Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is one of the primary causes of diarrhea in piglets,creating substantial economic losses in the swine farming industry worldwide.This study aimed to investigate the imp...Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is one of the primary causes of diarrhea in piglets,creating substantial economic losses in the swine farming industry worldwide.This study aimed to investigate the impacts of zinc caproate(ZnCA,C_(12)H_(22)O_(4)Zn)on the intestinal health,growth performance,inflammatory status,and Zn homeostasis of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88.In total,48 weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,7.78±0.19 kg,28 d)were selected for a 21-d experiment.Each experimental treatment consisted of 6 replicate pens with 2 piglets each.The treatment conditions were as follows:i)a basal diet(CON),ii)a basal diet+ETEC K88(NC),iii)a basal diet+2,500 mg/kg of Zn(provided as zinc oxide,ZnO)+ETEC K88(PC),and iv)a basal diet+1,600 mg/kg of Zn(provided as ZnCA)+ETEC K88(ZnCA).Results The addition of 1,600 mg/kg ZnCA to the diet of post-weaning piglets effectively enhanced growth performance and nutrient digestibility and reduced the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory reactions caused by ETEC K88 infection.These therapeutic effects were comparable to those of pharmacological doses of ZnO.In terms of improving intestinal health and Zn homeostasis in post-weaning piglets challenged with ETEC K88,the effectiveness of 1,600 mg/kg ZnCA surpassed that of pharmacological doses of ZnO.Conclusions Overall,under the experimental conditions of this study,ZnCA exhibited the potential to reduce the pharmacological dosage of ZnO while improving intestinal health and Zn homeostasis in weaned piglets.展开更多
Micro-expressions,fleeting involuntary facial cues lasting under half a second,reveal genuine emotions and are valuable in clinical diagnosis and psychotherapy.Real-time recognition on resource-constrained embedded de...Micro-expressions,fleeting involuntary facial cues lasting under half a second,reveal genuine emotions and are valuable in clinical diagnosis and psychotherapy.Real-time recognition on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging,as current methods struggle to balance performance and efficiency.This study introduces a semi-lightweight multifunctional network that enhances real-time deployment and accuracy.Unlike prior simplistic feature fusion techniques,our novel multi-feature fusion strategy leverages temporal,spatial,and differential features to better capture dynamic changes.Enhanced by Residual Network(ResNet)architecture with channel and spatial attention mechanisms,the model improves feature representation while maintaining a lightweight design.Evaluations on SMIC,CASME II,SAMM,and their composite dataset show superior performance in Unweighted F1 Score(UF1)and Unweighted Average Recall(UAR),alongside faster detection speeds compared to existing algorithms.展开更多
Miniaturized erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers attracted great interests in recent decades due to their high gain-efficiency and function-scalability in the telecom C-band.In this work,an erbium-doped thin film lithiu...Miniaturized erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers attracted great interests in recent decades due to their high gain-efficiency and function-scalability in the telecom C-band.In this work,an erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate waveguide amplifier achieving>10 dB off-chip(fiber-to-fiber)net gain and>20 mW fiber-output amplified power is demonstrated,thanks to the low-propagation-loss waveguides and robust waveguide edge-couplers prepared by the photolithography assisted chemomechanical etching technique.Systematic investigation on the fabricated waveguide amplifiers reveals remarkable optical gain around the peak wavelength of 1532 nm as well as the low fiber-coupling loss of-1.2 dB/facet.A fiber Bragg-grating based waveguide laser is further demonstrated using the fabricated waveguide amplifier as the external gain chip,which generates>2 mW off-chip power continuous-wave lasing around the gain peak at 1532 nm.The unambiguous demonstration of fiber-to-fiber net gain of the erbium-doped thinfilm lithium niobate(TFLN)waveguide amplifier as well as its external gain chip application will benefit diverse fields demanding scalable gain elements with highspeed tunability.展开更多
Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial proce...Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli.Once the brain switches its functional states,microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions,including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris.The crosstalk of microglia between neurons,neural stem cells,endothelial cells,oligodendrocytes,and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning,neurogenesis,vascularization,myelination,and blood-brain barrier permeability.In this review,we highlight the neuron-derived“find-me,”“eat-me,”and“don't eat-me”molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development.This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease,thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.展开更多
Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid ele...Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries with lithium anode is restricted by the side reactions at lithium/electrolytes interfaces and the growth of lithium dendrite caused by nonuniform lithium deposition.Herein,a homogeneous LiF-Li_(3)N composite protective layer is in situ formed via a manipulated reaction of pentafluorobenzamide with Li metal.The LiF-Li_(3)N layer with both high interfacial energy and interfacial adhesion energy can synergistically suppress side reactions and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite,achieving uniform deposition of lithium.The critical current densities of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl are increased to 3.25 and 1.25 mA cm^(-2)with Li@LiF-Li_(3)N layer,which are almost triple and twice as those of Li-symmetric cells in the absence of protection layer,respectively.Moreover,the Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li10GeP2S12/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell can stably cycle for 9000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under 0.1 mA h cm^(-2),and Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell achieves stable Li plating/stripping for 8000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under10 m A h cm^(-2).The improved dynamic stability of lithium plating/stripping in Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)or Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interfaces is proved by three-electrode cells.As a result,LiCoO_(2)/electrolytes/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N batteries with Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl exhibit remarkable cycling stability of 500 cycles with capacity retentions of 93.5%and 89.2%at 1 C,respectively.展开更多
