Background:Mammary gland development during late gestation in gilts is a major factor that alters the composition of colostrum and growth performance of piglets.Plasma valine is taken up and metabolized extensively by...Background:Mammary gland development during late gestation in gilts is a major factor that alters the composition of colostrum and growth performance of piglets.Plasma valine is taken up and metabolized extensively by the mammary gland;however,the effects of valine on mammary gland development during late gestation are still unclear.Thirty primiparous gilts were divided into three treatment groups(n=10)and received one of the three diets starting on day 75 of gestation until the day of farrowing.The total dietary valine to lysine ratio of the three diets was 0.63(LV),0.73(MV),and 0.93(HV),respectively.Results:Dietary valine supplementation during late gestation did not affect(P>0.05)the litter size and weight at farrowing;however,the piglet weight and average daily gain at weaning were linearly increased(P<0.05)as the dietary valine increased.The highest piglet weight at weaning was observed when the gilts were provided the HV diet.Dietary valine supplementation linearly elevated(P<0.05)protein,fat and solids-not-fat and some free amino acids content in colostrum.The concentration of prolactin in plasma of gilts was linearly increased in response to valine supplementation at days 1 and 10 of lactation(P<0.05).Furthermore,with increasing dietary valine allowance,a linear increase(P<0.05)was observed in the area of the lumen of alveolus and the content of DNA,RNA,and total protein in the mammary tissues at day 1 of lactation.Moreover,the protein expression of cyclin D1,p-mTOR,p-S6,and p-4EBP1 was also linearly increased(P<0.05)in the mammary tissue at day 1 of lactation.However,no difference(P>0.05)was observed in the indices related to mammary development and the mTOR signaling pathway at day 21 of lactation.Conclusion:The results revealed that increasing the total dietary valine to lysine ratio to 0.93 during late gestation significantly enhances the piglet weight and average daily gain at weaning probably due to improved development of mammary gland.展开更多
In addition to the magnetic confinement fusion plasma,Thomson scattering has been applied to measure electron density and temperature of low-temperature plasmas.Based on a linear magnetized plasma device,a set of Thom...In addition to the magnetic confinement fusion plasma,Thomson scattering has been applied to measure electron density and temperature of low-temperature plasmas.Based on a linear magnetized plasma device,a set of Thomson scattering diagnostic system is designed to diagnose the plasma with n_(e)=10^(18)–10^(19)m^(-3)and T_(e)=2–5eV.Due to low plasma temperature and density,this diagnostic system needs high spectral resolution and collection efficiency to meet the requirements of electron velocity distribution function measurements.Through the bench test,it is confirmed that the spectral resolution reaches 0.01 nm,and theoretical collection efficiency is high enough to obtain a Thomson scattering spectrum by 1000 accumulations.展开更多
Under the background of the new urbanization,this paper performs an empirical analysis of requisition-compensation balance indicators in Chuzhou City,and points out the problems in the land transaction.At the national...Under the background of the new urbanization,this paper performs an empirical analysis of requisition-compensation balance indicators in Chuzhou City,and points out the problems in the land transaction.At the national level,it is necessary to introduce the measures to regulate the market transactions of requisition-compensation balance indicators as soon as possible,put safeguarding the interests of the majority of farmers in the first place during market transactions,and establish the a unified market platform for the transaction of land-related indicators,so as to boost the urban construction,promote the integration of urban and rural areas,and speed up the new urbanization process.展开更多
The development of enantioselective C-H macrocyclizations to efficiently access structurally diversified macrocycles is highly desirable,but remain a big challenge.Herein,we reported the first rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed as...The development of enantioselective C-H macrocyclizations to efficiently access structurally diversified macrocycles is highly desirable,but remain a big challenge.Herein,we reported the first rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular C-H macrocyclization,enabling the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse enantioenriched macrocycles.This robust enantioselective C-H macrocyclization has a broad functional group tolerance,excellent enantioselectivities(up to 98.5:1.5 e.r.)and a mild reaction condition,releasing CO_(2)as the single by-product.More significantly,the resulting unique enantioenriched19-membered macrocycle 2f was found to demonstrate a potent in vitro anti-Zika virus(ZIKV)activity without obvious cytotoxicity.Further investigation revealed that the anti-ZIKV activity is presumably attributed to an autophagy inhibition in the early stage of viral infection by down-regulating the expression of autophagy related gene Atg12.展开更多
