Negative thermal expansion(NTE)is fascinating,as it involves a material’s volume contraction rather than expansion upon heating.Although NTE lattices typically have highly flexible frameworks,the magnitude of NTE is ...Negative thermal expansion(NTE)is fascinating,as it involves a material’s volume contraction rather than expansion upon heating.Although NTE lattices typically have highly flexible frameworks,the magnitude of NTE is often very small,and they frequently exhibit a narrow temperature range for controllable NTEs.It remains a great challenge to achieve large NTE while maintaining a wide temperature operation range from the currently available materials.Herein,we present a novel PbTiO_(3)(PT)-based perovskite system,(1−x)PbTiO_(3)-xBiYbO_(3),synthesized via a distinctive highpressure and high-temperature technique.Compared with pristine PbTiO_(3)(c/a=1.064),the system exhibited unusual enhanced tetragonalities.Consequently,NTE over an extended temperatureαVαVαV range has been realized in 0.95PbTiO_(3)-0.05BiYbO_(3)(-av=−2.18×10^(−5)K^(−1),300-820 K)and 0.90PbTiO_(3)−0.10BiYbO_(3)(-av=−1.85×10^(−5)K^(−1),300-850 K)compared with that of pristine PbTiO_(3)(-av=−1.99×10^(−5)K^(−1),300-763 K).Our experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the improved tetragonality and expanded NTE temperature range result from larger ionic displacements and an enhanced asymmetric charge distribution,both of which are induced by BiYbO_(3) substitution.The present study presents a new example of an NTE across a broad temperature range,highlighting its potential as an effective thermal expansion compensator.展开更多
Power grids play a critical role in modern society, serving as the lifeline of a well-functioning economy. This article presents a first large-scale study on the risk estimation of tropical cyclone(TC)-induced winds a...Power grids play a critical role in modern society, serving as the lifeline of a well-functioning economy. This article presents a first large-scale study on the risk estimation of tropical cyclone(TC)-induced winds and coastal floods, which can widely impact power grids in Southeast and East Asia. Our comprehensive risk model incorporates detailed infrastructure data from OpenStreetMap(OSM) and government power grid maps, along with global hazard maps and vulnerability curves. The results reveal that the estimated expected annual damages from TCs and coastal floods to OSM-mapped assets account for approximately 0.07%(0.00–0.38%) and 0.02%(0.00–0.02%) of the total GDP of the study area, respectively. We analyzed the main sources of uncertainty in the risk model and emphasized the importance of understanding asset vulnerability.These results highlight the urgent need to strengthen power infrastructure to withstand the impacts of natural hazards, and the significance of reliable risk information for improving power grid design and planning. Focusing on developing more region-specific infrastructure data and vulnerability curves will improve the accuracy of risk estimation and provide valuable insights not only for the electricity sector but also for customers of other infrastructure systems that heavily rely on a stable supply of electricity.展开更多
In the classical microbial isolation technique,the isolation process inevitably destroys all microbial interactions and thus makes it difficult to culture the many microorganisms that rely on these interactions for su...In the classical microbial isolation technique,the isolation process inevitably destroys all microbial interactions and thus makes it difficult to culture the many microorganisms that rely on these interactions for survival.In this study,we designed a simple coculture technique named the“sandwich agar plate method,”which maintains microbial interactions throughout the isolation and pure culture processes.The total yield of uncultured species in sandwich agar plates based on eight helper strains was almost 10-fold that of the control group.Many uncultured species displayed commensal lifestyles.Further study found that heme was the growth-promoting factor of some marine commensal bacteria.Subsequent genomic analysis revealed that heme auxotrophies were common in various biotopes and prevalent in many uncultured microbial taxa.Moreover,our study supported that the survival strategies of heme auxotrophy in different habitats varied considerably.These findings highlight that cocultivation based on the“sandwich agar plate method”could be developed and used to isolate more uncultured bacteria.展开更多
The relationship between natural hazard-induced disasters and macroeconomic growth has been examined widely on global and national scales, but little research has been focused on the subnational level, especially in C...The relationship between natural hazard-induced disasters and macroeconomic growth has been examined widely on global and national scales, but little research has been focused on the subnational level, especially in China.We examined the impacts of natural hazard-induced disasters on the regional growth in China based on subnational panel data for the period from 1990 to 2016. First, we used the number of people affected and the direct economic losses as the measures of the scale of disasters. Then, we used the direct damages of meteorological disasters and earthquakes as disaster measures separately to examine the impacts of different disaster types. Finally, we performed intraregional effects regressions to observe the spatial heterogeneity within the regions. The results show that the adverse short-term effects of disasters is most pronounced in the central region, while the direct damage of disasters is a positive stimulus of growth in the whole of China.However, this stimulus is observed in a lagged way and is reflected differently—meteorological disasters in central and eastern China and earthquakes in western China are related to regional growth. The results demonstrate that the short-term macroeconomic impacts of these disasters in the three geographical regions of China largely depend on regional economic development levels and the disaster types.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1400300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271309,12304268,12425403,and 12261131499)+4 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.F251005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB33000000)Duo Wang acknowledges financial support from the Science and Technology Development Fund from Macao SAR(No.0062/2023/ITP2)the Macao Polytechnic University(No.RP/FCA-03/2023)The synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction experiments were performed at SPring-8 with the approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute(Nos.2024A1506 and 2024A1695).
