Objective: This study aims to quantify the potential impact of controlling major risk factors on liver cancer deaths in China from 2021 to 2050 under various intervention scenarios.Methods: We developed a macro-level ...Objective: This study aims to quantify the potential impact of controlling major risk factors on liver cancer deaths in China from 2021 to 2050 under various intervention scenarios.Methods: We developed a macro-level simulation model based on comparative risk assessment to estimate population attributable fractions and avoidable liver cancer deaths. Risk factor prevalence data were obtained from national surveys and epidemiological estimates. Three intervention scenarios for each risk factor were projected:elimination(Scenario 1), ambitious reduction(Scenario 2), and manageable targets aligned with national/global goals(Scenario 3). The impact of secondary prevention through liver cancer screening at different coverage was evaluated.Results: Between 2021 and 2050, liver cancer deaths in China are projected to reach 9.44 million in males and4.29 million in females. Eliminating hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus could prevent 65.62%(57.47%-73.77%)and 28.47%(24.93%-32.00%) of liver cancer deaths, respectively. Achieving manageable targets in reducing the prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking could prevent 6.57%(5.75%-7.38%) and 0.85%(0.75%-0.96%) of liver cancer deaths, with a more pronounced effect observed in males. Eliminating high body mass index(BMI)could avert 45,000 male and 25,000 female deaths annually by 2050, while diabetes elimination could prevent60,000 male and 21,000 female deaths. Secondary prevention through liver cancer screening with 80% coverage could reduce liver cancer deaths by 3.59%(3.14%-4.04%) for the total population. Combining all interventions under Scenario 1 could prevent up to 88.39%(76.65%-99.81%) of male and 77.80%(67.42%-87.88%) of female liver cancer deaths by 2050.Conclusions: Comprehensive risk factor control could prevent over 80% of liver cancer deaths in China by2050. Secondary prevention through screening may offer modest additional benefits. These findings provide strong quantitative support for targeted, evidence-based interventions and underscore the need for policy action to address key risk factors.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global burden of esophageal cancer(EC)and determine the temporal trends and factors influencing changes in the global burden.Methods:The latest inc...Objective:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global burden of esophageal cancer(EC)and determine the temporal trends and factors influencing changes in the global burden.Methods:The latest incidence and mortality data for EC worldwide were obtained from GLOBALCAN 2022.The mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)rates for EC from 1990±2019 were sourced from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases.Trends in EC mortality and DALYs attributable to 11 risk factors or clusters of risk were analyzed using the joinpoint regression model.The trends in age-related EC burden were assessed using a decomposition approach.Results:An estimated 511,054 new cases of EC were diagnosed in 2022 with 445,391 deaths worldwide.Approximately 75%of cases and deaths occurred in Asia.Nearly 50%of global EC deaths and DALYs were attributed to tobacco use in men in 2019,while 20%were attributed to high body mass index(BMI)in women.From 1990±2019,EC deaths and DALYs attributable to almost all risk factors had declining trends,while EC deaths and DALYs attributed to high BMI in men had upward trends.The age-related EC burden exhibited an upward trend driven by population growth and aging,which contributed to 307.4 thousand deaths and 7.2 million DALYs due to EC.Conclusions:The EC burden remains substantial worldwide.Effective tobacco and obesity control measures are critical for addressing the risk-attributable burden of EC.Population growth and aging pose challenges for EC prevention and control efforts.展开更多
Objective:The number of liver cancer patients in China accounts for more than half of the world.However,China currently lacks national,multicenter economic burden data,and meanwhile,measuring the differences among dif...Objective:The number of liver cancer patients in China accounts for more than half of the world.However,China currently lacks national,multicenter economic burden data,and meanwhile,measuring the differences among different subgroups will be informative to formulate corresponding policies in liver cancer control.Thus,the aim of the study was to measure the economic burden of liver cancer by various subgroups.Methods:A hospital-based,multicenter and cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2012・2014,covering 39 hospitals and 21 project sites in 13 provinces across China.The questionnaire covers clinical information,sociology,expenditure,and related variables.All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2014 values.Results:A total of 2,223 liver cancer patients were enrolled,of whom 59.61%were late-stage cases(III-IV),and 53.8%were hepatocellular carcinoma.The average total expenditure per liver cancer patient was estimated as 53,220 CNY,including 48,612 CNY of medical expenditures(91.3%)and 4,608 CNY of non-medical expenditures(8.7%).The average total expenditures in stage I,H,m and stage IV were 52,817 CNY,50,877 CNY,50,678 CNY and 54,089 CNY(P>0.05),respectively.Non-medical expenditures including additional meals,additional nutrition care,transportation,accommodation and hired informal nursing were 1,453 CNY,839 CNY,946 CNY,679 CNY and 200 CNY,respectively.The one-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 24,953 CNY,and 77.2%of the patients suffered an unmanageable financial burden.Multivariate analysis showed that overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P<0.05),except for sex,clinical stage,and pathologic type.Conclusions:There was no difference in treatment expenditure for liver cancer patients at different clinical stages,which suggests that maintaining efforts on treatment efficacy improvement is important but not enough.To fiirtherly reduce the overall economic burden from liver cancer,more effort should be given to primary and secondary prevention strategies.