Accurate and efficient methods for identifying and tracking each animal in a group are needed to study complex behaviors and social interactions.Traditional tracking methods(e.g.,marking each animal with dye or surgic...Accurate and efficient methods for identifying and tracking each animal in a group are needed to study complex behaviors and social interactions.Traditional tracking methods(e.g.,marking each animal with dye or surgically implanting microchips)can be invasive and may have an impact on the social behavior being measured.To overcome these shortcomings,video-based methods for tracking unmarked animals,such as fruit flies and zebrafish,have been developed.However,tracking individual mice in a group remains a challenging problem because of their flexible body and complicated interaction patterns.In this study,we report the development of a multi-object tracker for mice that uses the Faster region-based convolutional neural network(R-CNN)deep learning algorithm with geometric transformations in combination with multi-camera/multi-image fusion technology.The system successfully tracked every individual in groups of unmarked mice and was applied to investigate chasing behavior.The proposed system constitutes a step forward in the noninvasive tracking of individual mice engaged in social behavior.展开更多
The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory,but it also plays an important role in regulating emotional behavior,as hippocampal excitability and plasticity affect anxiety and fear.Brain synaptic plasticity ma...The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory,but it also plays an important role in regulating emotional behavior,as hippocampal excitability and plasticity affect anxiety and fear.Brain synaptic plasticity may be regulated by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1(TIMP1),a known protein inhibitor of extracellular matrix(ECM),and the expression of TIMP1 in the hippocampus can be induced by neuronal excitation and various stimuli.However,the involvement of Timp1 in fear learning,anxiety,and hippocampal synaptic function remains to be established.Our study of Timp1 function in vivo revealed that Timp1 knockout mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior but normal fear learning.Electrophysiological results suggested that Timp1 knockout mice showed hyperactivity in the ventral CA1 region,but the basic synaptic transmission and plasticity were normal in the Schaffer collateral pathway.Taken together,our results suggest that deletion of Timp1 in vivo leads to the occurrence of anxiety behaviors,but that Timp1 is not crucial for fear learning.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0105201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925011,92149304,31900698,32170954,and 32100763+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)The Youth Beijing Scholars Program(015),Support Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities(CIT&TCD20190334)Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China(PXM2021_014226_000026).
文摘Accurate and efficient methods for identifying and tracking each animal in a group are needed to study complex behaviors and social interactions.Traditional tracking methods(e.g.,marking each animal with dye or surgically implanting microchips)can be invasive and may have an impact on the social behavior being measured.To overcome these shortcomings,video-based methods for tracking unmarked animals,such as fruit flies and zebrafish,have been developed.However,tracking individual mice in a group remains a challenging problem because of their flexible body and complicated interaction patterns.In this study,we report the development of a multi-object tracker for mice that uses the Faster region-based convolutional neural network(R-CNN)deep learning algorithm with geometric transformations in combination with multi-camera/multi-image fusion technology.The system successfully tracked every individual in groups of unmarked mice and was applied to investigate chasing behavior.The proposed system constitutes a step forward in the noninvasive tracking of individual mice engaged in social behavior.
基金supported by grants from the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925011,92149304,and 32200636)+2 种基金the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202310025028)the High-Level Teachers project(CIT&TCD20190334)the Youth Beijing Scholars Program(015).
文摘The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory,but it also plays an important role in regulating emotional behavior,as hippocampal excitability and plasticity affect anxiety and fear.Brain synaptic plasticity may be regulated by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1(TIMP1),a known protein inhibitor of extracellular matrix(ECM),and the expression of TIMP1 in the hippocampus can be induced by neuronal excitation and various stimuli.However,the involvement of Timp1 in fear learning,anxiety,and hippocampal synaptic function remains to be established.Our study of Timp1 function in vivo revealed that Timp1 knockout mice exhibit anxiety-like behavior but normal fear learning.Electrophysiological results suggested that Timp1 knockout mice showed hyperactivity in the ventral CA1 region,but the basic synaptic transmission and plasticity were normal in the Schaffer collateral pathway.Taken together,our results suggest that deletion of Timp1 in vivo leads to the occurrence of anxiety behaviors,but that Timp1 is not crucial for fear learning.