The tensile properties of 2297-T87 Al–Li alloy thick plates at different thickness position and in different direction were analyzed via tensile testing,optical microscopy(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron...The tensile properties of 2297-T87 Al–Li alloy thick plates at different thickness position and in different direction were analyzed via tensile testing,optical microscopy(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)of the alloy decreased firstly and then increased from the 1/8T position to the 1/2T position,whereas elongation to failure(Ef)decreased gradually such that its value along the rolling direction(RD)was higher than those along the transverse direction(TD)at the same thickness position.From the 1/8T position to the 3/8T position of the alloy,the UTS and YS along the TD were higher than those along the RD.At the 1/2T position of the alloy,the UTS,YS,and Ef along the RD were the highest,whereas those along the normal direction(ND)were the lowest.Microstructural observations further revealed that the anisotropy of tensile properties was related to grain morphology,crystal texture,second-phase particles,and Li atom segregation.展开更多
The adsorption properties of the Pb(Ⅱ)-Cd(Ⅱ) double-imprinted electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofibers(Pd/Cd-DIECCNs) prepared by electropspinning and imprinting process for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from ...The adsorption properties of the Pb(Ⅱ)-Cd(Ⅱ) double-imprinted electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofibers(Pd/Cd-DIECCNs) prepared by electropspinning and imprinting process for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the minimum fiber average diameter was obtained 110 nm. Then the adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of different adsorption parameters, such as pH, the ratio between Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)in the mixed solutions, contact time, the Pd/Cd-DIECCNs dose and temperature in a batch system. The Extended Langmuir model was applied to describe the equilibrium data of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ). The maximum adsorption capacities of the Pd/Cd-DIECCNs arrived at 567 mg/g for Pb(Ⅱ) and 341 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ), respectively.展开更多
Pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) exhibits several applications in different fields;however,the interaction of its components with substances remains a key issue.In this study,we employed experimental and nume...Pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) exhibits several applications in different fields;however,the interaction of its components with substances remains a key issue.In this study,we employed experimental and numerical modeling to investigate the interactions between different PDBD components and substances in pure helium and a helium-oxygen mixture.A membrane comprising a Staphylococcus aureus strain was utilized as the treatment object to demonstrate the trace actions of the evolutions and distributions of certain components on the surface of the substance.The results revealed that the shapes and sizes of the discharging area and inhibition zone differed between groups.Under a pure helium condition,a discharge layer existed along the membrane surface,lying beside the main discharging channel within the electrode area.Further,an annulus inhibition zone was formed at the outer edge of the electrode in the pure helium group at 30 s and 1 min,and this zone extended to a solid circle at 2 min with a radius that was~50% larger than that of the electrode radius.Nevertheless,the discharging channel and inhibition zone in the helium-oxygen mixture were constrained inside the electrode area without forming any annulus.A 2D symmetrical model was developed with COMSOL to simulate the spatiotemporal distributions of different particles over the membrane surface,and the result demonstrated that the main components,which formed the annulus inhibition zone under the pure helium condition,contributed to the high concentration of the He^(+)annulus that was formed at the outer edge of the electrode.Moreover,O^(+)and O_(2)^(+)were the main components that killed the bacteria under the helium-oxygen mixture conditions.These results reveal that the homogenization treatment on a material surface via PDBD is closely related to the treatment time and working gas.展开更多
Tetraphenylethene(TPE),a star building block with promising aggregationinduced emission,has received much interest.Given that its intramolecular Woodward-Hoffmann cyclic intermediate instantaneously converts back to t...Tetraphenylethene(TPE),a star building block with promising aggregationinduced emission,has received much interest.Given that its intramolecular Woodward-Hoffmann cyclic intermediate instantaneously converts back to the original state within several picoseconds,the essentially photochromic characteristic of TPE is little investigated.Achieving a visible photocyclization of TPE is still an unsolved issue and considered as the bottleneck in the further advancement of applications.We report a strategy of attaching carbonate ester onto the TPE skeleton(TPE-4C)to enhance TPE photocyclization stability.As demonstrated,the incorporated cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy substituents in TPE-4C can increase the energy barrier for cycloreversion,thereby exhibiting extremely thermal stability of photocyclic intermediate upon UV irradiation,prolonging its lifetime from 63 picoseconds to 46 s by 7.2×10^(11)-fold.The photoinduced cyclization of TPE-4C could be monitored with naked eyes,and the photocyclization/cycloreversion is achieved by turning on/off UV light along with a relative fatigue resistance.Encapsulation of TPE-4C into the liquid crystal can induce a striking phase transformation(achiral↔chiral),which can be applicable to encode optical information.Employing carbonate ester into the TPE unit plays a vital role in enhancing the unprecedented TPE photocyclization stability,providing a toolbox to allow TPE-based photocyclization to be visually monitored.展开更多