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to provide an analysis of the current status and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in China, comparing trends with those in the United States(U.S.).Methods: Data on lung ca...Objective: This study aims to provide an analysis of the current status and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in China, comparing trends with those in the United States(U.S.).Methods: Data on lung cancer incidence and mortality rates spanning 2000 to 2018 were extracted from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for China and the U.S., respectively. Crude incidence and mortality rates were calculated by sex and age, with age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR) and mortality rates(ASMR) calculated using the Segi-Doll world standard population.Trend analyses employed Joinpoint regression models to determine average annual percentage change(AAPC).The study also assessed the proportion of new cases and deaths by sex and age.Results: In 2018, the ASIR of lung cancer for males in China was 50.72 per 100,000 and the ASMR was 39.69 per 100,000, the ASIR for females was 26.25 per 100,000 and the ASMR was 15.24 per 100,000. Both ASIR and ASMR were higher in males and the highest in the population aged 65 years and older, with the lowest among those aged 20-49 years. In China, female ASIR demonstrated an increasing trend(AAPC: 1.16%), while ASMR decreased in both sexes(AAPCs:-0.48% for males,-1.00% for females). The U.S. exhibited decreasing trends in both ASIR and ASMR across sexes and age groups.Conclusions: The study identified an increasing trend in lung cancer incidence among females and a decreasing mortality trend in both sexes in China. These trends are likely linked to factors such as smoking prevalence,advancements in cancer screening, and improved medical care. The findings underscore the need for tailored lung cancer prevention measures in China, particularly the reinforcement of anti-smoking policies.展开更多
Objective: The burden of gastric cancer(GC) across different age groups needs updating. We determined the GC global, regional, and national burden profiles and changes in incidence for 3 sequential 5-year intervals fr...Objective: The burden of gastric cancer(GC) across different age groups needs updating. We determined the GC global, regional, and national burden profiles and changes in incidence for 3 sequential 5-year intervals from 2003 to 2017.Methods: The latest incidence and mortality estimates of GC from 185 countries and regions were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. The 5-year interval age-standardised incidence rates(ASIRs) were evaluated using cancer registry data from volumes X±XII of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents(CI5). Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between ASIR or the age-standardised mortality rate(ASMR) and the Human Development Index(HDI).Results: There was an estimated global 968,000 new GC cases and 660,000 deaths in 2022, with male predominance. GC ASIRs and ASMRs were 9.2 and 6.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. East Asia had the highest burden, with 53.8% of cases and 48.2% of deaths among all geographic regions. There was a significant correlation between ASIR and HDI. Over three 5-year intervals from 2003 to 2017, the incidence of GC notably decreased in most countries but peaked at 2008±2012 in New Zealand, Turkey, and South Africa. Several countries in Europe, Oceania, and America suggest an increasingly concerning trend among younger individuals, especially females.Conclusions: GC is a significant health issue, especially among males and in geographic regions with an HDI, such as eastern Asia. While the incidence of GC is decreasing in many countries due to prevention efforts and improved treatments, a rising trend persists among younger individuals. Comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to different age patterns are clearly needed.展开更多
Objective: Liver cancer is a major health concern globally and in China. This analysis investigated deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) with respect to etiologies and risk factors for liver cancer in Chin...Objective: Liver cancer is a major health concern globally and in China. This analysis investigated deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) with respect to etiologies and risk factors for liver cancer in China and worldwide.Methods: Global and China-specific data were collected on liver cancer deaths, DALYs, and age-standardized rates(ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. Liver cancer etiologies were classified into five groups and risk factors were categorized into three levels. Each proportion of liver cancer burden was calculated in different geographic regions. The joinpoint regression model were used to assess the trends from 1990±2019.Results: Liver cancer accounted for 484,577 deaths worldwide in 2019 with an ASR of 5.9 per 100,000 population. China had an elevated liver cancer death ASR in 2019 and males had an ASR 1.7 times the global rate. The global ASR for DALYs peaked at 75±79 years of age but peaked earlier in China. Hepatitis B virus was the prominent etiology globally(39.5%) and in China(62.5%), followed by hepatitis C virus and alcohol consumption. In high sociodemographic index countries, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has gained an increasing contribution as an etiologic factor. The liver cancer burden due to various etiologies has decreased globally in both genders. However, metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, have had a growing contribution to the liver cancer burden, especially among males.Conclusions: Despite an overall decreasing trend in the liver cancer burden in China and worldwide, there has been a rising contribution from metabolic risk factors, highlighting the importance of implementing targeted prevention and control strategies that address regional and gender disparities.展开更多
Objective:Data on the global,regional and national changes in the trends of colorectal cancer(CRC)are analyzed to understand the trends in its burden,in order to assist policymakers in allocating healthcare resources ...Objective:Data on the global,regional and national changes in the trends of colorectal cancer(CRC)are analyzed to understand the trends in its burden,in order to assist policymakers in allocating healthcare resources and developing prevention and control strategies.Methods:This study analyzed trends in age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for CRC from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database.The trends of burden and effectiveness of control strategies were assessed using jointpoint regression analysis,decomposition analysis and frontier analysis.Results:Globally,the ASMR and age-standardized DALYs for CRC have shown a declining trend,but the ASIR was still increasing.The number of new cases of CRC in 2021 was higher in males than in females,the values were1,263.46 