文摘Negative thermal expansion(NTE)is fascinating,as it involves a material’s volume contraction rather than expansion upon heating.Although NTE lattices typically have highly flexible frameworks,the magnitude of NTE is often very small,and they frequently exhibit a narrow temperature range for controllable NTEs.It remains a great challenge to achieve large NTE while maintaining a wide temperature operation range from the currently available materials.Herein,we present a novel PbTiO_(3)(PT)-based perovskite system,(1−x)PbTiO_(3)-xBiYbO_(3),synthesized via a distinctive highpressure and high-temperature technique.Compared with pristine PbTiO_(3)(c/a=1.064),the system exhibited unusual enhanced tetragonalities.Consequently,NTE over an extended temperatureαVαVαV range has been realized in 0.95PbTiO_(3)-0.05BiYbO_(3)(-av=−2.18×10^(−5)K^(−1),300-820 K)and 0.90PbTiO_(3)−0.10BiYbO_(3)(-av=−1.85×10^(−5)K^(−1),300-850 K)compared with that of pristine PbTiO_(3)(-av=−1.99×10^(−5)K^(−1),300-763 K).Our experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the improved tetragonality and expanded NTE temperature range result from larger ionic displacements and an enhanced asymmetric charge distribution,both of which are induced by BiYbO_(3) substitution.The present study presents a new example of an NTE across a broad temperature range,highlighting its potential as an effective thermal expansion compensator.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council.Elco E.Koks,Philip J.Ward,and Sadhana Nirandjan were funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe MIRACA project(Grant Agreement No.101093854)Horizon 2020 projects MYRIAD-EU(Grant Agreement No.101003276)CoCliCo(Grant Agreement No.101003598).
文摘Power grids play a critical role in modern society, serving as the lifeline of a well-functioning economy. This article presents a first large-scale study on the risk estimation of tropical cyclone(TC)-induced winds and coastal floods, which can widely impact power grids in Southeast and East Asia. Our comprehensive risk model incorporates detailed infrastructure data from OpenStreetMap(OSM) and government power grid maps, along with global hazard maps and vulnerability curves. The results reveal that the estimated expected annual damages from TCs and coastal floods to OSM-mapped assets account for approximately 0.07%(0.00–0.38%) and 0.02%(0.00–0.02%) of the total GDP of the study area, respectively. We analyzed the main sources of uncertainty in the risk model and emphasized the importance of understanding asset vulnerability.These results highlight the urgent need to strengthen power infrastructure to withstand the impacts of natural hazards, and the significance of reliable risk information for improving power grid design and planning. Focusing on developing more region-specific infrastructure data and vulnerability curves will improve the accuracy of risk estimation and provide valuable insights not only for the electricity sector but also for customers of other infrastructure systems that heavily rely on a stable supply of electricity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32070002 and 41876166)Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(Grant Nos.2022FY101100 and 2019FY100700)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721923)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2023QD187).
文摘In the classical microbial isolation technique,the isolation process inevitably destroys all microbial interactions and thus makes it difficult to culture the many microorganisms that rely on these interactions for survival.In this study,we designed a simple coculture technique named the“sandwich agar plate method,”which maintains microbial interactions throughout the isolation and pure culture processes.The total yield of uncultured species in sandwich agar plates based on eight helper strains was almost 10-fold that of the control group.Many uncultured species displayed commensal lifestyles.Further study found that heme was the growth-promoting factor of some marine commensal bacteria.Subsequent genomic analysis revealed that heme auxotrophies were common in various biotopes and prevalent in many uncultured microbial taxa.Moreover,our study supported that the survival strategies of heme auxotrophy in different habitats varied considerably.These findings highlight that cocultivation based on the“sandwich agar plate method”could be developed and used to isolate more uncultured bacteria.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program—Global Change and Mitigation Project: Global change risk of population and economic system: mechanism and assessment (2016YFA0602403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571492)
文摘The relationship between natural hazard-induced disasters and macroeconomic growth has been examined widely on global and national scales, but little research has been focused on the subnational level, especially in China.We examined the impacts of natural hazard-induced disasters on the regional growth in China based on subnational panel data for the period from 1990 to 2016. First, we used the number of people affected and the direct economic losses as the measures of the scale of disasters. Then, we used the direct damages of meteorological disasters and earthquakes as disaster measures separately to examine the impacts of different disaster types. Finally, we performed intraregional effects regressions to observe the spatial heterogeneity within the regions. The results show that the adverse short-term effects of disasters is most pronounced in the central region, while the direct damage of disasters is a positive stimulus of growth in the whole of China.However, this stimulus is observed in a lagged way and is reflected differently—meteorological disasters in central and eastern China and earthquakes in western China are related to regional growth. The results demonstrate that the short-term macroeconomic impacts of these disasters in the three geographical regions of China largely depend on regional economic development levels and the disaster types.