A waveguide-QED with giant atoms,which is capable of accessing various limits of a small one,provides a new paradigm to study photon scatterings.Thus,how to achieve nonreciprocal photon transmissions via such a giant ...A waveguide-QED with giant atoms,which is capable of accessing various limits of a small one,provides a new paradigm to study photon scatterings.Thus,how to achieve nonreciprocal photon transmissions via such a giant atom setup is highly desirable.In this study,the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering characteristics of a double-drivenΛ-type three-level giant atom,where one of the transition couples to a 1D waveguide at two separate points,and the other is driven by two coherent driving fields,are investigated.It is found that a frequency-tunable single-photon diode with an ideal contrast ratio can be achieved by properly manipulating the local coupling phases between the giant atom and the waveguide,the accumulation phase between the two waveguide coupling points,the Rabi frequencies and phase difference of the two driven fields.Compared to the previous single driving schemes,on the one hand,the presence of the second driving field can provide more tunable parameters to manipulate the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering behavior.On the other hand,here perfect nonreciprocal transmission for photons with arbitrary frequencies is achievable by tuning the driving phases while the two driving fields keep on turning,which provides an alternative way to control the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering.Furthermore,the results reveal that both the location and width of each optimal nonreciprocal transmission window is also sensitive to the driving detuning,and a single-photon diode with wide or narrow bandwidth can be realized based on demand.These results may be beneficial for designing nonreciprocal single-photon devices based on a double-driven giant atom setup.展开更多
The dynamic control of single-photon scattering in a pair of one-dimensional waveguides mediated by a time-modulated atom-cavity system is investigated.Two cases,where the waveguides are coupled symmetrically or asymm...The dynamic control of single-photon scattering in a pair of one-dimensional waveguides mediated by a time-modulated atom-cavity system is investigated.Two cases,where the waveguides are coupled symmetrically or asymmetrically to the atom-cavity system,are discussed in detail.The results show that such time-modulated atom-cavity configuration can behave as a dynamical tunable directional single-photon router.The photons with different frequencies can dynamically be routed from the incident waveguide into any ports of the other with a 100%probability via adjusting the modulated amplitude or phases of the time-modulated atom-cavity coupling strengths,associate with the help of the asymmetrical waveguide-cavity couplings.Furthermore,the influence of dissipation on the routing capability is investigated.It is shown that the present single-photon router is robust against the dissipative process of the system,especially the atomic dissipation.These results are expected to be applicable in quantum information processing and design quantum devices with dynamical modulation.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an autoimmune disorder involving complex immune regulation,where balancing localized and systemic immunosuppression is a key challenge.This study aimed to enhance the therapeutic effi...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an autoimmune disorder involving complex immune regulation,where balancing localized and systemic immunosuppression is a key challenge.This study aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy by engineering the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN).We removed endogenous plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2 from wild-type EcN and expressed the mPD-L1(19‒238 aa)-mFc fusion protein on the bacterial surface using a cytolysin A(ClyA)fragment.This modification stabilized mPD-L1(19‒238 aa)protein expression and promoted its recruitment to outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The engineered strain,EcNΔ_(pMUT1/2)-ClyA-mPD-L1-mFc(EcN-ePD-L1-mFc),features conditional ePD-L1-mFc expression under the araBAD promoter,enhancing gut-targeted release and reducing systemic side effects.This strain improved treatment targeting and efficiency by enabling direct ePD-L1-mFc interaction with immune cells at inflammation sites.OMVs from this strain induced Treg proliferation,inhibited effector T cell proliferation in vitro,and significantly improved intestinal inflammation and colonic epithelial barrier repair in vivo.Additionally,the bacterium restored intestinal microbiota balance,increasing Lactobacillaceae and reducing Bacteroides.This study highlights the engineered bacterium’s potential for targeted intestinal immune modulation and offers a novel local IBD treatment approach with promising clinical prospects.展开更多
Inspired by Minsky’s Society of Mind,Schmidhuber’s Learning to Think,and other more 9-16 recent works,this paper proposes and advocates for the concept of natural language-based societies of mind(NLSOMs).We imagine ...Inspired by Minsky’s Society of Mind,Schmidhuber’s Learning to Think,and other more 9-16 recent works,this paper proposes and advocates for the concept of natural language-based societies of mind(NLSOMs).We imagine these societies as consisting of a collection of multimodal neural networks,including large language models,which engage in a“mindstorm”to solve problems using a shared natural language interface.Here,we work to identify and discuss key questions about the social structure,governance,and economic principles for NLSOMs,emphasizing their impact on the future of AI.Our demonstrations with NLSOMs—which feature up to 129 agents—show their effectiveness in various tasks,including visual question answering,image captioning,and prompt generation for text-to-image synthesis.展开更多