thousands[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1,146.50,1,400.38]vs.930.68 thousands(95%CI:824.67,1,017.65).The change in DALYs was mainly due to population growth(111.42%).The high socio-demographic index(SDI)region had an ASIR of 40.52(95%CI:37.45,42.45),and the low SDI region had an ASIR of 7.39(95%CI:6.65,8.19).The ASIR for CRC showed an upward trend in all SDI regions before age of 40 years.Among the four world regions,only America showed a downward trend in ASIR,with an estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)of-0.62(95%CI:-0.71,-0.53).Among the 204 countries and territories,Netherlands,Monaco,and Bermuda were the top 3 countries with the highest ASIR in 2021.In the frontier analysis of DALYs,the 10 countries(regions)with the longest effective distances all had SDI levels above 0.70.Conclusions:Although ASMR and age-standardized DALYs are declining,ASIR is still increasing globally and in many regions.The burden of CRC varies significantly across the globe,and more targeted screening strategies and prevention measures are needed to address the problem of CRC.展开更多
This study aimed to elucidate the global temporal and geographic characteristics of 29 cancers in older people aged≥65 years,based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The average annual percentage ch...This study aimed to elucidate the global temporal and geographic characteristics of 29 cancers in older people aged≥65 years,based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)were calculated to estimate temporal trends of age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs)and age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs).Globally,there was an increase of 8.52 million cancer cases and 3.16 million cancer deaths among older people from 1990 to 2021.The ASIR of cancers combined presented an annually increased trend(AAPC:0.49%),and regions with high sociodemographic index(SDI)experienced the highest increase(AAPC:0.94%).Over the same period,the ASMR of cancers combined annually decreased(AAPC:-0.40%)globally,whereas regions with low SDI(AAPC:0.32%)and low-middle SDI(AAPC:0.48%)exhibited significantly increased ASMRs.Prostate cancer,lung cancer,and colorectal cancer were the three most common cancers for older people globally,and decreased relative inequalities were observed in higher-SDI countries from 1990 to 2021.For these three cancers,concentration index of ASMR respectively decreased from 0.26 to 0.06,from 0.20 to 0.17,and from 0.24 to 0.18.In contrast,the ASIR and ASMR of these cancers exhibited significant upward trends in lower-SDI regions.Our findings revealed that cancer burden for older people presented disparities globally,where higher-SDI countries faced a greater burden of cancer incidence and lower-SDI countries experienced an upward trend in cancer mortality.More attention should be given to prostate cancer,lung cancer,female breast cancer,and gastrointestinal cancers,especially in lower-SDI regions.展开更多
The authors regret that estimates for new cancer cases(modify 3,246,625 to 4,909,585;modify 2,510,597 to 2,491,868)and cancer deaths(modify 1,699,066 to 2,593,882;modify 640,038 to 633,864)in the abstract,results and ...The authors regret that estimates for new cancer cases(modify 3,246,625 to 4,909,585;modify 2,510,597 to 2,491,868)and cancer deaths(modify 1,699,066 to 2,593,882;modify 640,038 to 633,864)in the abstract,results and discussion section of“Comparative analysis of cancer statistics in China and the United States in 2024”[1]were incorrectly stated.展开更多
Liver cancer remains a significant global health concern,with hepatitis B virus(HBV)as the leading cause.This study aims to systematically evaluate the global epidemiological burden,risk factors,and long-term trends o...Liver cancer remains a significant global health concern,with hepatitis B virus(HBV)as the leading cause.This study aims to systematically evaluate the global epidemiological burden,risk factors,and long-term trends of HBV-related liver cancer.;Data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)study 2021 were used to analyze incidence,deaths,and prevalence rates of HBV-related liver cancer across 204 countries and territories.Age-period-cohort(APC)models were applied to assess age-specific trends,period effects,and cohort impacts on age-standardized disease burden.Pearson correlation analyses examined the relationship between liver cancer burden,the socio-demographic index(SDI),and the universal health coverage(UHC)index.We also evaluated the influence of other concomitant risk factors on HBV-related liver cancer deaths.Projections for future death trends were generated using Bayesian APC models.;In 2021,there were 206,365.7 new cases of HBV-related liver cancer and 181,194.3 deaths worldwide.Between 1990 and 2021,both the global age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)showed an upward trend.The age-standardized death rate(ASDR)declined,particularly in middle SDI countries,where the ASDR dropped by 21.7%.Incidence rates decreased among individuals under 70 years old,while death rates dropped for those under 75 years.Period trends revealed an increase in incidence and deaths from 1995 to 2000,followed by a sharp decline from 2000 to 2010,with death reductions being more pronounced.The downward trend was most notable among birth cohorts from the 1970s onward.A negative correlation was found between the SDI,the UHC,and liver cancer burden.The number of deaths attributable to risk factors increased by 97.8%from 1990 to 2021.Projections indicate a 30.2%reduction in HBV-related liver cancer deaths globally by 2040.;The global burden of HBV-related liver cancer showed significant regional disparities and presented ongoing global health challenges.Socioeconomic factors and healthcare access are closely associated with disease burden.Effective,region-specific interventions are essential to mitigate future HBV-related liver cancer burdens.展开更多