Innovating distillation technology to improve the efficiency of distillation equipment,reduce energy consumption,and increase product purity is an important challenge for the rapid development of the distillation indu...Innovating distillation technology to improve the efficiency of distillation equipment,reduce energy consumption,and increase product purity is an important challenge for the rapid development of the distillation industry.In this paper,steady-state simulations are developed for the separated isopropanol and water systems,and the sensitive temperature stage locations are determined using sensitivity and singular value decomposition(SVD).An open-loop steady-state gain analysis of the isopropanol/water system was performed,and a series of dynamic control schemes were designed and optimized to resist±10% feed flow disturbances and ±5% feed composition disturbances,comparing the performance of the control schemes one by one through IAE error analysis.The results show that the side-stream extractive distillation separation of isopropanol and water system using a single temperature fixed reflux ratio control loop suffers from a large product shift problem.One of the key control loops is to control the isopropanol purity by controlling the bottom of the column flow rate,and the scheme performs well under both single-temperature control and dual-temperature control,effectively resisting ±10% feed flow disturbances and ±5% feed composition disturbances.The improvement of product purity can be seen from the compone nt controllers play an important role,while the feed-fo rward effect under certain conditions can also enable the system to quickly restore stability and improve the system response speed.展开更多
To explore the characteristics of plant calcium(Ca) fraction, we analyzed 91 plant species in the Ningxia Habahu National Nature Reserve in Yanchi County of Ningxia and 84 plant species in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mon...To explore the characteristics of plant calcium(Ca) fraction, we analyzed 91 plant species in the Ningxia Habahu National Nature Reserve in Yanchi County of Ningxia and 84 plant species in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia. Results show that, for the two regions, there is no significant difference between Ca fraction for the same growth type, and between water soluble Ca content or between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for plants of the same ecosystem and between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for plants of the same family. In similar vegetation zones, there is a significant difference among hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for different growth types in Yanchi County and Zhenglan Banner,which was the highest for annual herbs and the lowest for perennial herbs. There is a significant difference between acetic acid soluble Ca content and between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for sandy land and grassland ecosystems in Yanchi County. There is a significant difference among the same Ca fraction of different families in the same region. Thus, the characteristics of plant Ca fraction are results of long-term adaptation to the environment.展开更多
Cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)driven by pulsed high-voltage power has specific advantages in various fields,such as the growth promotion of edible fungi in plasma agriculture.Compared with other strains,Ganoderma lucidu...Cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)driven by pulsed high-voltage power has specific advantages in various fields,such as the growth promotion of edible fungi in plasma agriculture.Compared with other strains,Ganoderma lucidum has the significant advantage of high medicinal value,but the shortcomings of low yield,long growth cycle,and an uneven market quality.In this study,Ganoderma lucidum was treated with a CAP powered by a homemade pulsed highvoltage power supply.Three groups of Ganoderma lucidum were treated under different conditions.The stalk lengths and pileus areas of Ganoderma lucidum were recorded to evaluate growth status.Results showed that treatment frequency affected growth status considerably.Ganoderma lucidum was treated with 40 s plasma once a week and showed an improved growth status with a 33.63%increase in average stalk length and a 28%increase in the number of individuals whose pileus areas was greater than the average.Meanwhile,the growth speed was accelerated.However,treatment at an excessive frequency would damage and slow down the growth of Ganoderma lucidum.展开更多
The development of solid-state smart materials, in particular those showing photoresponsive luminescence, is highly desirable for their cutting edge applications in displays, sensors, data-storage, and anticounterfeit...The development of solid-state smart materials, in particular those showing photoresponsive luminescence, is highly desirable for their cutting edge applications in displays, sensors, data-storage, and anticounterfeiting. However, to achieve both excellent photoresponsive performance and bright luminescence in solid state remains challenge. Herein, we integrate a novel photochromic fluorophore YL into flexible polymer chains, thereby enabling the resultant polymer PYL with reversible photoisomerization upon aggregation. Remarkably, the polymer PYL possesses excellent photochromic properties and aggregationinduced emission(AIE) activity, which can be attributed to the photoactive YL moiety. Upon light exposure, its film exhibits reversibly off-to-on fluorescent modulation with quick response, high emission efficiency and signal contrast, sharply different from the weak emission in solution. The novel photoresponsive AIE polymer with invisible/visible color and fluorescence transformation allows for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications. This work provides an efficient platform for constructing solid-state photocontrollable luminescent materials.展开更多
