The finding of the robust ferroelectricity in HfO_(2)-based thin films is fantastic from the view point of both the fundamentals and the applications.In this review article,the current research status of the future pr...The finding of the robust ferroelectricity in HfO_(2)-based thin films is fantastic from the view point of both the fundamentals and the applications.In this review article,the current research status of the future prospects for the ferroelectric HfO_(2)-based thin films and devices are presented from fundamentals to applications.The related issues are discussed,which include:1)The ferroelectric characteristics observed in HfO_(2)-based films and devices associated with the factors of dopant,strain,interface,thickness,defect,fabrication condition,and more;2)physical understanding on the observed ferroelectric behaviors by the density functional theory(DFT)-based theory calculations;3)the characterizations of microscopic and macroscopic features by transmission electron microscopes-based and electrical properties-based techniques;4)modeling and simulations,5)the performance optimizations,and 6)the applications of some ferroelectric-based devices such as ferroelectric random access memory,ferroelectric-based field effect transistors,and the ferroelectric tunnel junction for the novel information processing systems.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),and closely associated with a high risk of liver-related morbidity and m...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),and closely associated with a high risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality.Although enhanced neutrophil infiltration of the liver is a histological hallmark of MASH,the morphological pattern of hepatic neutrophils and their relevance to the definition of MASH remain unknown.This clinicopathological study aimed to determine the association of neutrophilic crown-like structures(CLSs)in liver biopsies and evaluate their relevance to the histological diagnosis of MASH.A total of 483 morbidly obese adults who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited.Neutrophilic CLSs in liver biopsies were detected by immunohistochemistry for neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3.All participants were classified into 4 histological subgroups:no MASLD(118,24.4%),MASLD(76,15.7%),borderline MASH(185,38.3%),and definite MASH(104,21.5%).In the discovery cohort(n=379),the frequency of neutrophilic CLSs increased in line with the severity of liver disease.The number of neutrophilic CLSs was positively correlated with established histological characteristics of MASH.At a cutoff value of<0.3 per 20×microscopic field,the number of neutrophilic CLSs yielded a robust diagnostic accuracy to discriminate no MASLD and MASLD from borderline MASH and definite MASH;a cutoff at>1.3 per 20×microscopic field exhibited a statistically significant accuracy to distinguish definite MASH from other groups(no MASLD,MASLD,and borderline MASH).The significance of neutrophilic CLSs in identifying borderline MASH and definite MASH was confirmed in an external validation cohort(n=104).The frequency of neutrophilic CLSs was significantly higher than that of macrophagic CLSs.In conclusion,neutrophilic CLSs in the liver represent a typical histological characteristic of MASH and may serve as a promising indicator to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MASH during histological assessment of liver biopsies.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(grant 2019YFB2205100)National Science Foundation of China(grant 92064001)。
文摘The finding of the robust ferroelectricity in HfO_(2)-based thin films is fantastic from the view point of both the fundamentals and the applications.In this review article,the current research status of the future prospects for the ferroelectric HfO_(2)-based thin films and devices are presented from fundamentals to applications.The related issues are discussed,which include:1)The ferroelectric characteristics observed in HfO_(2)-based films and devices associated with the factors of dopant,strain,interface,thickness,defect,fabrication condition,and more;2)physical understanding on the observed ferroelectric behaviors by the density functional theory(DFT)-based theory calculations;3)the characterizations of microscopic and macroscopic features by transmission electron microscopes-based and electrical properties-based techniques;4)modeling and simulations,5)the performance optimizations,and 6)the applications of some ferroelectric-based devices such as ferroelectric random access memory,ferroelectric-based field effect transistors,and the ferroelectric tunnel junction for the novel information processing systems.
基金financially supported by NSFC(82374171 and 81570701)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012945)the Key Laboratory of Model Animal Phenotyping and Basic Research in Metabolic Diseases(2018KSYS003).
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),and closely associated with a high risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality.Although enhanced neutrophil infiltration of the liver is a histological hallmark of MASH,the morphological pattern of hepatic neutrophils and their relevance to the definition of MASH remain unknown.This clinicopathological study aimed to determine the association of neutrophilic crown-like structures(CLSs)in liver biopsies and evaluate their relevance to the histological diagnosis of MASH.A total of 483 morbidly obese adults who underwent bariatric surgery were recruited.Neutrophilic CLSs in liver biopsies were detected by immunohistochemistry for neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3.All participants were classified into 4 histological subgroups:no MASLD(118,24.4%),MASLD(76,15.7%),borderline MASH(185,38.3%),and definite MASH(104,21.5%).In the discovery cohort(n=379),the frequency of neutrophilic CLSs increased in line with the severity of liver disease.The number of neutrophilic CLSs was positively correlated with established histological characteristics of MASH.At a cutoff value of<0.3 per 20×microscopic field,the number of neutrophilic CLSs yielded a robust diagnostic accuracy to discriminate no MASLD and MASLD from borderline MASH and definite MASH;a cutoff at>1.3 per 20×microscopic field exhibited a statistically significant accuracy to distinguish definite MASH from other groups(no MASLD,MASLD,and borderline MASH).The significance of neutrophilic CLSs in identifying borderline MASH and definite MASH was confirmed in an external validation cohort(n=104).The frequency of neutrophilic CLSs was significantly higher than that of macrophagic CLSs.In conclusion,neutrophilic CLSs in the liver represent a typical histological characteristic of MASH and may serve as a promising indicator to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MASH during histological assessment of liver biopsies.