Background:Existing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)prediction models lack transferability and generalizability when applied to female populations,resulting in diminished performance and inadequate tools for accurate HCC...Background:Existing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)prediction models lack transferability and generalizability when applied to female populations,resulting in diminished performance and inadequate tools for accurate HCC risk stratification among females.This study aims to develop and validate a score-based prediction model for early detection of HCC in female hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)carriers.Methods:Participants were recruited from a multicenter prospective cohort engaged in liver cancer screening across China including seven high-risk rural areas and one additional high-risk rural area.The study involved 7080 females as the derivation cohort and 2069 as the validation cohort,with all participants aged 35-70 years and HBsAg positive.Laboratory tests and epidemiological surveys were conducted.Key predictor variables were identified through LASSO regression analysis,and score-based prediction models were developed based on Cox proportional hazards model.Model performance including discrimination and calibration was evaluated,and compared to existing prediction models and screening strategies.Results:After a median follow-up of 3.69 and 5.42 years,147 and 45 HCC cases were identified in the derivation and validation cohorts,respectively.The female HCC(HCCF)model incorporating five independent variables:age,α-fetoprotein(AFP),albumin,alanine aminotransferase,and platelet,showed excellent performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.82(95%CI:0.78-0.86).The HCCF-Enhanced model which included cirrhosis,achieved an AUC of 0.85(95%CI:0.81-0.89).Both models demonstrated superior predictive performance than existing models,with strong predictive accuracy in the validation cohort:AUCs of 0.83(95%CI:0.77-0.89)and 0.88(95%CI:0.83-0.92),respectively.The HCCF model,at a score threshold of 7,achieved the largest Youden’s index and identified 32.80%of high-risk individuals.When combined with ultrasonography(US),the model detected 37 additional cases,significantly improved screening sensitivity and accuracy compared to the traditional AFP plus US strategy.Conclusions:The developed HCCF models with good performance for HCC prediction in HBsAg-positive females significantly improve screening efficiency and provide an effective tool for surveillance,ultimately helping to optimize prevention and management strategies for HCC.展开更多
Cancer is a major public health problem and represents substantial disparities worldwide.This study reported estimates for 36 cancers across 185 countries by incidence,mortality,5-year prevalence,mortality-toprevalenc...Cancer is a major public health problem and represents substantial disparities worldwide.This study reported estimates for 36 cancers across 185 countries by incidence,mortality,5-year prevalence,mortality-toprevalence ratio(MPR),and mortality-to-incidence ratio(MIR)to examine its association with human development index(HDI)and gross national income(GNI).Data were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020.MPR and MIR were calculated by sex,age group,country,and cancer type and then summarized into totals.Segi’s population and global cancer spectrum were used to calculate age-and type-standardized ratios.Correlation analyses were conducted to assess associations.Results showed that breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer globally.Low-and middle-income countries had high MPR and MIR.Cancers of esophagus,pancreas,and liver had the highest ratios.Males and the older population had the highest ratios.HDI and GNI were positively correlated with incidence and mortality but negatively correlated with MPR/MIR.Substantial disparities in cancer burden were observed among 36 cancer types across 185 countries.Socioeconomic development may contribute to narrowing these disparities,and tailored strategies are crucial for regional-and country-specific cancer control.展开更多
Background:Cancer patterns in China are becoming similar to those in the United States(US).Comparing the recent cancer profiles,trends,and determinants in China and the US can provide useful reference data.Methods:Thi...Background:Cancer patterns in China are becoming similar to those in the United States(US).Comparing the recent cancer profiles,trends,and determinants in China and the US can provide useful reference data.Methods:This study used open-source data.We used GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates and United Nations population estimates to calculate cancer cases and deaths in both countries during 2024.Data on cancer incidence and mortality trends were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)program and National Centre for Health Statistics in the US and cancer registry reports of the National Cancer Center(NCC)of China,Data from the Global Burden of Disease study(GBD)and a decomposition approach were used to estimate the contributions of four determinants to the change in cancer deaths.Results:In 2024,there are an estimated 3,246,625 and 2,510,597 new cancer cases and 1,699,066 and 640,038 cancer deaths in China and the US,respectively.The highest estimated cancer cases are lung cancer in China and breast cancer in the US.The age-standardized incidence rates of lung and colorectal cancer in the US,and stomach,liver,and esophageal cancer in China have decreased,but the incidence rates of liver cancer in the US and colorectal cancer,prostate cancer in men,and cervical cancer in women in China have increased.Increases in the adult population size and population aging are main reasons for the increase in cancer deaths;case fatality rates are a main reason for the decrease in cancer deaths in both countries.Conclusions:China has made progress in cancer control but lags the US.Considering the transformation in China's pattern of cancers epidemiology,it is imperative to develop stronger policies by adopting the cancer prevention and control strategies used in the US to address population aging and curb growing cancer trends.展开更多
In this study,adzuki bean peptides were prepared by semi-solid enzymatic hydrolysis(SEH)and their antioxidant and Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory activities and internal absorption were studied.By modif...In this study,adzuki bean peptides were prepared by semi-solid enzymatic hydrolysis(SEH)and their antioxidant and Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory activities and internal absorption were studied.By modifying different enzymatic hydrolysis times and enzyme additions,the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis condition for SEH could be obtained as adzuki bean powder:water=4:1(w/w),alcalase:neutrase=2:1(w/w),enzyme addition 3.75%(w/w),4 h enzymatic hydrolysis at 50℃ and pH=8.Within these hydrolysis conditions,the content of adzuki bean peptides was 11.37%,the OH−scavenging rate of 1 mg/mL peptides was 72.75%,the total antioxidant capacity was 0.88±0.02 mmol/L FeSO4,the ACE inhibition rate was 77.49%.In vivo absorption test proved that the peptides prepared by SEH were absorbed faster and exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared with liquid enzymatic hydrolysis.In conclusion,the process of SEH can improve not only the efficiency of hydrolysis,but also the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity as well as the internal absorption of adzuki bean peptides.展开更多