In this study, a lab-scale biological anaerobic/anaerobic/anoxic/membrane bioreactor （A3-MBR） was designed to treat wastewater from the ethanol fermentation of food waste, a promising way for the disposal of food wa...In this study, a lab-scale biological anaerobic/anaerobic/anoxic/membrane bioreactor （A3-MBR） was designed to treat wastewater from the ethanol fermentation of food waste, a promising way for the disposal of food waste and reclamation of resources. The 454 pyrosequencing technique was used to investigate the composition of the microbial community in the treatment system. The system yielded a stable effluent concentration of chemical oxygen demand （202 ± 23 mg/L）, total nitrogen （62.1 ± 7.1 mg/L）, ammonia （0.3 ±0.13 mg/L） and total phosphorus （8.3 ± 0.9 rag/L）, and the reactors played different roles in specific pollutant removal. The exploration of the microbial community in the system revealed that： （1） the microbial diversity of anaerobic reactors A1 and A2, in which organic pollutants were massively degraded, was much higher than that in anoxic A3 and aerobic MBR; （2） although the community composition in each reactor was quite different, bacteria assigned to the classes Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Synergistia were important and common microorganisms for organic pollutant degradation in the anaerobic units, and bacteria from Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were the dominant microbial population in A3 and MBR; （3） the taxon identification indicated that Arcobacter in the anaerobic reactors and Thauera in the anoxic reactor were two representative genera in the biological process. Our results proved that the biological A3-MBR process is an alternative technique for treating wastewater from food waste.展开更多
The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude,discharge gap, and O_(2)conten...The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude,discharge gap, and O_(2)content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the U-shaped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique U-shaped region appears in the middle edge region when the gap is larger than 2 mm, while the entire discharge region remains columnar under a 2 mm gap in He PDBD. The width of the discharge and the U-shaped region increase with the increase in voltage, and decrease with the increase of the gap and O_(2)content. To explain this phenomenon,a two-dimensional symmetric model was developed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of different species and calculate the electric thrust. The discharge morphology evolution directly corresponds to the excited-state atomic reduction process. The electric thrust on the charged particles mainly determines the reaction region and strongly influences the U-shaped formation.When the gap is less than 2 mm, the electric thrust is homogeneous throughout the entire region,resulting in a columnar shape. However, when the gap is larger than 2 mm or O_(2)is added, the electric thrust in the edge region becomes greater than that in the middle, leading to the U-shaped formation. Furthermore, in He PDBD, the charged particles generating electric thrust are mainly electrons and helium ions, while in He/O_(2)PDBD those that generate electric thrust at the outer edge of the electrode surface are mainly various oxygen-containing ions.展开更多
The differences in nitrogen/phosphorus(N/P)ratios of different functional groups in ecology are more helpful in explaining species competition and community dynamics.Based on the functional groups of plant growth type...The differences in nitrogen/phosphorus(N/P)ratios of different functional groups in ecology are more helpful in explaining species competition and community dynamics.Based on the functional groups of plant growth type,carbon metabolism pathway,root type and phylogenetic type,we analyzed characteristics of leaf N/P ratios of 77 species in Sanggendalai(typical grassland zone)of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia,China and 91 species in the Habahu National Nature Reserve(desertified grassland zone)in Yanchi County of Ningxia,China.The results show that the N/P ratio(16.91)of C3 plants in the desertified steppe was significantly larger than that(12.72)in the typical steppe,but there was no significant difference between the N/P ratios of C4 plants in the two zones.There was no significant difference in N/P ratios between C3 plants and C4 plants in the same zone.Similarly,the N/P ratio(16.60)of dicotyledons in desertified steppe were significantly higher than that(12.98)in typical steppe,while differences in N/P ratios between monocotyledonous plants of the two zones was not significant,and there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in the same zone.The N/P ratio had significant difference between gramineous and non-gramineous plants in the typical steppe but not in the desertified steppe,but there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios among different root types of perennial herbaceous plants in the same type of steppe or between two types of steppe.Thus,different features on the N/P ratios of C3 plants and dicotyledonous plants between typical steppe and desertified steppe may lead to different growth status of plants,and the N/P ratio stoichiometric of the same plant functional group may be a foundation of the changes of a plant community.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1300300)the Innovation Fund of Henan University of Technology(2020ZKCJ25)the Cultivation Programme for Young Backbone Teachers in Henan University of Technology(21421204).
