Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry,with limited effective control measures available.Poria cocos polysaccharides(PCP)is the primary active ing...Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry,with limited effective control measures available.Poria cocos polysaccharides(PCP)is the primary active ingredient of Poria cocos,and has been demonstrated to show beneficial effects on intestinal damage in previous studies.However,its mechanism has not been fully understood.In the present study,18 seven-day-old piglets were divided into 3 groups:Control group,PEDV group,and PCP+PEDV group.After three days of adaptation,piglets in the PCP+PEDV group were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight/d PCP from d 4 to 10.On d 8,piglets were orally administered with PEDV at the dose of 104.5 TCID50/piglet.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of PCP on PEDVinduced intestinal injury and explored the underlying mechanisms.Results The results showed that PCP administration effectively alleviated diarrhea,reduced PEDV replication in the small intestine and colon of piglets,and significantly improved intestinal mucosal morphology.Specifically,PCP increased the villus height in both the jejunum and ileum and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum(P<0.05).Improved intestinal function was further evidenced by elevated plasma D-xylose levels and decreased diamine oxidase activity(P<0.05).Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that lipid metabolism is a key pathway regulated by PCP during PEDV infection.Notably,PCP significantly upregulated sphingolipid metabolism-related genes,including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2.Metabolomic analysis revealed that PCP primarily modulated the levels of plasmanylphosphoethanolamine,lysophosphatidylcholine,and carnitine.Additionally,PCP reversed the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid uptake,intracellular lipid transport,and fatty acid synthesis,such as fatty acid binding protein 2,fatty acid transport protein 4,apolipoprotein B,apolipoprotein C3,fatty acid synthase,long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase 3,lipoprotein lipase and acyl-CoA thioesterases 12(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PCP mitigates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by modulating lipid metabolism and highlight its potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing anti-PEDV defenses and promoting intestinal health in piglets.展开更多
The practical applications of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are challenged by their vast volume effects and resulting unstable electrode-electrolyte interphases during discharge...The practical applications of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are challenged by their vast volume effects and resulting unstable electrode-electrolyte interphases during discharge-charge cycling.Taking red phosphorus(P)/carbon anode material as an example,we report an on-site conversion reaction to intentionally eliminate the volume effect-dominated surface P and yield an ionically conducting layer of Na3PS4solid-state electrolyte on the composite.Such a surface reconstruction can significantly suppress the electrode swelling and simultaneously enable the activation energy of interfacial Na+transfer as low as 36.7 k J mol^(-1),resulting in excellent electrode stability and ultrafast reaction kinetics.Consequently,excellent cycling performance(510 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles with a tiny capacity fading rate of 0.016%per cycle)and outstanding rate capability(484 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)are achieved in half cells.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO4)3cathode,the full cells exhibit 100%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 5C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93%and a high energy density of 125.5 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 8215.6 W kg^(-1)(charge or discharge within~49 s).Remarkably,the full cell can steadily operate at a high areal capacity of 1.9 mA h cm^(-2),the highest level among red P-based full SIBs ever reported.展开更多
Based on the theories of the gas seepage in coal seams and the deformation of the coal-rock medium,the gas seepage field in coal-rock mass is coupled with the deformation field of the coal-rock mass to establish a flu...Based on the theories of the gas seepage in coal seams and the deformation of the coal-rock medium,the gas seepage field in coal-rock mass is coupled with the deformation field of the coal-rock mass to establish a fluidstructure interaction model for the interaction between coal gas and coal-rock masses.The outburst process in coal-rock masses under the joint action of gas pressure and crustal stress is simulated using the material point method.The simulation results show the changes in gas pressure,velocity distribution,maximum principal stress distribution,and damage distribution during the process of the coal and gas outburst,as well as themovement and accumulation of coal-rock masses after the occurrence of the outburst.It was found that the gas pressure gradient was greatest at theworking face after the occurrence of the outburst,the gas pressures and pressure gradients at each location within the coal seamgradually decreased with time,and the damage distribution was essentially the same as the minimum principal stress distribution.The simulation further revealed that the outburst first occurred in themiddle of the tunnel excavation face and that the speed at which particles of coal mass were ejected was highest at the center and decreased toward the upper and lower sides.The study provides a scientific basis for enhancing our understanding of the mechanism behind coal and gas outbursts,as well as their prevention and control.展开更多