A hydrogen peroxide[H_(2)O_(2)]detection system is demonstrated with multi-pass tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy using a 75 m Herriott absorption cell.The system utilizes an~8μm continuous wave distributed...A hydrogen peroxide[H_(2)O_(2)]detection system is demonstrated with multi-pass tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy using a 75 m Herriott absorption cell.The system utilizes an~8μm continuous wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser[CW DFB-QCL]targeting a prominent H_(2)O_(2)line at 1253.1 cm^(-1)within the fundamental absorption band.A wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the first harmonic normalized second harmonic[WMS-2f/1f]detection method is employed to eliminate laser light intensity fluctuations.Calibration of the system is conducted by means of chemical titration to establish the correlation between the peak value of the 2f/1f signal and H_(2)O_(2)concentration.An Allan-Werle deviation analysis shows that a minimum detection limit[MDL]of 2.9 ppb[1 ppb=10^(-9)]for H_(2)O_(2)is achieved with an average time of 147 s.To the best of our knowledge,this is the lowest detection limit for H_(2)O_(2)at the wavenumber of 1253.1 cm^(-1).The system exhibits robust resistance to interference from other gases,especially water vapor[H_(2)O],making it suitable for measuring the residual concentration of H_(2)O_(2)post-sterilization and the concentration of H_(2)O_(2)in the atmosphere.展开更多
To improve the sensitivity measurement of temperature sensors,a fiber optic temperature sensor structure based on the harmonic Vernier effect with two parallel fiber Sagnac interferometers(FSIs)is designed,and theoret...To improve the sensitivity measurement of temperature sensors,a fiber optic temperature sensor structure based on the harmonic Vernier effect with two parallel fiber Sagnac interferometers(FSIs)is designed,and theoretical analysis and experimental testing are conducted.The FSI consisting of two polarization maintaining fibers(PMFs)with lengths of 13.62 m and 15.05 m respectively is used to achieve the basic Vernier effect.Then by changing the length of one PMF to approximately i times that of the others,the FSI composed of two PMFs of 7.1 m and 15.05 m is used to achieve the first-order harmonic Vernier effect.Afterward,temperature sensing tests are conducted to observe the wavelength drift during temperature changes and ultimately achieve high sensitivity.The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor based on the first-order harmonic Vernier effect is-28.89 nm/℃,which is 17.09 times that of a single FSI structure(-1.69 nm/℃)and 1.84 times that of the sensitivity generated by the structure based on the basic Vernier effect(-15.69 nm/℃).The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.The structure proposed in this paper achieves drift measurement of 0.1℃ variation based on 1 drift,making the fiber optic temperature sensor applicable to related fields that requir e high precision temperature.The proposed temperature sensor has the simple structure,low production cost,high sensitivity,and broad application prospects.展开更多
Leaf senescence is an important developmental process in the plant life cycle and has a significant impact on agriculture.When facing harsh environmental conditions,monocarpic plants often initiate early leaf senes-ce...Leaf senescence is an important developmental process in the plant life cycle and has a significant impact on agriculture.When facing harsh environmental conditions,monocarpic plants often initiate early leaf senes-cence as an adaptive mechanism to ensure a complete life cycle.Upon initiation,the senescence process is fine-tuned through the coordination of both positive and negative regulators.Here,we report that the small secreted peptide CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 14(CLE14)functions in the suppression of leaf senescence by regulating ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis.Expression of the CLE14-encoding gene in leaves was signifi-cantly induced by age,high salinity,abscisic acid(ABA),salicylic acid,and jasmonic acid.CLE14 knockout plants displayed accelerated progression of both natural and salinity-induced leaf senescence,whereas increased CLE14 expression or treatments with synthetic CLE14 peptides delayed senescence.CLE14 pep-tide treatments also delayed ABA-induced senescence in detached leaves.Further analysis showed that over-expression of CLE14 led to reduced.ROS levels in leaves,where higher expression of ROS scavenging genes was detected.Moreover,CLE14 signaling resulted in transcriptional activation of JUB1,a NAC family tran-scription factor previously identified as a negative regulator of senescence.Notably,the delay of leaf senes-cence,reduction in H202 level,and activation of ROS scavenging genes by CLE14 peptides were dependent on JUB1.Collectively,these results suggest that the small peptide CLE14 serves as a novel"brake signal"to regulate age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence through JUB1-mediated ROS scavenging.展开更多
Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)based on perovskites show great potential in lighting and display applications.However,although perovskite films with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies are commonly achieved,the ef...Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)based on perovskites show great potential in lighting and display applications.However,although perovskite films with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies are commonly achieved,the efficiencies of perovskite LEDs are largely limited by the low light out-coupling efficiency.Here,we show that high-efficiency perovskite LEDs with a high external quantum efficiency of 20.2% and an ultrahigh radiant exitance up to 114.9mWcm^(−2) can be achieved by employing the microcavity effect to enhance light extraction.The enhanced microcavity effect and light outcoupling efficiency are confirmed by the study of angle-dependent emission profiles.Our results show that both the optical and electrical properties of the device need to be optimized to achieve high-performance perovskite LEDs.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a treatment that increases the temperature of tumors to 42–48℃,or even higher for tumor ablation.PTT has sparked a lot of attention due to its ability to induce apoptosis or increase sens...Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a treatment that increases the temperature of tumors to 42–48℃,or even higher for tumor ablation.PTT has sparked a lot of attention due to its ability to induce apoptosis or increase sensitivity to chemotherapy.Excessive heat not only kills the tumor cells,but also damages the surrounding healthy tissue,reducing therapeutic accuracy and increasing the possible side effects.Herein,a phase change fiber(PCF)scaffold serving as a thermal trigger in mild photothermal–chemo tumor therapy is developed to regulate temperature and control drug release.These prepared PCFs,comprised of hollow carbon fibers(HCFs)loaded with lauric acid as a phase change material(PCM),can effectively store and release any excess heat generated by irradiating with a near-infrared(NIR)laser through the reversible solid–liquid transition process of the PCM.With this feature,the optimal PTT temperature of implanted PCF-based composite scaffolds was identified for tumor therapy with minimal normal tissue damage.In addition,controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs and heat shock protein(HSP)inhibitors from the PCF-based composite scaffolds have been shown to improve the efficacy of mild PTT.The developed PCF-based scaffold sheds light on the development of a new generation of therapeutic scaffolds for thermal therapy.展开更多
This experiment was designed to determine the effects of variations in dietary energy intake on reproductive performance and gene expression of luteal and endometrium tissues in Large White(LW)and Meishan(MS) gilts du...This experiment was designed to determine the effects of variations in dietary energy intake on reproductive performance and gene expression of luteal and endometrium tissues in Large White(LW)and Meishan(MS) gilts during early and middle pregnancy. After insemination, 32 LW gilts were assigned to high and low(HE_Land LE_L, 14.23 and 12.56 MJ DE/kg, respectively) diet treatment groups,while 32 MS gilts were allocated to HE_M and LE_M(12.56 and 10.88 MJ DE/kg) groups. Gilts were slaughtered on days 35, 55 and 90 of gestation. The fetal survival and luteal progesterone(P_4) concentration in the HE_Lgroup were higher on day 35 but lower on day 90 of gestation compared with the LE_L group(P < 0.05) for LW gilts. However, fetal survival and luteal P_4 concentration on day 35 of gestation were greater(P < 0.05) in the LE_M group than in the HE_M group for MS gilts, but no significant difference in mid-gestation was showed. The fetal weights of both breeds were higher for the high energy diets compared with the respective control group on day 90 of gestation(P < 0.05). In addition,the m RNA levels of P_4 synthesis-related proteins had correlated with luteal P_4 concentration in both breeds. Further, endometrial levels of uteroferrin(ACP5), retinol-binding protein 4(RBP_4) and secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1) m RNA were upregulated in the HE_Lgroup on day 35 of gestation but ACP5 and SPP1 were downregulated on day 55 of gestation compared with the LE_Lgroup(P < 0.05) for LW gilts. In MS gilts, diet only affected the expression of SPP1(P < 0.05). Our results revealed the differential sensitivity of LW and MS breeds to variations in dietary energy intake. For LW gilts, the HE_Lgroup improved fetal survival on day 35 but a sustained high energy diet decreased fetal survival on day 90 of gestation. The differences in dietary energy intake did not influence fetal survival on day 90 of gestation but the higher energy diet did increase fetal weight in the MS breed compared with the lower energy intake diet. These results may be due to differential luteal secretion activity and endometrium gene expression in these two breeds.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0501003)The Outstanding Talents Training Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)Supporting Program for Guangdong Agricultural Research&Development Center of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding.Operating Funds for Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition(2014B030301054).