An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple countries.We aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in China.Data from...An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple countries.We aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in China.Data from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report were used to estimate incidence and mortality among young adults(ages 20–49 years)in China in 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the average annual percent change(AAPC)in incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2017.All 25 cancer types were grouped into obesity-or overweight-associated cancers(12 cancer types)and additional cancers(13 cancer types).In 2017,there were 681,178new cases and 214,591 cancer deaths among young adults in China.Among young adults,the most common cancers were thyroid,breast,cervical,liver,lung,and colorectal cancer,and the leading causes of cancer deaths were liver,lung,cervical,stomach,breast,and colorectal cancer.From 2000 to 2017,the cancer incidence increased for all cancers combined among young adults,with the highest AAPC(1.46%)for adults aged 20–24 years,while cancer mortality decreased,with the highest AAPC(-1.63%)for those aged 35–39 years.In conclusion,the cancer incidence in China has increased among young adults,while cancer mortality has decreased for nearly all ages.Cancer control measures,such as obesity control and appropriate screening,may contribute to reducing the increasing cancer burden among young adults.展开更多
Background:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in China.The target population for HCC screening comprises individuals who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(...Background:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in China.The target population for HCC screening comprises individuals who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg).However,current data on the prevalence of HBV infection among individuals who are eligible for HCC screening in China are lacking.We aimed to assess the seroepidemiology of HBV infection among Chinese individuals eligible for HCC screening to provide the latest evidence for appropriate HCC screening strategies in China.Methods:Questionnaires including information of sex,age,ethnicity,marital status,educational level,source of drinking water,as well as smoking and alcohol consumption history and serum samples were collected from females aged 45-64 years and males aged 35-64 years in 21 counties from 4 provinces in eastern and central China between 2015 and 2023.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to detect the serum HBV marker HBsAg.Results:A total of 603,082 individuals were enrolled,and serum samples were collected for analysis from January 1,2015 to December 31,2023.The prevalence of HBsAg positive in the study population was 5.23%(31,528/603,082).The prevalence of HBsAg positive was greater in males than in females(5.60%[17,660/315,183]vs 4.82%[13,868/287,899],χ^(2)=187.52,P<0.0001).The elderly participants exhibited a greater prevalence of HBV infection than younger participants(χ^(2)=41.73,P<0.0001).Birth cohort analysis revealed an overall downward trend in HBV prevalence for both males and females.Individuals born in more recent cohorts exhibited a lower prevalence of HBV infection as compared to those born earlier.Conclusions:The current prevalence of HBV infection remains above 5%in populations eligible for HCC screening in China.Further efforts should be made to increase the accessibility of HCC screening among individuals with HBV infection.展开更多
Background:Liver cancer remains the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,causing a heavy burden globally.An updated assessment of the global epidemiology ...Background:Liver cancer remains the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,causing a heavy burden globally.An updated assessment of the global epidemiology of the liver cancer burden that addresses geographical disparities is necessary to better understand and promote healthcare delivery.Methods:Data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database,including the number,crude,and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality at the global,country,continent,and human development index(HDI)regional levels.Age-standardized rates(incidence and mortality)per 100,000 person-years were adjusted based on the Segi-Doll World standard population.The mortality-to-incidence ratios(MIR)for each region and country were calculated.The HDI and gross national income(GNI)for 2022 were obtained,and a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted with the incidence,mortality,and MIR.Results:In 2022,approximately 866,136 new liver cancer cases and 758,725 related deaths were recorded worldwide,with a global MIR of 0.86.Males had a disproportionately higher burden than females across all levels,and the highest burden was observed in the elderly population.Geographically,the regions with the highest incidence rates included Micronesia,Eastern Asia,and Northern Africa,and the regions with the highest mortality rates included Northern Africa,Southeastern Asia,Eastern Asia,and Micronesia.Notably,Mongolia had a strikingly high burden compared to other countries.The highest MIR was observed in North America and the lowest in Africa.Negative associations of HDI and GNI with liver cancer mortality and MIR were identified,irrespective of sex.Conclusions:The current liver cancer burden underscores the presence of remarkable geographic heterogeneity,which is particularly evident across countries with varying HDI levels,highlighting the urgent need to prioritize health accessibility and availability to achieve health inequities.展开更多
Our Moon is by far the easiest natural, extraterrestrial celestial object for us to reach, and many space agencies, in particular the China National Space Administration, have publicized plans for manned missions ther...Our Moon is by far the easiest natural, extraterrestrial celestial object for us to reach, and many space agencies, in particular the China National Space Administration, have publicized plans for manned missions there. Such high-profile projects must yield commensurate scientific outputs to justify their cost to the taxpayers. An important criterion for the selection of candidate experiments is the extent to which the Moon plays an integral and irreplaceable role, as opposed to offering only marginal advantages over Earth-orbit, space-based alternatives. In this study, we propose an experiment that excels in this regard, which considers the Moon as part of the experimental apparatus. Specifically, the Moon acts as a Weber bar-style resonant mass that responds to deci-Hertz gravitational waves(GWs). GW-excited lunar vibrations can be picked up by an array of(prefabricated on Earth and easy to transport to the Moon) small laser interferometric seismometers yielding GW detection. Such a setup would plug a gap in the GW frequency range already covered by the existing or underdevelopment detectors, and it can inform us on important astrophysics topics, such as the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia) or intermediate mass black holes. We provide the instrument design as well as its deployment strategy, and we also summarize relevant science cases according to the estimated viable sensitivity.展开更多