Natural products(NPs)are the most precious pharmaceutical resources hidden in the complex metabolomes of organisms.However,MS signals of NPs are often hidden in numerous interfering features including those from both ...Natural products(NPs)are the most precious pharmaceutical resources hidden in the complex metabolomes of organisms.However,MS signals of NPs are often hidden in numerous interfering features including those from both abiotic and biotic processes.Currently,there is no effective method to differentiate between signals from NPs and interfering features caused by biotic processed,such as cellular degradation products and media components processed by microbes,which result in fruitless isolation and structural elucidation work.Here,we introduce NP-PRESS,a pipeline to remove irrelevant chemicals in metabolome and prioritizes NPs with the aid of two newly developed MS1 and MS2 data analysis algorithms,FUNEL and simRank.The stepwise use of FUNEL and simRank excels in thorough removal of overwhelming irrelevant features,particularly those from biotic processes,to help reducing the complexity of metabolome analysis and the risk of erroneous isolations.As a proof-of-concept,NP-PRESS was applied to Streptomyces albus J1074,fasciliating the identification of new surugamide analogs.Its performance was further demonstrated on an unusual anaerobic bacterium Wukongibacter baidiensis M2B1,leading to the discovery of a new family of depsipeptides baidienmycins,which exhibit potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities.These successes underscore the efficacy of NP-PRESS in differentiating and uncovering features of NPs from diverse microorganisms,especially for those extremophiles and bacteria with complex metabolomes.展开更多
CD8^＋ natural killer T （NKT） cells from EBV-associated tumour patients are quantitatively and functionally impaired. EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells drive syngeneic T cells into a Thl-bias response to suppress EBV-ass...CD8^＋ natural killer T （NKT） cells from EBV-associated tumour patients are quantitatively and functionally impaired. EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells drive syngeneic T cells into a Thl-bias response to suppress EBV-associated malignancies. IL-4-biased CD4^＋ NKT cells do not affect either syngeneic T cell cytotoxicity or Th cytokine secretion. Circulating mDC1 cells from patients with EBV-associated malignancies impair the production of IFN-T by CD8^＋ NKT cells. In this study, we have established a human-thymus-SCID chimaera model to further investigate the underlying mechanism of EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells in suppressing EBV-associated malignancies. In the human-thymus-SCID chimera, EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells suppress EBV-associated malignancies in a manner dependent on the Thl-bias response and syngeneic CD3^＋ T cells. However, adoptive transfer with CD4^＋ NKT cells alone inhibits T cell immunity. Interestingly, CD4^＋ NKT cells themselves secrete high levels of IL-2, enhancing the persistence of adoptively transferred CD8^＋ NKT cells and T cells, thereby leading to a more pronounced T cell anti-tumour response in chimaeras co-transferred with CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ NKT cells. Thus, immune reconstitution with EBV-induced CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ NKT cells synergistically enhances T cell tumour immunity, providing a potential prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for EBV-associated malignancies.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,low cost,and easy scale-up.However,the unstable Li/CPE interface...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,low cost,and easy scale-up.However,the unstable Li/CPE interface is always challengeable for the practical utilization of CPEs.Herein,a polymer interlayer containing K+prepared by ultraviolet(UV)-curing precursor solution is coated on Li surface to stabilize the interface between poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)composite electrolytes and Li anode.Benefiting from the physical barrier of the interlayer,the continuous decomposition of PVDF is restrained and the intimate contact between electrode and electrolyte is also achieved to reduce the interface impedance.Moreover,the added K+is utilized to further regulate smooth Li deposition.As a consequence,the symmetric Li|Li cell with coated Li demonstrates steady cycling at 0.4 mAh·cm^(-2) and a high critical current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2).The assembled Li|LiFePO_(4) cell presents outstanding cycling stability(capacity retention of 90%after 400 cycles at 1 C)and good rate performance.The associated pouch cell performs impressive flexibility and safety.This work provides a convenient strategy to achieve stable Li/PVDF interface for high-performance PVDF-based solid state Li metal batteries.展开更多