文摘Background:Mammary gland development during late gestation in gilts is a major factor that alters the composition of colostrum and growth performance of piglets.Plasma valine is taken up and metabolized extensively by the mammary gland;however,the effects of valine on mammary gland development during late gestation are still unclear.Thirty primiparous gilts were divided into three treatment groups(n=10)and received one of the three diets starting on day 75 of gestation until the day of farrowing.The total dietary valine to lysine ratio of the three diets was 0.63(LV),0.73(MV),and 0.93(HV),respectively.Results:Dietary valine supplementation during late gestation did not affect(P>0.05)the litter size and weight at farrowing;however,the piglet weight and average daily gain at weaning were linearly increased(P<0.05)as the dietary valine increased.The highest piglet weight at weaning was observed when the gilts were provided the HV diet.Dietary valine supplementation linearly elevated(P<0.05)protein,fat and solids-not-fat and some free amino acids content in colostrum.The concentration of prolactin in plasma of gilts was linearly increased in response to valine supplementation at days 1 and 10 of lactation(P<0.05).Furthermore,with increasing dietary valine allowance,a linear increase(P<0.05)was observed in the area of the lumen of alveolus and the content of DNA,RNA,and total protein in the mammary tissues at day 1 of lactation.Moreover,the protein expression of cyclin D1,p-mTOR,p-S6,and p-4EBP1 was also linearly increased(P<0.05)in the mammary tissue at day 1 of lactation.However,no difference(P>0.05)was observed in the indices related to mammary development and the mTOR signaling pathway at day 21 of lactation.Conclusion:The results revealed that increasing the total dietary valine to lysine ratio to 0.93 during late gestation significantly enhances the piglet weight and average daily gain at weaning probably due to improved development of mammary gland.
文摘In addition to the magnetic confinement fusion plasma,Thomson scattering has been applied to measure electron density and temperature of low-temperature plasmas.Based on a linear magnetized plasma device,a set of Thomson scattering diagnostic system is designed to diagnose the plasma with n_(e)=10^(18)–10^(19)m^(-3)and T_(e)=2–5eV.Due to low plasma temperature and density,this diagnostic system needs high spectral resolution and collection efficiency to meet the requirements of electron velocity distribution function measurements.Through the bench test,it is confirmed that the spectral resolution reaches 0.01 nm,and theoretical collection efficiency is high enough to obtain a Thomson scattering spectrum by 1000 accumulations.
基金Supported by Soft Science Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Land and Resources(2013001)
文摘Under the background of the new urbanization,this paper performs an empirical analysis of requisition-compensation balance indicators in Chuzhou City,and points out the problems in the land transaction.At the national level,it is necessary to introduce the measures to regulate the market transactions of requisition-compensation balance indicators as soon as possible,put safeguarding the interests of the majority of farmers in the first place during market transactions,and establish the a unified market platform for the transaction of land-related indicators,so as to boost the urban construction,promote the integration of urban and rural areas,and speed up the new urbanization process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973166)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22XD1424600)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(No.22ZR1474100)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306322)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2300700)Shandong Laboratory Program(No.SYS202205)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2023LSW003 and ZR2023JQ028)。
文摘The development of enantioselective C-H macrocyclizations to efficiently access structurally diversified macrocycles is highly desirable,but remain a big challenge.Herein,we reported the first rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular C-H macrocyclization,enabling the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse enantioenriched macrocycles.This robust enantioselective C-H macrocyclization has a broad functional group tolerance,excellent enantioselectivities(up to 98.5:1.5 e.r.)and a mild reaction condition,releasing CO_(2)as the single by-product.More significantly,the resulting unique enantioenriched19-membered macrocycle 2f was found to demonstrate a potent in vitro anti-Zika virus(ZIKV)activity without obvious cytotoxicity.Further investigation revealed that the anti-ZIKV activity is presumably attributed to an autophagy inhibition in the early stage of viral infection by down-regulating the expression of autophagy related gene Atg12.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2023M732028)the Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device (Grant No.20230201)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.LY21A040003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA1400602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11864018,12164022,12174288 and 12274326)。
文摘A waveguide-QED with giant atoms,which is capable of accessing various limits of a small one,provides a new paradigm to study photon scatterings.Thus,how to achieve nonreciprocal photon transmissions via such a giant atom setup is highly desirable.In this study,the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering characteristics of a double-drivenΛ-type three-level giant atom,where one of the transition couples to a 1D waveguide at two separate points,and the other is driven by two coherent driving fields,are investigated.It is found that a frequency-tunable single-photon diode with an ideal contrast ratio can be achieved by properly manipulating the local coupling phases between the giant atom and the waveguide,the accumulation phase between the two waveguide coupling points,the Rabi frequencies and phase difference of the two driven fields.Compared to the previous single driving schemes,on the one hand,the presence of the second driving field can provide more tunable parameters to manipulate the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering behavior.On the other hand,here perfect nonreciprocal transmission for photons with arbitrary frequencies is achievable by tuning the driving phases while the two driving fields keep on turning,which provides an alternative way to control the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering.Furthermore,the results reveal that both the location and width of each optimal nonreciprocal transmission window is also sensitive to the driving detuning,and a single-photon diode with wide or narrow bandwidth can be realized based on demand.These results may be beneficial for designing nonreciprocal single-photon devices based on a double-driven giant atom setup.