文摘Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is one of the primary causes of diarrhea in piglets,creating substantial economic losses in the swine farming industry worldwide.This study aimed to investigate the impacts of zinc caproate(ZnCA,C_(12)H_(22)O_(4)Zn)on the intestinal health,growth performance,inflammatory status,and Zn homeostasis of weaned piglets challenged with ETEC K88.In total,48 weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,7.78±0.19 kg,28 d)were selected for a 21-d experiment.Each experimental treatment consisted of 6 replicate pens with 2 piglets each.The treatment conditions were as follows:i)a basal diet(CON),ii)a basal diet+ETEC K88(NC),iii)a basal diet+2,500 mg/kg of Zn(provided as zinc oxide,ZnO)+ETEC K88(PC),and iv)a basal diet+1,600 mg/kg of Zn(provided as ZnCA)+ETEC K88(ZnCA).Results The addition of 1,600 mg/kg ZnCA to the diet of post-weaning piglets effectively enhanced growth performance and nutrient digestibility and reduced the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory reactions caused by ETEC K88 infection.These therapeutic effects were comparable to those of pharmacological doses of ZnO.In terms of improving intestinal health and Zn homeostasis in post-weaning piglets challenged with ETEC K88,the effectiveness of 1,600 mg/kg ZnCA surpassed that of pharmacological doses of ZnO.Conclusions Overall,under the experimental conditions of this study,ZnCA exhibited the potential to reduce the pharmacological dosage of ZnO while improving intestinal health and Zn homeostasis in weaned piglets.
文摘Micro-expressions,fleeting involuntary facial cues lasting under half a second,reveal genuine emotions and are valuable in clinical diagnosis and psychotherapy.Real-time recognition on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging,as current methods struggle to balance performance and efficiency.This study introduces a semi-lightweight multifunctional network that enhances real-time deployment and accuracy.Unlike prior simplistic feature fusion techniques,our novel multi-feature fusion strategy leverages temporal,spatial,and differential features to better capture dynamic changes.Enhanced by Residual Network(ResNet)architecture with channel and spatial attention mechanisms,the model improves feature representation while maintaining a lightweight design.Evaluations on SMIC,CASME II,SAMM,and their composite dataset show superior performance in Unweighted F1 Score(UF1)and Unweighted Average Recall(UAR),alongside faster detection speeds compared to existing algorithms.
基金financial supports from National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1205100,2022YFA1404600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12192251,12334014,12474325,12134001,12304418,12474378,12274133,12174107,12174113,12274130)+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301403)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics&Advanced Instrument,Ministry of Education,East China Normal University(No.2023nmc005).
文摘Miniaturized erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers attracted great interests in recent decades due to their high gain-efficiency and function-scalability in the telecom C-band.In this work,an erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate waveguide amplifier achieving>10 dB off-chip(fiber-to-fiber)net gain and>20 mW fiber-output amplified power is demonstrated,thanks to the low-propagation-loss waveguides and robust waveguide edge-couplers prepared by the photolithography assisted chemomechanical etching technique.Systematic investigation on the fabricated waveguide amplifiers reveals remarkable optical gain around the peak wavelength of 1532 nm as well as the low fiber-coupling loss of-1.2 dB/facet.A fiber Bragg-grating based waveguide laser is further demonstrated using the fabricated waveguide amplifier as the external gain chip,which generates>2 mW off-chip power continuous-wave lasing around the gain peak at 1532 nm.The unambiguous demonstration of fiber-to-fiber net gain of the erbium-doped thinfilm lithium niobate(TFLN)waveguide amplifier as well as its external gain chip application will benefit diverse fields demanding scalable gain elements with highspeed tunability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.32200778(to QC)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceNo.BK20220494(to QC)Suzhou Medical and Health Technology Innovation ProjectNo.SKY2022107(to QC)a grant from the Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityNos.ND2022A04(to QC)and ND2023B06(to JS)。
文摘Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits.In brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli.Once the brain switches its functional states,microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions,including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris.The crosstalk of microglia between neurons,neural stem cells,endothelial cells,oligodendrocytes,and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning,neurogenesis,vascularization,myelination,and blood-brain barrier permeability.In this review,we highlight the neuron-derived“find-me,”“eat-me,”and“don't eat-me”molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development.This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease,thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1964205,51872303,52172253)+3 种基金the Ningbo S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Programme(2019B10044,2021Z122)the Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China(2022C01072)the Jiangsu Provincial S&T Innovation Special Programme for carbon peak and carbon neutrality(BE2022007)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y2021080)。
