Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally,with its incidence increasing due to lifestyle fac-tors such as increased consumption of red meat and decreased vegetable intake.A disti...Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally,with its incidence increasing due to lifestyle fac-tors such as increased consumption of red meat and decreased vegetable intake.A distinctive aspect of CRC is its strong connection to the gut microbiota,which is crucial in both tumorigenesis and immune regulation.This narrative review provides a comprehensive anal-ysis of the interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system,focusing on their importance in CRC progression and re-sponses to immunotherapy.Imbalances in the composition of gut microbes are strongly associated with CRC development.Notably,species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis have been identified as key regulators of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.These microbes affect the functions of immune cells,such as T cells,macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,thereby influencing cancer progression and prognosis.Additionally,this review underscores the potential of gut micro-biota as biomarkers for CRC detection and outcome prediction.There is also growing interest in the use of probiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary modifications as supplementary treatments.A deeper understanding of how microbial communities interact with the immune system may pave the way for novel personalized therapies,particularly by enhancing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.展开更多
基金supported by The First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally,with its incidence increasing due to lifestyle fac-tors such as increased consumption of red meat and decreased vegetable intake.A distinctive aspect of CRC is its strong connection to the gut microbiota,which is crucial in both tumorigenesis and immune regulation.This narrative review provides a comprehensive anal-ysis of the interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system,focusing on their importance in CRC progression and re-sponses to immunotherapy.Imbalances in the composition of gut microbes are strongly associated with CRC development.Notably,species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis have been identified as key regulators of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.These microbes affect the functions of immune cells,such as T cells,macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,thereby influencing cancer progression and prognosis.Additionally,this review underscores the potential of gut micro-biota as biomarkers for CRC detection and outcome prediction.There is also growing interest in the use of probiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary modifications as supplementary treatments.A deeper understanding of how microbial communities interact with the immune system may pave the way for novel personalized therapies,particularly by enhancing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