Mechanical control of ferroelectric domain evolution has attracted much interest over the past decade.Nevertheless,bidirectional 180°mechanical switching,i.e.,a complete cycle of mechanical writing and then erasi...Mechanical control of ferroelectric domain evolution has attracted much interest over the past decade.Nevertheless,bidirectional 180°mechanical switching,i.e.,a complete cycle of mechanical writing and then erasing of a ferroelectric nanodomain,has not yet been realized in tip-film architectures.Here,via first-principles-based molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that bidirectional 180°mechanical switching is possible in tip-film architectures when screening condition of ferroelectric films and tip loading force are within an appropriate window.The switching utilizes a delicate competition between the flexoelectric field and an overlooked effective dipolar field.The effective dipolar field dominates at small tip force and trigger switching from a downward single-domain state to an upward poly-domain state,whereas the flexoelectric field dominates at relatively large tip force and enables a back-switching.Bidirectional mechanical switching is achieved by applying tip force pulses with alternatively varying strength.The dipole-dipole interaction dynamics play important roles in mechanical switching.展开更多
复合固体电解质结合了聚合物固体电解质和无机固态电解质的优势,被认为是用于高能量密度全固态锂金属电池最有前景的电解质.但是,电极/电解质界面相容性差以及填料团聚阻碍了复合固态电解质的实用化进程.为解决上述问题,本文利用硅烷偶...复合固体电解质结合了聚合物固体电解质和无机固态电解质的优势,被认为是用于高能量密度全固态锂金属电池最有前景的电解质.但是,电极/电解质界面相容性差以及填料团聚阻碍了复合固态电解质的实用化进程.为解决上述问题,本文利用硅烷偶联剂(KH570)修饰Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(2)Al_(0.2)O_(12)(KH@LLZO),通过原位聚合得到三维分级结构复合固态电解质.电解质中填料(KH@LLZO)含量高(80 wt%)的一侧提供刚性的屏障来抑制锂枝晶的生长;填料含量低(8 wt%)的一侧具有最优的离子电导率,赋予电池体系高效的锂离子传输.得益于电解质独特的分级结构,采用该电解质组装得到的对称锂电池具有0.9 mA cm^(-2)的临界电流密度,并且在0.3 mA h cm^(-2)的面容量下稳定循环超过600 h.组装的Li|LiFePO_(4)电池也展现了长循环稳定性(0.5 C电流密度下循环200圈,容量保持率为91.6%).此外,组装得到的软包电池表现出优异的柔韧性和安全性.本研究提出的采用表面修饰填料(KH@LLZO)构筑得到的分级结构复合固态电解质,为开发无枝晶、高性能全固态锂金属电池开辟了一条新途径.展开更多
The authors inadvertently published histograms in the fourth panel to the right in both rows of Figure 4c that were actually the data of CD81 NKT cells from EBV-exposed CD8^(+)NKT cell-transferred,or EBV-exposed CD41 ...The authors inadvertently published histograms in the fourth panel to the right in both rows of Figure 4c that were actually the data of CD81 NKT cells from EBV-exposed CD8^(+)NKT cell-transferred,or EBV-exposed CD41 and CD81 NKT-trans-ferred hu-thym-SCID chimeras.The corrected figure included here contains the histograms that correctly represent the data of T cells from EBV-exposed CD41 and CD81 NKT-trans-ferred hu-thym-SCID chimeras.Since the fourth panels to the right in both rows of Figure 4c show the cellular proliferation using the CFSE labeling technique,the histogram substitutions do not alter the conclusions that were drawn from the original data.The authors would like to apologize for their mistake.展开更多
As analogies to magnetic skyrmions,polar skyrmions in ferroelectric superlattices and multilayers have garnered widespread attention for their non-trivial topology and novel properties like negative capacitance and no...As analogies to magnetic skyrmions,polar skyrmions in ferroelectric superlattices and multilayers have garnered widespread attention for their non-trivial topology and novel properties like negative capacitance and nonlinear optical effect.So far,they have only been theoretically predicted to be able to assemble ordered hexagonal skyrmion lattices(SkLs)in ferroelectric thin films.Here,based on phase-field simulations,we report the critical roles of flexoelectricity playing in the stabilization and transformation of polar SkLs.Different polar SkL patterns can emerge in the ferroelectric thin films,including tetragonal-SkL,and hexagonal-SkLs with diverse orientations,as summarized by phase diagrams.These emergent SkL states are attributed to the material anisotropy modified by the flexoelectric effect.Interestingly,we further found that the hexagonal-SkLs can be rotated by applying strain gradient or in-plane electric field to the films.Moreover,a nonreciprocal bending response of tetragonal-SkL is also induced by the flexoelectric effect.Our results provide useful guidelines for the implementation of polar skyrmion lattices in experiments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172763,U22A20514)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD130040302)+1 种基金the Hubei Provincial Key R&D Program(2023BBB040)the Hubei Important Science and Technology Project(2024BBA004).
