Objective and Impact Statement.Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases.Introduction.Tradition...Objective and Impact Statement.Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases.Introduction.Traditional thermal sensors allow measurements at surfaces or at near-surface regions of the skin or of certain body cavities.Evaluations at depth require implanted devices connected to external readout electronics via physical interfaces that lead to risks for infection and movement constraints for the patient.Also,surgical extraction procedures after a period of need can introduce additional risks and costs.Methods.Here,we report a wireless,bioresorbable class of temperature sensor that exploits multilayer photonic cavities,for continuous optical measurements of regional,deep-tissue microenvironments over a timeframe of interest followed by complete clearance via natural body processes.Results.The designs decouple the influence of detection angle from temperature on the reflection spectra,to enable high accuracy in sensing,as supported by in vitro experiments and optical simulations.Studies with devices implanted into subcutaneous tissues of both awake,freely moving and asleep animal models illustrate the applicability of this technology for in vivo measurements.Conclusion.The results demonstrate the use of bioresorbable materials in advanced photonic structures with unique capabilities in tracking of thermal signatures of tissue microenvironments,with potential relevance to human healthcare.展开更多
The concentration of biomarkers in sweat can be used to evaluate human health,making efficient sweat sensing a focus of research.While flow channel design is often used to detect sweat velocity,it is rarely incorporat...The concentration of biomarkers in sweat can be used to evaluate human health,making efficient sweat sensing a focus of research.While flow channel design is often used to detect sweat velocity,it is rarely incorporated into the sensing of biomarkers,limiting the richness of sensing results.In this study,we report a time sequential sensing scheme for uric acid in sweat through a sequential design of Tesla valve channels.Graphene electrodes for detecting uric acid and directional Tesla valve flow channels were fabricated using laser engraving technology to realize time sequential sensing.The performance of the channels was verified through simulation.The time sequential detection of uric acid concentration in sweat can help researchers improve the establishment of human health management systems through flexible wearable devices.展开更多
Handwritten signatures widely exist in our daily lives.The main challenge of signal recognition on handwriting is in the development of approaches to obtain information effectively.External mechanical signals can be e...Handwritten signatures widely exist in our daily lives.The main challenge of signal recognition on handwriting is in the development of approaches to obtain information effectively.External mechanical signals can be easily detected by triboelectric nanogenerators which can provide immediate opportunities for building new types of active sensors capable of recording handwritten signals.In this work,we report an intelligent human-machine interaction interface based on a triboelectric nanogenerator.Using the horizontal-vertical symmetrical electrode array,the handwritten triboelectric signal can be recorded without external energy supply.Combined with supervised machine learning methods,it can successfully recognize handwritten English letters,Chinese characters,and Arabic numerals.The principal component analysis algorithm preprocesses the triboelectric signal data to reduce the complexity of the neural network in the machine learning process.Further,it can realize the anticounterfeiting recognition of writing habits by controlling the samples input to the neural network.The results show that the intelligent human-computer interaction interface has broad application prospects in signature security and humancomputer interaction.展开更多
Flexible wearable sweat sensors allow continuous,real-time,noninvasive detection of sweat analytes,provide insight into human physiology at the molecular level,and have received significant attention for their promisi...Flexible wearable sweat sensors allow continuous,real-time,noninvasive detection of sweat analytes,provide insight into human physiology at the molecular level,and have received significant attention for their promising applications in personalized health monitoring.Electrochemical sensors are the best choice for wearable sweat sensors due to their high performance,low cost,miniaturization,and wide applicability.Recent developments in soft microfluidics,multiplexed biosensing,energy harvesting devices,and materials have advanced the compatibility of wearable electrochemical sweat-sensing platforms.In this review,we summarize the potential of sweat for medical detection and methods for sweat stimulation and collection.This paper provides an overview of the components of wearable sweat sensors and recent developments in materials and power supply technologies and highlights some typical sensing platforms for different types of analytes.Finally,the paper ends with a discussion of the challenges and a view of the prospective development of this exciting field.展开更多
A self-powered system based on energy harvesting technology can be a potential candidate for solving the problem of supplying power to electronic devices. In this review, we focus on portable and wearable self-powered...A self-powered system based on energy harvesting technology can be a potential candidate for solving the problem of supplying power to electronic devices. In this review, we focus on portable and wearable self-powered systems, starting with typical energy harvesting technology, and introduce portable and wearable self-powered systems with sensing functions. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of self-powered systems in actuation functions and the development of self-powered systems toward intelligent functions under the support of information processing and artificial intelligence technologies.展开更多
Recent progress in the synthesis and deterministic assembly of advanced classes of single crystalline inorganic semiconductor nanomaterial establishes a foundation for high-performance electronics on bendable,and even...Recent progress in the synthesis and deterministic assembly of advanced classes of single crystalline inorganic semiconductor nanomaterial establishes a foundation for high-performance electronics on bendable,and even elastomeric,substrates.The results allow for classes of systems with capabilities that cannot be reproduced using conventional wafer-based technologies.Specifically,electronic devices that rely on the unusual shapes/forms/constructs of such semiconductors can offer mechanical properties,such as flexibility and stretchability,traditionally believed to be accessible only via comparatively low-performance organic materials,with superior operational features due to their excellent charge transport characteristics.Specifically,these approaches allow integration of high-performance electronic functionality onto various curvilinear shapes,with linear elastic mechanical responses to large strain deformations,of particular relevance in bio-integrated devices and bio-inspired designs.This review summarizes some recent progress in flexible electronics based on inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials,the key associated design strategies and examples of device components and modules with utility in biomedicine.展开更多
Instead of 1 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication,School of Integrated Circuits,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China.