文摘Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries with lithium anode is restricted by the side reactions at lithium/electrolytes interfaces and the growth of lithium dendrite caused by nonuniform lithium deposition.Herein,a homogeneous LiF-Li_(3)N composite protective layer is in situ formed via a manipulated reaction of pentafluorobenzamide with Li metal.The LiF-Li_(3)N layer with both high interfacial energy and interfacial adhesion energy can synergistically suppress side reactions and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite,achieving uniform deposition of lithium.The critical current densities of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl are increased to 3.25 and 1.25 mA cm^(-2)with Li@LiF-Li_(3)N layer,which are almost triple and twice as those of Li-symmetric cells in the absence of protection layer,respectively.Moreover,the Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li10GeP2S12/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell can stably cycle for 9000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under 0.1 mA h cm^(-2),and Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell achieves stable Li plating/stripping for 8000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under10 m A h cm^(-2).The improved dynamic stability of lithium plating/stripping in Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)or Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interfaces is proved by three-electrode cells.As a result,LiCoO_(2)/electrolytes/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N batteries with Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl exhibit remarkable cycling stability of 500 cycles with capacity retentions of 93.5%and 89.2%at 1 C,respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171029,51671038)the Major Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(No.18KJA430002)。
文摘The tensile properties of 2297-T87 Al–Li alloy thick plates at different thickness position and in different direction were analyzed via tensile testing,optical microscopy(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)of the alloy decreased firstly and then increased from the 1/8T position to the 1/2T position,whereas elongation to failure(Ef)decreased gradually such that its value along the rolling direction(RD)was higher than those along the transverse direction(TD)at the same thickness position.From the 1/8T position to the 3/8T position of the alloy,the UTS and YS along the TD were higher than those along the RD.At the 1/2T position of the alloy,the UTS,YS,and Ef along the RD were the highest,whereas those along the normal direction(ND)were the lowest.Microstructural observations further revealed that the anisotropy of tensile properties was related to grain morphology,crystal texture,second-phase particles,and Li atom segregation.
基金supported by open project of Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules(No. K2017-8)
文摘The adsorption properties of the Pb(Ⅱ)-Cd(Ⅱ) double-imprinted electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofibers(Pd/Cd-DIECCNs) prepared by electropspinning and imprinting process for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the minimum fiber average diameter was obtained 110 nm. Then the adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of different adsorption parameters, such as pH, the ratio between Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)in the mixed solutions, contact time, the Pd/Cd-DIECCNs dose and temperature in a batch system. The Extended Langmuir model was applied to describe the equilibrium data of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ). The maximum adsorption capacities of the Pd/Cd-DIECCNs arrived at 567 mg/g for Pb(Ⅱ) and 341 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ), respectively.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51907076)the Interdisciplinary Fund of the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center(No.WHMFC202101)
文摘Pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) exhibits several applications in different fields;however,the interaction of its components with substances remains a key issue.In this study,we employed experimental and numerical modeling to investigate the interactions between different PDBD components and substances in pure helium and a helium-oxygen mixture.A membrane comprising a Staphylococcus aureus strain was utilized as the treatment object to demonstrate the trace actions of the evolutions and distributions of certain components on the surface of the substance.The results revealed that the shapes and sizes of the discharging area and inhibition zone differed between groups.Under a pure helium condition,a discharge layer existed along the membrane surface,lying beside the main discharging channel within the electrode area.Further,an annulus inhibition zone was formed at the outer edge of the electrode in the pure helium group at 30 s and 1 min,and this zone extended to a solid circle at 2 min with a radius that was~50% larger than that of the electrode radius.Nevertheless,the discharging channel and inhibition zone in the helium-oxygen mixture were constrained inside the electrode area without forming any annulus.A 2D symmetrical model was developed with COMSOL to simulate the spatiotemporal distributions of different particles over the membrane surface,and the result demonstrated that the main components,which formed the annulus inhibition zone under the pure helium condition,contributed to the high concentration of the He^(+)annulus that was formed at the outer edge of the electrode.Moreover,O^(+)and O_(2)^(+)were the main components that killed the bacteria under the helium-oxygen mixture conditions.These results reveal that the homogenization treatment on a material surface via PDBD is closely related to the treatment time and working gas.
基金supported by NSFC/China(21788102,21636002,21622602,21875143,21908146,and 21908060)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX03)+3 种基金Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Scientific Committee of Shanghai(15XD1501400)Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B16017)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651417)Innovation Research Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20180507182229597).