This paper"Detecting gravitational wave with an interferometric seismometer array on lunar nearside"[1]was published in SCIENCE CHINA Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy(66,109513(2023),doi:10.1007/s11433-023-21...This paper"Detecting gravitational wave with an interferometric seismometer array on lunar nearside"[1]was published in SCIENCE CHINA Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy(66,109513(2023),doi:10.1007/s11433-023-2179-9).Due to an oversight on our part,some errors were made in the originally published paper.We apologize for these errors and offer the corresponding explanations and corrections for the readers.展开更多
Current gravitational-wave detectors have achieved remarkable sensitivity around 100 Hz,enabling ground-breaking discoveries.Enhancing sensitivity at higher frequencies in the kilohertz(kHz)range promises access to ri...Current gravitational-wave detectors have achieved remarkable sensitivity around 100 Hz,enabling ground-breaking discoveries.Enhancing sensitivity at higher frequencies in the kilohertz(kHz)range promises access to rich physics,particularly the extreme conditions during the merger stage of binary neutron stars.However,the high-frequency sensitivity of Michelson-based interferometers is fundamentally limited by their linear optical cavities,which are optimized for low-frequency signal enhancement.A new configuration employing an L-shaped optical resonator was proposed to overcome this limitation,offering exceptional sensitivity in the kHz band.As a pathfinder,the 12-meter prototype at Beijing Normal University is designed to demonstrate the sensing and control schemes of this new kHz detector configuration and to explore its performance in the high-power regime with suspended optics.Beyond its primary scientific goal,the prototype also offers potential sensitivity in the megahertz(MHz)range,potentially enabling constraints on exotic sources.This paper presents an overview of the prototype,including its optical design and current development status of key components.展开更多
基金supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (No. 2024-1G-4023)。
文摘Objective: This study aims to quantify the potential impact of controlling major risk factors on liver cancer deaths in China from 2021 to 2050 under various intervention scenarios.Methods: We developed a macro-level simulation model based on comparative risk assessment to estimate population attributable fractions and avoidable liver cancer deaths. Risk factor prevalence data were obtained from national surveys and epidemiological estimates. Three intervention scenarios for each risk factor were projected:elimination(Scenario 1), ambitious reduction(Scenario 2), and manageable targets aligned with national/global goals(Scenario 3). The impact of secondary prevention through liver cancer screening at different coverage was evaluated.Results: Between 2021 and 2050, liver cancer deaths in China are projected to reach 9.44 million in males and4.29 million in females. Eliminating hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus could prevent 65.62%(57.47%-73.77%)and 28.47%(24.93%-32.00%) of liver cancer deaths, respectively. Achieving manageable targets in reducing the prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking could prevent 6.57%(5.75%-7.38%) and 0.85%(0.75%-0.96%) of liver cancer deaths, with a more pronounced effect observed in males. Eliminating high body mass index(BMI)could avert 45,000 male and 25,000 female deaths annually by 2050, while diabetes elimination could prevent60,000 male and 21,000 female deaths. Secondary prevention through liver cancer screening with 80% coverage could reduce liver cancer deaths by 3.59%(3.14%-4.04%) for the total population. Combining all interventions under Scenario 1 could prevent up to 88.39%(76.65%-99.81%) of male and 77.80%(67.42%-87.88%) of female liver cancer deaths by 2050.Conclusions: Comprehensive risk factor control could prevent over 80% of liver cancer deaths in China by2050. Secondary prevention through screening may offer modest additional benefits. These findings provide strong quantitative support for targeted, evidence-based interventions and underscore the need for policy action to address key risk factors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82273721)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Grant No.2024-1G-4023)。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the global burden of esophageal cancer(EC)and determine the temporal trends and factors influencing changes in the global burden.Methods:The latest incidence and mortality data for EC worldwide were obtained from GLOBALCAN 2022.The mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)rates for EC from 1990±2019 were sourced from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases.Trends in EC mortality and DALYs attributable to 11 risk factors or clusters of risk were analyzed using the joinpoint regression model.The trends in age-related EC burden were assessed using a decomposition approach.Results:An estimated 511,054 new cases of EC were diagnosed in 2022 with 445,391 deaths worldwide.Approximately 75%of cases and deaths occurred in Asia.Nearly 50%of global EC deaths and DALYs were attributed to tobacco use in men in 2019,while 20%were attributed to high body mass index(BMI)in women.From 1990±2019,EC deaths and DALYs attributable to almost all risk factors had declining trends,while EC deaths and DALYs attributed to high BMI in men had upward trends.The age-related EC burden exhibited an upward trend driven by population growth and aging,which contributed to 307.4 thousand deaths and 7.2 million DALYs due to EC.Conclusions:The EC burden remains substantial worldwide.Effective tobacco and obesity control measures are critical for addressing the risk-attributable burden of EC.Population growth and aging pose challenges for EC prevention and control efforts.