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are one of the most serious diseases threatening human health in the world.Therefore,effective monitoring and treatment of CVDs are urgently needed.Compared with traditional rigid devices,...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are one of the most serious diseases threatening human health in the world.Therefore,effective monitoring and treatment of CVDs are urgently needed.Compared with traditional rigid devices,nanomaterials based flexible devices open up new opportunities for further development beneficial from the unique properties of nanomaterials which contribute to excellent performance to better prevent and treat CVDs.This review summarizes recent advances of nanomaterials based flexible devices for the monitoring and treatment of CVDs.First,we review the outstanding characteristics of nanomaterials.Next,we introduce flexible devices based on nanomaterials for practical use in CVDs including in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro methods.At last,we make a conclusion and discuss the further development needed for nanomaterials and monitoring and treatment devices to better care CVDs.展开更多
Reconfigurable antennas have attracted significant interest because of their ability to dynamically adjust radiation properties,such as operating frequencies,thereby managing the congested frequency spectrum efficient...Reconfigurable antennas have attracted significant interest because of their ability to dynamically adjust radiation properties,such as operating frequencies,thereby managing the congested frequency spectrum efficiently and minimizing crosstalk.However,existing approaches utilizing switches or advanced materials are limited by their discrete tunability,high static power consumption,or material degradation for long-term usage.In this study,we present a W-band frequency reconfigurable antenna that undergoes a geometric transformation from a two-dimensional(2D)precursor,selectively bonded to a prestretched elastomeric substrate,into a desired 3D layout through controlled compressive buckling.Modeling the buckling process using combined mechanics-electromagnetic finite element analysis(FEA)allows for the rational design of the antenna with desired strains applied to the substrate.By releasing the substrate at varying compression ratios,the antenna reshapes into different 3D configurations,enabling continuous frequency reconfigurability.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the antenna’s resonant frequency can be tuned from 77 GHz in its 2D state to 94 GHz in its 3D state in a folded-dipole-like design.展开更多
基金This work utilized Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility(NUFAB)which is partially supported by Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental(SHyNE)Resource(NSF ECCS-1542205)+3 种基金the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(DMR-1720139)the State of Illinois,and Northwestern University.Y.H.acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation,USA(grant no.CMMI1635443)supported by Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronicssupported by Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA060553 from the National Cancer Institute awarded to the Robert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center.
文摘Objective and Impact Statement.Real-time monitoring of the temperatures of regional tissue microenvironments can serve as the diagnostic basis for treating various health conditions and diseases.Introduction.Traditional thermal sensors allow measurements at surfaces or at near-surface regions of the skin or of certain body cavities.Evaluations at depth require implanted devices connected to external readout electronics via physical interfaces that lead to risks for infection and movement constraints for the patient.Also,surgical extraction procedures after a period of need can introduce additional risks and costs.Methods.Here,we report a wireless,bioresorbable class of temperature sensor that exploits multilayer photonic cavities,for continuous optical measurements of regional,deep-tissue microenvironments over a timeframe of interest followed by complete clearance via natural body processes.Results.The designs decouple the influence of detection angle from temperature on the reflection spectra,to enable high accuracy in sensing,as supported by in vitro experiments and optical simulations.Studies with devices implanted into subcutaneous tissues of both awake,freely moving and asleep animal models illustrate the applicability of this technology for in vivo measurements.Conclusion.The results demonstrate the use of bioresorbable materials in advanced photonic structures with unique capabilities in tracking of thermal signatures of tissue microenvironments,with potential relevance to human healthcare.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0108100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62104009)Experiments on human sweat were conducted in accordance with the approved protocol from the institutional review board at Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing,China(No.M2021610).
文摘The concentration of biomarkers in sweat can be used to evaluate human health,making efficient sweat sensing a focus of research.While flow channel design is often used to detect sweat velocity,it is rarely incorporated into the sensing of biomarkers,limiting the richness of sensing results.In this study,we report a time sequential sensing scheme for uric acid in sweat through a sequential design of Tesla valve channels.Graphene electrodes for detecting uric acid and directional Tesla valve flow channels were fabricated using laser engraving technology to realize time sequential sensing.The performance of the channels was verified through simulation.The time sequential detection of uric acid concentration in sweat can help researchers improve the establishment of human health management systems through flexible wearable devices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project from Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2018YFA0108100 and 2016YFA0202701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61674004).