基金Project supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2023M732028)the Fund from Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device (Grant No.20230201)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.GK199900299012-015)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.LY21A040003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12164022,12174288,and 12274326)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20232BAB201044)。
文摘The dynamic control of single-photon scattering in a pair of one-dimensional waveguides mediated by a time-modulated atom-cavity system is investigated.Two cases,where the waveguides are coupled symmetrically or asymmetrically to the atom-cavity system,are discussed in detail.The results show that such time-modulated atom-cavity configuration can behave as a dynamical tunable directional single-photon router.The photons with different frequencies can dynamically be routed from the incident waveguide into any ports of the other with a 100%probability via adjusting the modulated amplitude or phases of the time-modulated atom-cavity coupling strengths,associate with the help of the asymmetrical waveguide-cavity couplings.Furthermore,the influence of dissipation on the routing capability is investigated.It is shown that the present single-photon router is robust against the dissipative process of the system,especially the atomic dissipation.These results are expected to be applicable in quantum information processing and design quantum devices with dynamical modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.32371461 and 81873449)Suzhou Health Youth Backbone Talent“National Tutorial System”Training Project(No.Qngg2023005,China)+5 种基金Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20210086,China)Basic Science(Natural Science)Research Program for Universities in Jiangsu Province(No.24KJB310015,China)Gusu Leading Talent Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.ZXL2021441,China)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Suzhou(No.SKY2022150,China)Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau Basic Research(No.SSD2024073,China)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation(No.Y-tongshu2021/qn-0366,China).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an autoimmune disorder involving complex immune regulation,where balancing localized and systemic immunosuppression is a key challenge.This study aimed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy by engineering the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917(EcN).We removed endogenous plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2 from wild-type EcN and expressed the mPD-L1(19‒238 aa)-mFc fusion protein on the bacterial surface using a cytolysin A(ClyA)fragment.This modification stabilized mPD-L1(19‒238 aa)protein expression and promoted its recruitment to outer membrane vesicles(OMVs).The engineered strain,EcNΔ_(pMUT1/2)-ClyA-mPD-L1-mFc(EcN-ePD-L1-mFc),features conditional ePD-L1-mFc expression under the araBAD promoter,enhancing gut-targeted release and reducing systemic side effects.This strain improved treatment targeting and efficiency by enabling direct ePD-L1-mFc interaction with immune cells at inflammation sites.OMVs from this strain induced Treg proliferation,inhibited effector T cell proliferation in vitro,and significantly improved intestinal inflammation and colonic epithelial barrier repair in vivo.Additionally,the bacterium restored intestinal microbiota balance,increasing Lactobacillaceae and reducing Bacteroides.This study highlights the engineered bacterium’s potential for targeted intestinal immune modulation and offers a novel local IBD treatment approach with promising clinical prospects.
基金supported by the European Research Council(ERC,Advanced Grant Number 742870the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNF,Grant Numbers 200021 and 192356)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 62476143).
文摘Inspired by Minsky’s Society of Mind,Schmidhuber’s Learning to Think,and other more 9-16 recent works,this paper proposes and advocates for the concept of natural language-based societies of mind(NLSOMs).We imagine these societies as consisting of a collection of multimodal neural networks,including large language models,which engage in a“mindstorm”to solve problems using a shared natural language interface.Here,we work to identify and discuss key questions about the social structure,governance,and economic principles for NLSOMs,emphasizing their impact on the future of AI.Our demonstrations with NLSOMs—which feature up to 129 agents—show their effectiveness in various tasks,including visual question answering,image captioning,and prompt generation for text-to-image synthesis.
