Quickly and accurately obtaining the internal temperature distribution of a transformer plays a key role in predicting its operating conditions and simplifying the maintenance process.A reasonable equivalent thermal c...Quickly and accurately obtaining the internal temperature distribution of a transformer plays a key role in predicting its operating conditions and simplifying the maintenance process.A reasonable equivalent thermal circuit model is a relatively reliable method of obtaining the internal temperature distribution.However,thermal circuit models without targeted consideration of operating conditions and parameter corrections usually limit the accuracy of the results.This paper proposed a five-node transient thermal circuit model with the introduction of nonlinear thermal resistance,which considered the internal structure and winding layout of the core-type high-frequency transformer.The Nusselt number,a crucial variable in heat convection calculations and directly related to the accuracy of thermal resistance parameters,was calibrated on the basis of the distribution of external cooling air.After parameter calibration,the maximum computational error of the hotspot temperature is reduced by 5.48%compared with that of the uncalibrated model.Finally,an experimental platform for temperature monitoring was established to validate the five-node model and its ability to track the temperature change at each reference point after calibrating the Nusselt number.展开更多
Host-derived small RNAs are emerging as critical regulators in the dynamic interactions between host tissues and the microbiome,with implications for microbial pathogenesis and host defense.Among these,transfer RNA-de...Host-derived small RNAs are emerging as critical regulators in the dynamic interactions between host tissues and the microbiome,with implications for microbial pathogenesis and host defense.Among these,transfer RNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)have garnered attention for their roles in modulating microbial behavior.However,the bacterial factors mediating tsRNA interaction and functionality remain poorly understood.In this study,using RNA affinity pull-down assay in combination with mass spectrometry,we identified a putative membrane-bound protein,annotated as P-type ATPase transporter(PtaT)in Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn),which binds Fn-targeting tsRNAs in a sequence-specific manner.Through targeted mutagenesis and phenotypic characterization,we showed that in both the Fn type strain and a clinical tumor isolate,deletion of ptaT led to reduced tsRNA intake and enhanced resistance to tsRNA-induced growth inhibition.Global RNA sequencing and label-free Raman spectroscopy revealed the phenotypic differences between Fn wild type and PtaT-deficient mutant,highlighting the functional significance of PtaT in purine and pyrimidine metabolism.Furthermore,AlphaFold 3 prediction provides evidence supporting the specific binding between PtaT and Fn-targeting tsRNA.By uncovering the first RNA-binding protein in Fn implicated in growth modulation through interactions with host-derived small RNAs(sRNAs),our study offers new insights into sRNA-mediated host-pathogen interplay within the context of microbiome-host interactions.展开更多
Quantum circuit fidelity is a crucial metric for assessing the accuracy of quantum computation results and indicating the precision of quantum algorithm execution. The primary methods for assessing quantum circuit fid...Quantum circuit fidelity is a crucial metric for assessing the accuracy of quantum computation results and indicating the precision of quantum algorithm execution. The primary methods for assessing quantum circuit fidelity include direct fidelity estimation and mirror circuit fidelity estimation. The former is challenging to implement in practice, while the latter requires substantial classical computational resources and numerous experimental runs. In this paper, we propose a fidelity estimation method based on Layer Interleaved Randomized Benchmarking, which decomposes a complex quantum circuit into multiple sublayers. By independently evaluating the fidelity of each layer, one can comprehensively assess the performance of the entire quantum circuit. This layered evaluation strategy not only enhances accuracy but also effectively identifies and analyzes errors in specific quantum gates or qubits through independent layer evaluation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method improves circuit fidelity by an average of 6.8% and 4.1% compared to Layer Randomized Benchmarking and Interleaved Randomized Benchmarking methods in a thermal relaxation noise environment, and by 40% compared to Layer RB in a bit-flip noise environment. Moreover, the method detects preset faulty quantum gates in circuits generated by the Munich Quantum Toolkit Benchmark, verifying the model’s validity and providing a new tool for faulty gate detection in quantum circuits.展开更多
Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).However,it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of...Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).However,it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters.To address this issue,we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations,δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-H_(2)O,relative water column stability(RWCS),and related environmental factors in a subtropical eutrophic reservoir(Hongfeng Reservoir,HFR),Southwest China.We found that denitrification was the most important nitrogen transformation process in the HFR and that higher denitrification intensity was associated with increased RWCS in summer,which suggested hydrological control of the denitrification process.In contrast,low RWCS conditions favored the nitrification process in the HFR in winter.Additionally,dissolved oxygen(DO;p<0.05)and nitrate concentrations(p<0.01)had significant impacts on the denitrification rate.We also found that the spatiotemporal RWCS variations were a prerequisite for regulating DO/nitrate stratification and the coupling/decoupling of nitrification-denitrification at the local and global scales.This study would advances our knowledge of the impacts of RWCS and thermal stratification on nitrogen transformation processes in reservoirs.展开更多
In order to achieve fast and quantitative detection of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip,a rapid detection system based on smartphone has been developed.In this system,fluorescent signal from quantum dots(QDs)on...In order to achieve fast and quantitative detection of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip,a rapid detection system based on smartphone has been developed.In this system,fluorescent signal from quantum dots(QDs)on lateral flow test strips(LFTSs)can be accurately extracted,and the system also can calculate the concentration of the analyte.The method of extraction and recognition of fluorescence signal intensity can be applied to different fluorescent chip detection systems.Based on the fluorescence tomography chip image,a specific program is used for image acquisition,processing and data handling.The Sobel operator algorithm was used in the software,which improved greatly the ability of distinguishing between the test area and the background boundary information.Extracting the components from the red format of the fluorescent strips,the high-signal intensity and sensitivity were achieved.The simulation results show that the proposed method can be applied to the detection system of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip.The experimental results show that the signal intensity has a good correlation with the concentration of immunoassay,which indicates the detection system can extract the intensity of fluorescence signal of the chip.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52207180)Xi'an High Voltage Apparatus Research Institute Co.Ltd.(Grant K222301-01)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant 2208085UD18).
文摘Quickly and accurately obtaining the internal temperature distribution of a transformer plays a key role in predicting its operating conditions and simplifying the maintenance process.A reasonable equivalent thermal circuit model is a relatively reliable method of obtaining the internal temperature distribution.However,thermal circuit models without targeted consideration of operating conditions and parameter corrections usually limit the accuracy of the results.This paper proposed a five-node transient thermal circuit model with the introduction of nonlinear thermal resistance,which considered the internal structure and winding layout of the core-type high-frequency transformer.The Nusselt number,a crucial variable in heat convection calculations and directly related to the accuracy of thermal resistance parameters,was calibrated on the basis of the distribution of external cooling air.After parameter calibration,the maximum computational error of the hotspot temperature is reduced by 5.48%compared with that of the uncalibrated model.Finally,an experimental platform for temperature monitoring was established to validate the five-node model and its ability to track the temperature change at each reference point after calibrating the Nusselt number.
基金supported by NSF 2333230 (J.L.),NIH National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) awards,DE030943 (X.H.),DE023810 (X.H.) and DE031329 (J.L.),T90 DE026110,and K99 DE033794 (to P.-T.D.)
文摘Host-derived small RNAs are emerging as critical regulators in the dynamic interactions between host tissues and the microbiome,with implications for microbial pathogenesis and host defense.Among these,transfer RNA-derived small RNAs(tsRNAs)have garnered attention for their roles in modulating microbial behavior.However,the bacterial factors mediating tsRNA interaction and functionality remain poorly understood.In this study,using RNA affinity pull-down assay in combination with mass spectrometry,we identified a putative membrane-bound protein,annotated as P-type ATPase transporter(PtaT)in Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn),which binds Fn-targeting tsRNAs in a sequence-specific manner.Through targeted mutagenesis and phenotypic characterization,we showed that in both the Fn type strain and a clinical tumor isolate,deletion of ptaT led to reduced tsRNA intake and enhanced resistance to tsRNA-induced growth inhibition.Global RNA sequencing and label-free Raman spectroscopy revealed the phenotypic differences between Fn wild type and PtaT-deficient mutant,highlighting the functional significance of PtaT in purine and pyrimidine metabolism.Furthermore,AlphaFold 3 prediction provides evidence supporting the specific binding between PtaT and Fn-targeting tsRNA.By uncovering the first RNA-binding protein in Fn implicated in growth modulation through interactions with host-derived small RNAs(sRNAs),our study offers new insights into sRNA-mediated host-pathogen interplay within the context of microbiome-host interactions.