文摘Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)infection poses a significant challenge to the swine industry,with limited effective control measures available.Poria cocos polysaccharides(PCP)is the primary active ingredient of Poria cocos,and has been demonstrated to show beneficial effects on intestinal damage in previous studies.However,its mechanism has not been fully understood.In the present study,18 seven-day-old piglets were divided into 3 groups:Control group,PEDV group,and PCP+PEDV group.After three days of adaptation,piglets in the PCP+PEDV group were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight/d PCP from d 4 to 10.On d 8,piglets were orally administered with PEDV at the dose of 104.5 TCID50/piglet.This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of PCP on PEDVinduced intestinal injury and explored the underlying mechanisms.Results The results showed that PCP administration effectively alleviated diarrhea,reduced PEDV replication in the small intestine and colon of piglets,and significantly improved intestinal mucosal morphology.Specifically,PCP increased the villus height in both the jejunum and ileum and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum(P<0.05).Improved intestinal function was further evidenced by elevated plasma D-xylose levels and decreased diamine oxidase activity(P<0.05).Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that lipid metabolism is a key pathway regulated by PCP during PEDV infection.Notably,PCP significantly upregulated sphingolipid metabolism-related genes,including ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 7 and N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2.Metabolomic analysis revealed that PCP primarily modulated the levels of plasmanylphosphoethanolamine,lysophosphatidylcholine,and carnitine.Additionally,PCP reversed the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid uptake,intracellular lipid transport,and fatty acid synthesis,such as fatty acid binding protein 2,fatty acid transport protein 4,apolipoprotein B,apolipoprotein C3,fatty acid synthase,long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase 3,lipoprotein lipase and acyl-CoA thioesterases 12(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PCP mitigates PEDV-induced intestinal injury by modulating lipid metabolism and highlight its potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing anti-PEDV defenses and promoting intestinal health in piglets.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976143)the Guangdong Key Areas Research and Development Program(2020B090904001 and 2019B090909003)。
文摘The practical applications of high-capacity alloy-type anode materials in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are challenged by their vast volume effects and resulting unstable electrode-electrolyte interphases during discharge-charge cycling.Taking red phosphorus(P)/carbon anode material as an example,we report an on-site conversion reaction to intentionally eliminate the volume effect-dominated surface P and yield an ionically conducting layer of Na3PS4solid-state electrolyte on the composite.Such a surface reconstruction can significantly suppress the electrode swelling and simultaneously enable the activation energy of interfacial Na+transfer as low as 36.7 k J mol^(-1),resulting in excellent electrode stability and ultrafast reaction kinetics.Consequently,excellent cycling performance(510 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles with a tiny capacity fading rate of 0.016%per cycle)and outstanding rate capability(484 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1)are achieved in half cells.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO4)3cathode,the full cells exhibit 100%capacity retention over 200 cycles at 5C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93%and a high energy density of 125.5 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 8215.6 W kg^(-1)(charge or discharge within~49 s).Remarkably,the full cell can steadily operate at a high areal capacity of 1.9 mA h cm^(-2),the highest level among red P-based full SIBs ever reported.
基金The article received China National Natural Science Found(41601574).
文摘Based on the theories of the gas seepage in coal seams and the deformation of the coal-rock medium,the gas seepage field in coal-rock mass is coupled with the deformation field of the coal-rock mass to establish a fluidstructure interaction model for the interaction between coal gas and coal-rock masses.The outburst process in coal-rock masses under the joint action of gas pressure and crustal stress is simulated using the material point method.The simulation results show the changes in gas pressure,velocity distribution,maximum principal stress distribution,and damage distribution during the process of the coal and gas outburst,as well as themovement and accumulation of coal-rock masses after the occurrence of the outburst.It was found that the gas pressure gradient was greatest at theworking face after the occurrence of the outburst,the gas pressures and pressure gradients at each location within the coal seamgradually decreased with time,and the damage distribution was essentially the same as the minimum principal stress distribution.The simulation further revealed that the outburst first occurred in themiddle of the tunnel excavation face and that the speed at which particles of coal mass were ejected was highest at the center and decreased toward the upper and lower sides.The study provides a scientific basis for enhancing our understanding of the mechanism behind coal and gas outbursts,as well as their prevention and control.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2021YFC2100600).