文摘Tetraphenylethene(TPE),a star building block with promising aggregationinduced emission,has received much interest.Given that its intramolecular Woodward-Hoffmann cyclic intermediate instantaneously converts back to the original state within several picoseconds,the essentially photochromic characteristic of TPE is little investigated.Achieving a visible photocyclization of TPE is still an unsolved issue and considered as the bottleneck in the further advancement of applications.We report a strategy of attaching carbonate ester onto the TPE skeleton(TPE-4C)to enhance TPE photocyclization stability.As demonstrated,the incorporated cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy substituents in TPE-4C can increase the energy barrier for cycloreversion,thereby exhibiting extremely thermal stability of photocyclic intermediate upon UV irradiation,prolonging its lifetime from 63 picoseconds to 46 s by 7.2×10^(11)-fold.The photoinduced cyclization of TPE-4C could be monitored with naked eyes,and the photocyclization/cycloreversion is achieved by turning on/off UV light along with a relative fatigue resistance.Encapsulation of TPE-4C into the liquid crystal can induce a striking phase transformation(achiral↔chiral),which can be applicable to encode optical information.Employing carbonate ester into the TPE unit plays a vital role in enhancing the unprecedented TPE photocyclization stability,providing a toolbox to allow TPE-based photocyclization to be visually monitored.
基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province (Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project) (2021ZDSYS24)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing (Yantai) (AMGM2023A09)the Open Project Program of Fujian Universities Engineering Research Center of Reactive Distillation Technology (RDRC202204), Fuzhou University。
文摘Innovating distillation technology to improve the efficiency of distillation equipment,reduce energy consumption,and increase product purity is an important challenge for the rapid development of the distillation industry.In this paper,steady-state simulations are developed for the separated isopropanol and water systems,and the sensitive temperature stage locations are determined using sensitivity and singular value decomposition(SVD).An open-loop steady-state gain analysis of the isopropanol/water system was performed,and a series of dynamic control schemes were designed and optimized to resist±10% feed flow disturbances and ±5% feed composition disturbances,comparing the performance of the control schemes one by one through IAE error analysis.The results show that the side-stream extractive distillation separation of isopropanol and water system using a single temperature fixed reflux ratio control loop suffers from a large product shift problem.One of the key control loops is to control the isopropanol purity by controlling the bottom of the column flow rate,and the scheme performs well under both single-temperature control and dual-temperature control,effectively resisting ±10% feed flow disturbances and ±5% feed composition disturbances.The improvement of product purity can be seen from the compone nt controllers play an important role,while the feed-fo rward effect under certain conditions can also enable the system to quickly restore stability and improve the system response speed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500706)
文摘To explore the characteristics of plant calcium(Ca) fraction, we analyzed 91 plant species in the Ningxia Habahu National Nature Reserve in Yanchi County of Ningxia and 84 plant species in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia. Results show that, for the two regions, there is no significant difference between Ca fraction for the same growth type, and between water soluble Ca content or between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for plants of the same ecosystem and between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for plants of the same family. In similar vegetation zones, there is a significant difference among hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for different growth types in Yanchi County and Zhenglan Banner,which was the highest for annual herbs and the lowest for perennial herbs. There is a significant difference between acetic acid soluble Ca content and between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for sandy land and grassland ecosystems in Yanchi County. There is a significant difference among the same Ca fraction of different families in the same region. Thus, the characteristics of plant Ca fraction are results of long-term adaptation to the environment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52177145)the Independent Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2018KFYYXJJ071).