文摘Handwritten signatures widely exist in our daily lives.The main challenge of signal recognition on handwriting is in the development of approaches to obtain information effectively.External mechanical signals can be easily detected by triboelectric nanogenerators which can provide immediate opportunities for building new types of active sensors capable of recording handwritten signals.In this work,we report an intelligent human-machine interaction interface based on a triboelectric nanogenerator.Using the horizontal-vertical symmetrical electrode array,the handwritten triboelectric signal can be recorded without external energy supply.Combined with supervised machine learning methods,it can successfully recognize handwritten English letters,Chinese characters,and Arabic numerals.The principal component analysis algorithm preprocesses the triboelectric signal data to reduce the complexity of the neural network in the machine learning process.Further,it can realize the anticounterfeiting recognition of writing habits by controlling the samples input to the neural network.The results show that the intelligent human-computer interaction interface has broad application prospects in signature security and humancomputer interaction.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2020YFC2004500,2021YFB3200600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Nos.62073307,61774157,and 81771388)+1 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-019)the CAS Joint Fund for Equipment Preresearch (8091A140106).
文摘Flexible wearable sweat sensors allow continuous,real-time,noninvasive detection of sweat analytes,provide insight into human physiology at the molecular level,and have received significant attention for their promising applications in personalized health monitoring.Electrochemical sensors are the best choice for wearable sweat sensors due to their high performance,low cost,miniaturization,and wide applicability.Recent developments in soft microfluidics,multiplexed biosensing,energy harvesting devices,and materials have advanced the compatibility of wearable electrochemical sweat-sensing platforms.In this review,we summarize the potential of sweat for medical detection and methods for sweat stimulation and collection.This paper provides an overview of the components of wearable sweat sensors and recent developments in materials and power supply technologies and highlights some typical sensing platforms for different types of analytes.Finally,the paper ends with a discussion of the challenges and a view of the prospective development of this exciting field.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Project from the Minister of Science and Technology,China(2016YFA0202701,2018YFA0108100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61674004).
文摘A self-powered system based on energy harvesting technology can be a potential candidate for solving the problem of supplying power to electronic devices. In this review, we focus on portable and wearable self-powered systems, starting with typical energy harvesting technology, and introduce portable and wearable self-powered systems with sensing functions. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of self-powered systems in actuation functions and the development of self-powered systems toward intelligent functions under the support of information processing and artificial intelligence technologies.
基金the Yonsei University Future-leading Research Initiative of 2017(RMS22017-22-00).
文摘Recent progress in the synthesis and deterministic assembly of advanced classes of single crystalline inorganic semiconductor nanomaterial establishes a foundation for high-performance electronics on bendable,and even elastomeric,substrates.The results allow for classes of systems with capabilities that cannot be reproduced using conventional wafer-based technologies.Specifically,electronic devices that rely on the unusual shapes/forms/constructs of such semiconductors can offer mechanical properties,such as flexibility and stretchability,traditionally believed to be accessible only via comparatively low-performance organic materials,with superior operational features due to their excellent charge transport characteristics.Specifically,these approaches allow integration of high-performance electronic functionality onto various curvilinear shapes,with linear elastic mechanical responses to large strain deformations,of particular relevance in bio-integrated devices and bio-inspired designs.This review summarizes some recent progress in flexible electronics based on inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials,the key associated design strategies and examples of device components and modules with utility in biomedicine.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62104009)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0108100).
文摘Instead of 1 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication,School of Integrated Circuits,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0108100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62104009).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are one of the most serious diseases threatening human health in the world.Therefore,effective monitoring and treatment of CVDs are urgently needed.Compared with traditional rigid devices,nanomaterials based flexible devices open up new opportunities for further development beneficial from the unique properties of nanomaterials which contribute to excellent performance to better prevent and treat CVDs.This review summarizes recent advances of nanomaterials based flexible devices for the monitoring and treatment of CVDs.First,we review the outstanding characteristics of nanomaterials.Next,we introduce flexible devices based on nanomaterials for practical use in CVDs including in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro methods.At last,we make a conclusion and discuss the further development needed for nanomaterials and monitoring and treatment devices to better care CVDs.
基金financial support from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KJZD20230923115005009).
文摘Reconfigurable antennas have attracted significant interest because of their ability to dynamically adjust radiation properties,such as operating frequencies,thereby managing the congested frequency spectrum efficiently and minimizing crosstalk.However,existing approaches utilizing switches or advanced materials are limited by their discrete tunability,high static power consumption,or material degradation for long-term usage.In this study,we present a W-band frequency reconfigurable antenna that undergoes a geometric transformation from a two-dimensional(2D)precursor,selectively bonded to a prestretched elastomeric substrate,into a desired 3D layout through controlled compressive buckling.Modeling the buckling process using combined mechanics-electromagnetic finite element analysis(FEA)allows for the rational design of the antenna with desired strains applied to the substrate.By releasing the substrate at varying compression ratios,the antenna reshapes into different 3D configurations,enabling continuous frequency reconfigurability.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the antenna’s resonant frequency can be tuned from 77 GHz in its 2D state to 94 GHz in its 3D state in a folded-dipole-like design.