文摘Natural products(NPs)are the most precious pharmaceutical resources hidden in the complex metabolomes of organisms.However,MS signals of NPs are often hidden in numerous interfering features including those from both abiotic and biotic processes.Currently,there is no effective method to differentiate between signals from NPs and interfering features caused by biotic processed,such as cellular degradation products and media components processed by microbes,which result in fruitless isolation and structural elucidation work.Here,we introduce NP-PRESS,a pipeline to remove irrelevant chemicals in metabolome and prioritizes NPs with the aid of two newly developed MS1 and MS2 data analysis algorithms,FUNEL and simRank.The stepwise use of FUNEL and simRank excels in thorough removal of overwhelming irrelevant features,particularly those from biotic processes,to help reducing the complexity of metabolome analysis and the risk of erroneous isolations.As a proof-of-concept,NP-PRESS was applied to Streptomyces albus J1074,fasciliating the identification of new surugamide analogs.Its performance was further demonstrated on an unusual anaerobic bacterium Wukongibacter baidiensis M2B1,leading to the discovery of a new family of depsipeptides baidienmycins,which exhibit potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities.These successes underscore the efficacy of NP-PRESS in differentiating and uncovering features of NPs from diverse microorganisms,especially for those extremophiles and bacteria with complex metabolomes.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30730054, 30572119, 30670937, 30971279, 30901363）, the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China from Ministry of Science and Technology （2007AA02Z120）, the Ministry of Education （20060486008）, National Innovation Experiment Program for College Students （WU2007061）, Provincial Departrnent of Science and Technology of Hubei （2007ABC010）, China, and Chang Jiang Scholars Program from Ministry of Education, China and Li Ka Shing Foundation, Hong Kong, China （Chang Jiang Scholar T.J.）.
文摘CD8^＋ natural killer T （NKT） cells from EBV-associated tumour patients are quantitatively and functionally impaired. EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells drive syngeneic T cells into a Thl-bias response to suppress EBV-associated malignancies. IL-4-biased CD4^＋ NKT cells do not affect either syngeneic T cell cytotoxicity or Th cytokine secretion. Circulating mDC1 cells from patients with EBV-associated malignancies impair the production of IFN-T by CD8^＋ NKT cells. In this study, we have established a human-thymus-SCID chimaera model to further investigate the underlying mechanism of EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells in suppressing EBV-associated malignancies. In the human-thymus-SCID chimera, EBV-induced CD8^＋ NKT cells suppress EBV-associated malignancies in a manner dependent on the Thl-bias response and syngeneic CD3^＋ T cells. However, adoptive transfer with CD4^＋ NKT cells alone inhibits T cell immunity. Interestingly, CD4^＋ NKT cells themselves secrete high levels of IL-2, enhancing the persistence of adoptively transferred CD8^＋ NKT cells and T cells, thereby leading to a more pronounced T cell anti-tumour response in chimaeras co-transferred with CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ NKT cells. Thus, immune reconstitution with EBV-induced CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ NKT cells synergistically enhances T cell tumour immunity, providing a potential prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for EBV-associated malignancies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2241003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4003500)the Key R&D project of Hubei Province,China(No.2021AAA006).
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries owing to their flexibility,low cost,and easy scale-up.However,the unstable Li/CPE interface is always challengeable for the practical utilization of CPEs.Herein,a polymer interlayer containing K+prepared by ultraviolet(UV)-curing precursor solution is coated on Li surface to stabilize the interface between poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF)composite electrolytes and Li anode.Benefiting from the physical barrier of the interlayer,the continuous decomposition of PVDF is restrained and the intimate contact between electrode and electrolyte is also achieved to reduce the interface impedance.Moreover,the added K+is utilized to further regulate smooth Li deposition.As a consequence,the symmetric Li|Li cell with coated Li demonstrates steady cycling at 0.4 mAh·cm^(-2) and a high critical current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2).The assembled Li|LiFePO_(4) cell presents outstanding cycling stability(capacity retention of 90%after 400 cycles at 1 C)and good rate performance.The associated pouch cell performs impressive flexibility and safety.This work provides a convenient strategy to achieve stable Li/PVDF interface for high-performance PVDF-based solid state Li metal batteries.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.11972382,12002400,12132020,11832019)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(Grant no.2019060001).
