Objective: Although the prognostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) has been evaluated in many studies, the results remain controversial. To investigate the progno...Objective: Although the prognostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) has been evaluated in many studies, the results remain controversial. To investigate the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression and the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features of NHL, we performed a meta-analysis.Methods: The Pub Med, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to November 30, 2017. The hazard ratio(HR), 95% confidence interval(CI), and odds ratios(OR) with 95% CIs were combined to evaluate the association of PD-L1 expression with overall survival(OS) and clinicopathological features. Review manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0 were used in this meta-analysis.Results: A total of 2,005 patients across nine studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis, and the pooled results showed that high PD-L1 expression was associated with a poor prognosis(HR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.18–3.54, P=0.01). In the subgroup analysis according to histology types, pooled results demonstrated that an increased PD-L1 expression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(HR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.06–3.48, P=0.03) but not for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(HR=2.41, 95%CI: 0.47–12.22, P=0.29). Pooled ORs indicated that PD-L1 expression was higher in NHL with international prognostic indices of≥3. However, PD-L1 expression had no correlation with gender, age, disease stage, lactate dehydrogenase level, B symptoms, and germinal center B-cell-like lymphoma.Conclusions: High PD-L1 expression was a poor prognostic biomarker in patients with NHL. Because of our limited sample size,high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our results.展开更多
Perforated structures are widely employed in MEMS devices for dissipation control,energy absorption,and performance optimization.Among these,the damping weakening effect is particularly intriguing,attracting considera...Perforated structures are widely employed in MEMS devices for dissipation control,energy absorption,and performance optimization.Among these,the damping weakening effect is particularly intriguing,attracting considerable attention and widespread application.Evaluating the impact of perforations on damping is crucial for enhancing the performance of MEMS devices.This paper investigates the damping tuning mechanisms of perforations and presents two theoretical models for accurately predicting viscous damping.The two models exhibit unique advantages under high and low perforation ratios,respectively.Both models account for complex boundary conditions and various hole geometries,including cylindrical,conical,prismatic,and trapezoidal holes.Modeling and simulations demonstrate the complementarity of the two models,enabling accurate viscous damping predictions across nearly all perforation ratios.Subsequently,the theoretical models are validated through a series of vibration tests on perforated oscillators,with errors consistently controlled within 10%.Experimental results demonstrate that perforations can easily achieve a damping reduction of more than one order of magnitude.Moreover,compared to normal cylindrical holes,trapezoidal holes are found to achieve superior damping reduction with a smaller sacrifice in surface area,which holds great potential for capacitive,acoustic,and optical MEMS devices.This work lays the foundation for viscous damping design and optimization of MEMS device dynamics,creating new applications.展开更多
Facing the challenge of expensive photoresist and complex process flow for the fabrication of submicron structures based on laser interference lithography,we propose a low-cost fabrication method for submicron periodi...Facing the challenge of expensive photoresist and complex process flow for the fabrication of submicron structures based on laser interference lithography,we propose a low-cost fabrication method for submicron periodic structures with isooctyl acrylate by laser interference photocuring,which simplifies more processes and reduces costs.Results showed that the period of the grating structures is approximately 0.97±0.01μm,and the minimum feature size can reach 0.24±0.02μm.The period of the dot array is approximately 0.98±0.01μm for dx and 1.97±0.01μm for dy,and the minimum feature size is 0.64±0.01μm.In addition,we demonstrate the diffraction properties of the grating structures.In conclusion,we propose a new method for fabricating submicron grating structures with high efficiency and low cost.展开更多
Analysis of urban spatial structures is an effective way to explain and solve increasingly serious urban problems.However,many of the existing methods are limited because of data quality and availability,and usually y...Analysis of urban spatial structures is an effective way to explain and solve increasingly serious urban problems.However,many of the existing methods are limited because of data quality and availability,and usually yield inaccurate results due to the unclear description of urban social functions.In this paper,we present an investigation on urban social function based spatial structure analysis using building footprint data.An improved turning function(TF)algorithm and a selforganizing clustering method are presented to generate the variable area units(VAUs)of high-homogeneity from building footprints as the basic research units.Based on the generated VAUs,five spatial metrics are then developed for measuring the morphological characteristics and the spatial distribution patterns of buildings in an urban block.Within these spatial metrics,three models are formulated for calculating the social function likelihoods of each urban block to describe mixed social functions in an urban block,quantitatively.Consequently,the urban structures can be clearly observed by an analysis of the spatial distribution patterns,the development trends,and the hierarchy of different social functions.The results of a case study conducted for Munich validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
An algorithm based on mixed signals is proposed,to solve the issues of low accuracy of identification algorithm,immeasurable intermediate variables of fractional order Hammerstein model,and how to determine the magnit...An algorithm based on mixed signals is proposed,to solve the issues of low accuracy of identification algorithm,immeasurable intermediate variables of fractional order Hammerstein model,and how to determine the magnitude of fractional order.In this paper,a special mixed input signal is designed to separate the nonlinear and linear parts of the fractional order Hammerstein model so that each part can be identified independently.The nonlinear part is fitted by the neural fuzzy network model,which avoids the limitation of polynomial fitting and broadens the application range of nonlinear models.In addition,the multi-innovation Levenberg-Marquardt(MILM)algorithm and auxiliary recursive least square algorithm are innovatively integrated into the parameter identification algorithm of the fractional order Hammerstein model to obtain more accurate identification results.A simulation example is given to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.JJ2018ZR167)Health and Family Planning Commission of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.2016-097&2016-102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities(Grant No.2017LCZX95)
文摘Objective: Although the prognostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) has been evaluated in many studies, the results remain controversial. To investigate the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression and the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features of NHL, we performed a meta-analysis.Methods: The Pub Med, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to November 30, 2017. The hazard ratio(HR), 95% confidence interval(CI), and odds ratios(OR) with 95% CIs were combined to evaluate the association of PD-L1 expression with overall survival(OS) and clinicopathological features. Review manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0 were used in this meta-analysis.Results: A total of 2,005 patients across nine studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis, and the pooled results showed that high PD-L1 expression was associated with a poor prognosis(HR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.18–3.54, P=0.01). In the subgroup analysis according to histology types, pooled results demonstrated that an increased PD-L1 expression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(HR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.06–3.48, P=0.03) but not for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(HR=2.41, 95%CI: 0.47–12.22, P=0.29). Pooled ORs indicated that PD-L1 expression was higher in NHL with international prognostic indices of≥3. However, PD-L1 expression had no correlation with gender, age, disease stage, lactate dehydrogenase level, B symptoms, and germinal center B-cell-like lymphoma.Conclusions: High PD-L1 expression was a poor prognostic biomarker in patients with NHL. Because of our limited sample size,high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our results.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62004166)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(202003N4062)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY23F040002)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20230008053003).