基金supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C03065,2022C030842022C03162)+3 种基金the Primary Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C03014)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C03037)the Science and Technology Program of the State Administration of Market Supervision(No.2023MK049)the Science and Technology Program of Market Supervision Administration of Zhejiang Province(Nos.QN2023419 and QN2023420)。
文摘A hydrogen peroxide[H_(2)O_(2)]detection system is demonstrated with multi-pass tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy using a 75 m Herriott absorption cell.The system utilizes an~8μm continuous wave distributed feedback quantum cascade laser[CW DFB-QCL]targeting a prominent H_(2)O_(2)line at 1253.1 cm^(-1)within the fundamental absorption band.A wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the first harmonic normalized second harmonic[WMS-2f/1f]detection method is employed to eliminate laser light intensity fluctuations.Calibration of the system is conducted by means of chemical titration to establish the correlation between the peak value of the 2f/1f signal and H_(2)O_(2)concentration.An Allan-Werle deviation analysis shows that a minimum detection limit[MDL]of 2.9 ppb[1 ppb=10^(-9)]for H_(2)O_(2)is achieved with an average time of 147 s.To the best of our knowledge,this is the lowest detection limit for H_(2)O_(2)at the wavenumber of 1253.1 cm^(-1).The system exhibits robust resistance to interference from other gases,especially water vapor[H_(2)O],making it suitable for measuring the residual concentration of H_(2)O_(2)post-sterilization and the concentration of H_(2)O_(2)in the atmosphere.
基金supported by the Primary Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2023C03014)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2022C03037).
文摘To improve the sensitivity measurement of temperature sensors,a fiber optic temperature sensor structure based on the harmonic Vernier effect with two parallel fiber Sagnac interferometers(FSIs)is designed,and theoretical analysis and experimental testing are conducted.The FSI consisting of two polarization maintaining fibers(PMFs)with lengths of 13.62 m and 15.05 m respectively is used to achieve the basic Vernier effect.Then by changing the length of one PMF to approximately i times that of the others,the FSI composed of two PMFs of 7.1 m and 15.05 m is used to achieve the first-order harmonic Vernier effect.Afterward,temperature sensing tests are conducted to observe the wavelength drift during temperature changes and ultimately achieve high sensitivity.The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor based on the first-order harmonic Vernier effect is-28.89 nm/℃,which is 17.09 times that of a single FSI structure(-1.69 nm/℃)and 1.84 times that of the sensitivity generated by the structure based on the basic Vernier effect(-15.69 nm/℃).The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.The structure proposed in this paper achieves drift measurement of 0.1℃ variation based on 1 drift,making the fiber optic temperature sensor applicable to related fields that requir e high precision temperature.The proposed temperature sensor has the simple structure,low production cost,high sensitivity,and broad application prospects.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571494 to Y.G.and 31600991 to Z.L.),Chinathe Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAAS(2014ZL046 to Y.G.and Y2016PT51 to Z.L.),China+1 种基金the Ministry of Agriculture“948”Program(2013-Z4 to Y.G.)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-TRI02 to Y.G.),China.
文摘Leaf senescence is an important developmental process in the plant life cycle and has a significant impact on agriculture.When facing harsh environmental conditions,monocarpic plants often initiate early leaf senes-cence as an adaptive mechanism to ensure a complete life cycle.Upon initiation,the senescence process is fine-tuned through the coordination of both positive and negative regulators.Here,we report that the small secreted peptide CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 14(CLE14)functions in the suppression of leaf senescence by regulating ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis.Expression of the CLE14-encoding gene in leaves was signifi-cantly induced by age,high salinity,abscisic acid(ABA),salicylic acid,and jasmonic acid.CLE14 knockout plants displayed accelerated progression of both natural and salinity-induced leaf senescence,whereas increased CLE14 expression or treatments with synthetic CLE14 peptides delayed senescence.CLE14 pep-tide treatments also delayed ABA-induced senescence in detached leaves.Further analysis showed that over-expression of CLE14 led to reduced.ROS levels in leaves,where higher expression of ROS scavenging genes was detected.Moreover,CLE14 signaling resulted in transcriptional activation of JUB1,a NAC family tran-scription factor previously identified as a negative regulator of senescence.Notably,the delay of leaf senes-cence,reduction in H202 level,and activation of ROS scavenging genes by CLE14 peptides were dependent on JUB1.Collectively,these results suggest that the small peptide CLE14 serves as a novel"brake signal"to regulate age-dependent and stress-induced leaf senescence through JUB1-mediated ROS scavenging.