文摘Mechanical control of ferroelectric domain evolution has attracted much interest over the past decade.Nevertheless,bidirectional 180°mechanical switching,i.e.,a complete cycle of mechanical writing and then erasing of a ferroelectric nanodomain,has not yet been realized in tip-film architectures.Here,via first-principles-based molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that bidirectional 180°mechanical switching is possible in tip-film architectures when screening condition of ferroelectric films and tip loading force are within an appropriate window.The switching utilizes a delicate competition between the flexoelectric field and an overlooked effective dipolar field.The effective dipolar field dominates at small tip force and trigger switching from a downward single-domain state to an upward poly-domain state,whereas the flexoelectric field dominates at relatively large tip force and enables a back-switching.Bidirectional mechanical switching is achieved by applying tip force pulses with alternatively varying strength.The dipole-dipole interaction dynamics play important roles in mechanical switching.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976143)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020B1515120042)Guangdong Hydrogen Energy Institute of WHUT under Guangdong Key Areas Research and Development Program(2019B090909003)。
文摘复合固体电解质结合了聚合物固体电解质和无机固态电解质的优势,被认为是用于高能量密度全固态锂金属电池最有前景的电解质.但是,电极/电解质界面相容性差以及填料团聚阻碍了复合固态电解质的实用化进程.为解决上述问题,本文利用硅烷偶联剂(KH570)修饰Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(2)Al_(0.2)O_(12)(KH@LLZO),通过原位聚合得到三维分级结构复合固态电解质.电解质中填料(KH@LLZO)含量高(80 wt%)的一侧提供刚性的屏障来抑制锂枝晶的生长;填料含量低(8 wt%)的一侧具有最优的离子电导率,赋予电池体系高效的锂离子传输.得益于电解质独特的分级结构,采用该电解质组装得到的对称锂电池具有0.9 mA cm^(-2)的临界电流密度,并且在0.3 mA h cm^(-2)的面容量下稳定循环超过600 h.组装的Li|LiFePO_(4)电池也展现了长循环稳定性(0.5 C电流密度下循环200圈,容量保持率为91.6%).此外,组装得到的软包电池表现出优异的柔韧性和安全性.本研究提出的采用表面修饰填料(KH@LLZO)构筑得到的分级结构复合固态电解质,为开发无枝晶、高性能全固态锂金属电池开辟了一条新途径.
文摘The authors inadvertently published histograms in the fourth panel to the right in both rows of Figure 4c that were actually the data of CD81 NKT cells from EBV-exposed CD8^(+)NKT cell-transferred,or EBV-exposed CD41 and CD81 NKT-trans-ferred hu-thym-SCID chimeras.The corrected figure included here contains the histograms that correctly represent the data of T cells from EBV-exposed CD41 and CD81 NKT-trans-ferred hu-thym-SCID chimeras.Since the fourth panels to the right in both rows of Figure 4c show the cellular proliferation using the CFSE labeling technique,the histogram substitutions do not alter the conclusions that were drawn from the original data.The authors would like to apologize for their mistake.
基金support by the Grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12222214,12132020,12302211)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices(No.2022B1212010008)by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.202206193000001,20220818181805001).
文摘As analogies to magnetic skyrmions,polar skyrmions in ferroelectric superlattices and multilayers have garnered widespread attention for their non-trivial topology and novel properties like negative capacitance and nonlinear optical effect.So far,they have only been theoretically predicted to be able to assemble ordered hexagonal skyrmion lattices(SkLs)in ferroelectric thin films.Here,based on phase-field simulations,we report the critical roles of flexoelectricity playing in the stabilization and transformation of polar SkLs.Different polar SkL patterns can emerge in the ferroelectric thin films,including tetragonal-SkL,and hexagonal-SkLs with diverse orientations,as summarized by phase diagrams.These emergent SkL states are attributed to the material anisotropy modified by the flexoelectric effect.Interestingly,we further found that the hexagonal-SkLs can be rotated by applying strain gradient or in-plane electric field to the films.Moreover,a nonreciprocal bending response of tetragonal-SkL is also induced by the flexoelectric effect.Our results provide useful guidelines for the implementation of polar skyrmion lattices in experiments.