文摘Cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)driven by pulsed high-voltage power has specific advantages in various fields,such as the growth promotion of edible fungi in plasma agriculture.Compared with other strains,Ganoderma lucidum has the significant advantage of high medicinal value,but the shortcomings of low yield,long growth cycle,and an uneven market quality.In this study,Ganoderma lucidum was treated with a CAP powered by a homemade pulsed highvoltage power supply.Three groups of Ganoderma lucidum were treated under different conditions.The stalk lengths and pileus areas of Ganoderma lucidum were recorded to evaluate growth status.Results showed that treatment frequency affected growth status considerably.Ganoderma lucidum was treated with 40 s plasma once a week and showed an improved growth status with a 33.63%increase in average stalk length and a 28%increase in the number of individuals whose pileus areas was greater than the average.Meanwhile,the growth speed was accelerated.However,treatment at an excessive frequency would damage and slow down the growth of Ganoderma lucidum.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Science Center Program (No. 21788102)Creative Research Groups (No. 21421004)+4 种基金Key Project (No. 21636002)Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 20PJ1402900)National key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFA0200300)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2018SHZDZX03)Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No. B16017)。
文摘The development of solid-state smart materials, in particular those showing photoresponsive luminescence, is highly desirable for their cutting edge applications in displays, sensors, data-storage, and anticounterfeiting. However, to achieve both excellent photoresponsive performance and bright luminescence in solid state remains challenge. Herein, we integrate a novel photochromic fluorophore YL into flexible polymer chains, thereby enabling the resultant polymer PYL with reversible photoisomerization upon aggregation. Remarkably, the polymer PYL possesses excellent photochromic properties and aggregationinduced emission(AIE) activity, which can be attributed to the photoactive YL moiety. Upon light exposure, its film exhibits reversibly off-to-on fluorescent modulation with quick response, high emission efficiency and signal contrast, sharply different from the weak emission in solution. The novel photoresponsive AIE polymer with invisible/visible color and fluorescence transformation allows for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications. This work provides an efficient platform for constructing solid-state photocontrollable luminescent materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51308319)the International Cooperation Project(No.2013DFG92600)the Public Technology Applied Research Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2015C33034)
文摘In this study, a lab-scale biological anaerobic/anaerobic/anoxic/membrane bioreactor （A3-MBR） was designed to treat wastewater from the ethanol fermentation of food waste, a promising way for the disposal of food waste and reclamation of resources. The 454 pyrosequencing technique was used to investigate the composition of the microbial community in the treatment system. The system yielded a stable effluent concentration of chemical oxygen demand （202 ± 23 mg/L）, total nitrogen （62.1 ± 7.1 mg/L）, ammonia （0.3 ±0.13 mg/L） and total phosphorus （8.3 ± 0.9 rag/L）, and the reactors played different roles in specific pollutant removal. The exploration of the microbial community in the system revealed that： （1） the microbial diversity of anaerobic reactors A1 and A2, in which organic pollutants were massively degraded, was much higher than that in anoxic A3 and aerobic MBR; （2） although the community composition in each reactor was quite different, bacteria assigned to the classes Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Synergistia were important and common microorganisms for organic pollutant degradation in the anaerobic units, and bacteria from Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were the dominant microbial population in A3 and MBR; （3） the taxon identification indicated that Arcobacter in the anaerobic reactors and Thauera in the anoxic reactor were two representative genera in the biological process. Our results proved that the biological A3-MBR process is an alternative technique for treating wastewater from food waste.
基金financial support from the Interdisciplinary Fund of the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (No. WHMFC202101)。
文摘The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude,discharge gap, and O_(2)content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the U-shaped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique U-shaped region appears in the middle edge region when the gap is larger than 2 mm, while the entire discharge region remains columnar under a 2 mm gap in He PDBD. The width of the discharge and the U-shaped region increase with the increase in voltage, and decrease with the increase of the gap and O_(2)content. To explain this phenomenon,a two-dimensional symmetric model was developed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of different species and calculate the electric thrust. The discharge morphology evolution directly corresponds to the excited-state atomic reduction process. The electric thrust on the charged particles mainly determines the reaction region and strongly influences the U-shaped formation.When the gap is less than 2 mm, the electric thrust is homogeneous throughout the entire region,resulting in a columnar shape. However, when the gap is larger than 2 mm or O_(2)is added, the electric thrust in the edge region becomes greater than that in the middle, leading to the U-shaped formation. Furthermore, in He PDBD, the charged particles generating electric thrust are mainly electrons and helium ions, while in He/O_(2)PDBD those that generate electric thrust at the outer edge of the electrode surface are mainly various oxygen-containing ions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500706)
文摘The differences in nitrogen/phosphorus(N/P)ratios of different functional groups in ecology are more helpful in explaining species competition and community dynamics.Based on the functional groups of plant growth type,carbon metabolism pathway,root type and phylogenetic type,we analyzed characteristics of leaf N/P ratios of 77 species in Sanggendalai(typical grassland zone)of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia,China and 91 species in the Habahu National Nature Reserve(desertified grassland zone)in Yanchi County of Ningxia,China.The results show that the N/P ratio(16.91)of C3 plants in the desertified steppe was significantly larger than that(12.72)in the typical steppe,but there was no significant difference between the N/P ratios of C4 plants in the two zones.There was no significant difference in N/P ratios between C3 plants and C4 plants in the same zone.Similarly,the N/P ratio(16.60)of dicotyledons in desertified steppe were significantly higher than that(12.98)in typical steppe,while differences in N/P ratios between monocotyledonous plants of the two zones was not significant,and there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in the same zone.The N/P ratio had significant difference between gramineous and non-gramineous plants in the typical steppe but not in the desertified steppe,but there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios among different root types of perennial herbaceous plants in the same type of steppe or between two types of steppe.Thus,different features on the N/P ratios of C3 plants and dicotyledonous plants between typical steppe and desertified steppe may lead to different growth status of plants,and the N/P ratio stoichiometric of the same plant functional group may be a foundation of the changes of a plant community.