基金This study was supported by the State Key Projects Specialized on Infectious Diseases(No.2O17ZX1O2O12O1-008-002,No.2O17ZX1O2O12O1-OO6-OO3)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911015)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974492,No.81773521)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-2-004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A151501478).
文摘Objective:The number of liver cancer patients in China accounts for more than half of the world.However,China currently lacks national,multicenter economic burden data,and meanwhile,measuring the differences among different subgroups will be informative to formulate corresponding policies in liver cancer control.Thus,the aim of the study was to measure the economic burden of liver cancer by various subgroups.Methods:A hospital-based,multicenter and cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2012・2014,covering 39 hospitals and 21 project sites in 13 provinces across China.The questionnaire covers clinical information,sociology,expenditure,and related variables.All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2014 values.Results:A total of 2,223 liver cancer patients were enrolled,of whom 59.61%were late-stage cases(III-IV),and 53.8%were hepatocellular carcinoma.The average total expenditure per liver cancer patient was estimated as 53,220 CNY,including 48,612 CNY of medical expenditures(91.3%)and 4,608 CNY of non-medical expenditures(8.7%).The average total expenditures in stage I,H,m and stage IV were 52,817 CNY,50,877 CNY,50,678 CNY and 54,089 CNY(P>0.05),respectively.Non-medical expenditures including additional meals,additional nutrition care,transportation,accommodation and hired informal nursing were 1,453 CNY,839 CNY,946 CNY,679 CNY and 200 CNY,respectively.The one-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 24,953 CNY,and 77.2%of the patients suffered an unmanageable financial burden.Multivariate analysis showed that overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P<0.05),except for sex,clinical stage,and pathologic type.Conclusions:There was no difference in treatment expenditure for liver cancer patients at different clinical stages,which suggests that maintaining efforts on treatment efficacy improvement is important but not enough.To fiirtherly reduce the overall economic burden from liver cancer,more effort should be given to primary and secondary prevention strategies.
基金funded by the Jing-jin-ji Special Projects for Basic Research Cooperation (No. J200017)the Sanming Project of the Medicine in Shenzhen (No. SZSM2019 11015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82273721)。
文摘Objective: This study aims to provide an analysis of the current status and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in China, comparing trends with those in the United States(U.S.).Methods: Data on lung cancer incidence and mortality rates spanning 2000 to 2018 were extracted from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for China and the U.S., respectively. Crude incidence and mortality rates were calculated by sex and age, with age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR) and mortality rates(ASMR) calculated using the Segi-Doll world standard population.Trend analyses employed Joinpoint regression models to determine average annual percentage change(AAPC).The study also assessed the proportion of new cases and deaths by sex and age.Results: In 2018, the ASIR of lung cancer for males in China was 50.72 per 100,000 and the ASMR was 39.69 per 100,000, the ASIR for females was 26.25 per 100,000 and the ASMR was 15.24 per 100,000. Both ASIR and ASMR were higher in males and the highest in the population aged 65 years and older, with the lowest among those aged 20-49 years. In China, female ASIR demonstrated an increasing trend(AAPC: 1.16%), while ASMR decreased in both sexes(AAPCs:-0.48% for males,-1.00% for females). The U.S. exhibited decreasing trends in both ASIR and ASMR across sexes and age groups.Conclusions: The study identified an increasing trend in lung cancer incidence among females and a decreasing mortality trend in both sexes in China. These trends are likely linked to factors such as smoking prevalence,advancements in cancer screening, and improved medical care. The findings underscore the need for tailored lung cancer prevention measures in China, particularly the reinforcement of anti-smoking policies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82273721)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81974492)+1 种基金the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research Conflict of interest statement (Grant No. 2024-1G-4023)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(Grant No. 2021-I2M-C&T-B-049)。
文摘Objective: The burden of gastric cancer(GC) across different age groups needs updating. We determined the GC global, regional, and national burden profiles and changes in incidence for 3 sequential 5-year intervals from 2003 to 2017.Methods: The latest incidence and mortality estimates of GC from 185 countries and regions were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. The 5-year interval age-standardised incidence rates(ASIRs) were evaluated using cancer registry data from volumes X±XII of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents(CI5). Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between ASIR or the age-standardised mortality rate(ASMR) and the Human Development Index(HDI).Results: There was an estimated global 968,000 new GC cases and 660,000 deaths in 2022, with male predominance. GC ASIRs and ASMRs were 9.2 and 6.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. East Asia had the highest burden, with 53.8% of cases and 48.2% of deaths among all geographic regions. There was a significant correlation between ASIR and HDI. Over three 5-year intervals from 2003 to 2017, the incidence of GC notably decreased in most countries but peaked at 2008±2012 in New Zealand, Turkey, and South Africa. Several countries in Europe, Oceania, and America suggest an increasingly concerning trend among younger individuals, especially females.Conclusions: GC is a significant health issue, especially among males and in geographic regions with an HDI, such as eastern Asia. While the incidence of GC is decreasing in many countries due to prevention efforts and improved treatments, a rising trend persists among younger individuals. Comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to different age patterns are clearly needed.
