for model development and validation.Teeth on the optimized cross sections were explicitly segmented even in the presence of various complex diseases,resulting in precise dental arch curve depictions.The AI-reconstructed tooth-centric radial planes for all teeth exhibited low angular and distance errors compared with the ground truth planes.In terms of clinical utility,the AI-reconstructed planes demonstrated high image quality,accurately represented anatomical and pathological features,and facilitated precise dental biometrics measurement by both clinicians and downstream AI diagnostic tools.The expertise-inspired AI pipeline showcases outstanding performance in reconstructing tooth-centric radial planes and offers significant clinical utility for intelligent oral health management with high interpretability,robustness and generalization capabilities.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82061167)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1104400)+3 种基金the International Team for Implantology(ITI)Research Grant(No.1536_2020)Fundamental Research Funds of Sun Yat-sen University(No.22ykqb06)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.SL2022B03J00507)Guangdong Financial Fund for High-Caliber Hospital Construction,and National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.202210772).
文摘Finely tuning mechanosensitive membrane proteins holds great potential in precisely controlling inflammatory responses.In addition to macroscopic force,mechanosensitive membrane proteins are reported to be sensitive to micro-nano forces.Integrinβ_(2),for example,might undergo a piconewton scale stretching force in the activation state.High-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures were found to generate nN-scale biomechanical force.Together with the advantages of uniform and precisely tunable structural parameters,it is fascinating to develop low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures to generate micro-nano forces for finely modulating their conformations and the subsequent mechanoimmiune responses.In this study,low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic structures were developed to finely manipulate the conformation of integrinβ_(2).The direct interaction of forces and the model molecule integrinαXβ_(2)was first performed.It was demonstrated that pressing force could successfully induce conformational compression and deactivation of integrinαXβ_(2),and approximately 270 to 720 pN may be required to inhibit its conformational extension and activation.Three low-aspect-ratio nanotopographic surfaces(nanohemispheres,nanorods,and nanoholes)with various structural parameters were specially designed to generate the micro-nano forces.It was found that the nanorods and nanohemispheres surfaces induce greater contact pressure at the contact interface between macrophages and nanotopographic structures,particularly after cell adhesion.These higher contact pressures successfully inhibited the conformational extension and activation of integrinβ_(2),suppressing focal adhesion activity and the downstream PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,reducing NF-κB signaling and macrophage inflammatory responses.Our findings suggest that nanotopographic structures can be used to finely tune mechanosensitive membrane protein conformation changes,providing an effective strategy for precisely modulating inflammatory responses.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071167)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030306030)+2 种基金International Team for Implantology(ITI)Research Grant(1536_2020)Guangdong Financial Fund for High-Caliber Hospital ConstructionSpecial Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(“Climbing Program”Special Funds,pdjh2020b0011).
文摘Micro/nano topographic structures have shown great utility in many biomedical areas including cell therapies,tissue engineering,and implantable devices.Computer-assisted informatics methods hold great promise for the design of topographic structures with targeted properties for a specific medical application.To benefit from these methods,researchers and engineers require a highly reusable“one structural parameter-one set of cell responses”database.However,existing confounding factors in topographic cell culture devices seriously impede the acquisition of this kind of data.Through carefully dissecting the confounding factors and their possible reasons for emergence,we developed corresponding guideline requirements for topographic cell culture device development to remove or control the influence of such factors.Based on these requirements,we then suggested potential strategies to meet them.In this work,we also experimentally demonstrated a topographic cell culture device with controlled confounding factors based on these guideline requirements and corresponding strategies.A“guideline for the development of topographic cell culture devices”was summarized to instruct researchers to develop topographic cell culture devices with the confounding factors removed or well controlled.This guideline aims to promote the establishment of a highly reusable“one structural parameter-one set of cell responses”database that could facilitate the application of informatics methods,such as artificial intelligence,in the rational design of future biotopographic structures with high efficacy.