基金financially supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91733302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11804156,51972171,61935017,61725502,61875084,and 61974066)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0406704)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180085)the Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays.
文摘Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)based on perovskites show great potential in lighting and display applications.However,although perovskite films with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies are commonly achieved,the efficiencies of perovskite LEDs are largely limited by the low light out-coupling efficiency.Here,we show that high-efficiency perovskite LEDs with a high external quantum efficiency of 20.2% and an ultrahigh radiant exitance up to 114.9mWcm^(−2) can be achieved by employing the microcavity effect to enhance light extraction.The enhanced microcavity effect and light outcoupling efficiency are confirmed by the study of angle-dependent emission profiles.Our results show that both the optical and electrical properties of the device need to be optimized to achieve high-performance perovskite LEDs.
基金The authors thank the financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1105003,2021YFB3802700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21807046)+4 种基金Guangdong Project(No.2016ZT06C322)National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No.2020A151501744)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.202102020759)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515111174)Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation(“111 Center”).
文摘Photothermal therapy(PTT)is a treatment that increases the temperature of tumors to 42–48℃,or even higher for tumor ablation.PTT has sparked a lot of attention due to its ability to induce apoptosis or increase sensitivity to chemotherapy.Excessive heat not only kills the tumor cells,but also damages the surrounding healthy tissue,reducing therapeutic accuracy and increasing the possible side effects.Herein,a phase change fiber(PCF)scaffold serving as a thermal trigger in mild photothermal–chemo tumor therapy is developed to regulate temperature and control drug release.These prepared PCFs,comprised of hollow carbon fibers(HCFs)loaded with lauric acid as a phase change material(PCM),can effectively store and release any excess heat generated by irradiating with a near-infrared(NIR)laser through the reversible solid–liquid transition process of the PCM.With this feature,the optimal PTT temperature of implanted PCF-based composite scaffolds was identified for tumor therapy with minimal normal tissue damage.In addition,controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs and heat shock protein(HSP)inhibitors from the PCF-based composite scaffolds have been shown to improve the efficacy of mild PTT.The developed PCF-based scaffold sheds light on the development of a new generation of therapeutic scaffolds for thermal therapy.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT13083)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2012CB124701)
文摘This experiment was designed to determine the effects of variations in dietary energy intake on reproductive performance and gene expression of luteal and endometrium tissues in Large White(LW)and Meishan(MS) gilts during early and middle pregnancy. After insemination, 32 LW gilts were assigned to high and low(HE_Land LE_L, 14.23 and 12.56 MJ DE/kg, respectively) diet treatment groups,while 32 MS gilts were allocated to HE_M and LE_M(12.56 and 10.88 MJ DE/kg) groups. Gilts were slaughtered on days 35, 55 and 90 of gestation. The fetal survival and luteal progesterone(P_4) concentration in the HE_Lgroup were higher on day 35 but lower on day 90 of gestation compared with the LE_L group(P < 0.05) for LW gilts. However, fetal survival and luteal P_4 concentration on day 35 of gestation were greater(P < 0.05) in the LE_M group than in the HE_M group for MS gilts, but no significant difference in mid-gestation was showed. The fetal weights of both breeds were higher for the high energy diets compared with the respective control group on day 90 of gestation(P < 0.05). In addition,the m RNA levels of P_4 synthesis-related proteins had correlated with luteal P_4 concentration in both breeds. Further, endometrial levels of uteroferrin(ACP5), retinol-binding protein 4(RBP_4) and secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1) m RNA were upregulated in the HE_Lgroup on day 35 of gestation but ACP5 and SPP1 were downregulated on day 55 of gestation compared with the LE_Lgroup(P < 0.05) for LW gilts. In MS gilts, diet only affected the expression of SPP1(P < 0.05). Our results revealed the differential sensitivity of LW and MS breeds to variations in dietary energy intake. For LW gilts, the HE_Lgroup improved fetal survival on day 35 but a sustained high energy diet decreased fetal survival on day 90 of gestation. The differences in dietary energy intake did not influence fetal survival on day 90 of gestation but the higher energy diet did increase fetal weight in the MS breed compared with the lower energy intake diet. These results may be due to differential luteal secretion activity and endometrium gene expression in these two breeds.