文摘Perforated structures are widely employed in MEMS devices for dissipation control,energy absorption,and performance optimization.Among these,the damping weakening effect is particularly intriguing,attracting considerable attention and widespread application.Evaluating the impact of perforations on damping is crucial for enhancing the performance of MEMS devices.This paper investigates the damping tuning mechanisms of perforations and presents two theoretical models for accurately predicting viscous damping.The two models exhibit unique advantages under high and low perforation ratios,respectively.Both models account for complex boundary conditions and various hole geometries,including cylindrical,conical,prismatic,and trapezoidal holes.Modeling and simulations demonstrate the complementarity of the two models,enabling accurate viscous damping predictions across nearly all perforation ratios.Subsequently,the theoretical models are validated through a series of vibration tests on perforated oscillators,with errors consistently controlled within 10%.Experimental results demonstrate that perforations can easily achieve a damping reduction of more than one order of magnitude.Moreover,compared to normal cylindrical holes,trapezoidal holes are found to achieve superior damping reduction with a smaller sacrifice in surface area,which holds great potential for capacitive,acoustic,and optical MEMS devices.This work lays the foundation for viscous damping design and optimization of MEMS device dynamics,creating new applications.
基金National Science Foundation of China(No.62175019)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515140053)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Guangdong Province(No.2022KCXTD029)Project of Jihua Laboratory(No.X220961UZ230)to provide financial support to this research.
文摘Facing the challenge of expensive photoresist and complex process flow for the fabrication of submicron structures based on laser interference lithography,we propose a low-cost fabrication method for submicron periodic structures with isooctyl acrylate by laser interference photocuring,which simplifies more processes and reduces costs.Results showed that the period of the grating structures is approximately 0.97±0.01μm,and the minimum feature size can reach 0.24±0.02μm.The period of the dot array is approximately 0.98±0.01μm for dx and 1.97±0.01μm for dy,and the minimum feature size is 0.64±0.01μm.In addition,we demonstrate the diffraction properties of the grating structures.In conclusion,we propose a new method for fabricating submicron grating structures with high efficiency and low cost.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0505400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(Grant Nos.42071370,41771484).
文摘Analysis of urban spatial structures is an effective way to explain and solve increasingly serious urban problems.However,many of the existing methods are limited because of data quality and availability,and usually yield inaccurate results due to the unclear description of urban social functions.In this paper,we present an investigation on urban social function based spatial structure analysis using building footprint data.An improved turning function(TF)algorithm and a selforganizing clustering method are presented to generate the variable area units(VAUs)of high-homogeneity from building footprints as the basic research units.Based on the generated VAUs,five spatial metrics are then developed for measuring the morphological characteristics and the spatial distribution patterns of buildings in an urban block.Within these spatial metrics,three models are formulated for calculating the social function likelihoods of each urban block to describe mixed social functions in an urban block,quantitatively.Consequently,the urban structures can be clearly observed by an analysis of the spatial distribution patterns,the development trends,and the hierarchy of different social functions.The results of a case study conducted for Munich validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 61863034].
文摘An algorithm based on mixed signals is proposed,to solve the issues of low accuracy of identification algorithm,immeasurable intermediate variables of fractional order Hammerstein model,and how to determine the magnitude of fractional order.In this paper,a special mixed input signal is designed to separate the nonlinear and linear parts of the fractional order Hammerstein model so that each part can be identified independently.The nonlinear part is fitted by the neural fuzzy network model,which avoids the limitation of polynomial fitting and broadens the application range of nonlinear models.In addition,the multi-innovation Levenberg-Marquardt(MILM)algorithm and auxiliary recursive least square algorithm are innovatively integrated into the parameter identification algorithm of the fractional order Hammerstein model to obtain more accurate identification results.A simulation example is given to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