文摘Quantum circuit fidelity is a crucial metric for assessing the accuracy of quantum computation results and indicating the precision of quantum algorithm execution. The primary methods for assessing quantum circuit fidelity include direct fidelity estimation and mirror circuit fidelity estimation. The former is challenging to implement in practice, while the latter requires substantial classical computational resources and numerous experimental runs. In this paper, we propose a fidelity estimation method based on Layer Interleaved Randomized Benchmarking, which decomposes a complex quantum circuit into multiple sublayers. By independently evaluating the fidelity of each layer, one can comprehensively assess the performance of the entire quantum circuit. This layered evaluation strategy not only enhances accuracy but also effectively identifies and analyzes errors in specific quantum gates or qubits through independent layer evaluation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method improves circuit fidelity by an average of 6.8% and 4.1% compared to Layer Randomized Benchmarking and Interleaved Randomized Benchmarking methods in a thermal relaxation noise environment, and by 40% compared to Layer RB in a bit-flip noise environment. Moreover, the method detects preset faulty quantum gates in circuits generated by the Munich Quantum Toolkit Benchmark, verifying the model’s validity and providing a new tool for faulty gate detection in quantum circuits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1612442)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0601000)。
文摘Reservoirs are regarded as hotspots of nitrogen transformation and potential sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).However,it remains unclear how the hydrological conditions due to dam construction control the processes of nitrogen transformation in reservoir waters.To address this issue,we examined the spatial-temporal characteristics of nitrate concentrations,δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-),δ^(18)O-H_(2)O,relative water column stability(RWCS),and related environmental factors in a subtropical eutrophic reservoir(Hongfeng Reservoir,HFR),Southwest China.We found that denitrification was the most important nitrogen transformation process in the HFR and that higher denitrification intensity was associated with increased RWCS in summer,which suggested hydrological control of the denitrification process.In contrast,low RWCS conditions favored the nitrification process in the HFR in winter.Additionally,dissolved oxygen(DO;p<0.05)and nitrate concentrations(p<0.01)had significant impacts on the denitrification rate.We also found that the spatiotemporal RWCS variations were a prerequisite for regulating DO/nitrate stratification and the coupling/decoupling of nitrification-denitrification at the local and global scales.This study would advances our knowledge of the impacts of RWCS and thermal stratification on nitrogen transformation processes in reservoirs.
基金support by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.81571835,61503246,81672247 and 81671737)National Key Basic Research Program(973 Project)(No.2015CB931802)+1 种基金the 863 High-Tech Project of China(No.2014AA020700)Shanghai Science and Technology Fund(No.13NM1401500 and 15DZ2252000).
文摘In order to achieve fast and quantitative detection of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip,a rapid detection system based on smartphone has been developed.In this system,fluorescent signal from quantum dots(QDs)on lateral flow test strips(LFTSs)can be accurately extracted,and the system also can calculate the concentration of the analyte.The method of extraction and recognition of fluorescence signal intensity can be applied to different fluorescent chip detection systems.Based on the fluorescence tomography chip image,a specific program is used for image acquisition,processing and data handling.The Sobel operator algorithm was used in the software,which improved greatly the ability of distinguishing between the test area and the background boundary information.Extracting the components from the red format of the fluorescent strips,the high-signal intensity and sensitivity were achieved.The simulation results show that the proposed method can be applied to the detection system of fluorescence immunochromatographic chip.The experimental results show that the signal intensity has a good correlation with the concentration of immunoassay,which indicates the detection system can extract the intensity of fluorescence signal of the chip.