基金supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (Grant No. 2024-1G-4023)。
文摘Objective: Liver cancer is a major health concern globally and in China. This analysis investigated deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) with respect to etiologies and risk factors for liver cancer in China and worldwide.Methods: Global and China-specific data were collected on liver cancer deaths, DALYs, and age-standardized rates(ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. Liver cancer etiologies were classified into five groups and risk factors were categorized into three levels. Each proportion of liver cancer burden was calculated in different geographic regions. The joinpoint regression model were used to assess the trends from 1990±2019.Results: Liver cancer accounted for 484,577 deaths worldwide in 2019 with an ASR of 5.9 per 100,000 population. China had an elevated liver cancer death ASR in 2019 and males had an ASR 1.7 times the global rate. The global ASR for DALYs peaked at 75±79 years of age but peaked earlier in China. Hepatitis B virus was the prominent etiology globally(39.5%) and in China(62.5%), followed by hepatitis C virus and alcohol consumption. In high sociodemographic index countries, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has gained an increasing contribution as an etiologic factor. The liver cancer burden due to various etiologies has decreased globally in both genders. However, metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, have had a growing contribution to the liver cancer burden, especially among males.Conclusions: Despite an overall decreasing trend in the liver cancer burden in China and worldwide, there has been a rising contribution from metabolic risk factors, highlighting the importance of implementing targeted prevention and control strategies that address regional and gender disparities.
基金supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2024-1G-4023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273721)。
文摘Objective:Data on the global,regional and national changes in the trends of colorectal cancer(CRC)are analyzed to understand the trends in its burden,in order to assist policymakers in allocating healthcare resources and developing prevention and control strategies.Methods:This study analyzed trends in age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for CRC from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database.The trends of burden and effectiveness of control strategies were assessed using jointpoint regression analysis,decomposition analysis and frontier analysis.Results:Globally,the ASMR and age-standardized DALYs for CRC have shown a declining trend,but the ASIR was still increasing.The number of new cases of CRC in 2021 was higher in males than in females,the values were1,263.46 thousands[95%confidence interval(95%CI):1,146.50,1,400.38]vs.930.68 thousands(95%CI:824.67,1,017.65).The change in DALYs was mainly due to population growth(111.42%).The high socio-demographic index(SDI)region had an ASIR of 40.52(95%CI:37.45,42.45),and the low SDI region had an ASIR of 7.39(95%CI:6.65,8.19).The ASIR for CRC showed an upward trend in all SDI regions before age of 40 years.Among the four world regions,only America showed a downward trend in ASIR,with an estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)of-0.62(95%CI:-0.71,-0.53).Among the 204 countries and territories,Netherlands,Monaco,and Bermuda were the top 3 countries with the highest ASIR in 2021.In the frontier analysis of DALYs,the 10 countries(regions)with the longest effective distances all had SDI levels above 0.70.Conclusions:Although ASMR and age-standardized DALYs are declining,ASIR is still increasing globally and in many regions.The burden of CRC varies significantly across the globe,and more targeted screening strategies and prevention measures are needed to address the problem of CRC.
基金supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundationthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M763670)the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-1G-4023)。
文摘This study aimed to elucidate the global temporal and geographic characteristics of 29 cancers in older people aged≥65 years,based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.The average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)were calculated to estimate temporal trends of age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs)and age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs).Globally,there was an increase of 8.52 million cancer cases and 3.16 million cancer deaths among older people from 1990 to 2021.The ASIR of cancers combined presented an annually increased trend(AAPC:0.49%),and regions with high sociodemographic index(SDI)experienced the highest increase(AAPC:0.94%).Over the same period,the ASMR of cancers combined annually decreased(AAPC:-0.40%)globally,whereas regions with low SDI(AAPC:0.32%)and low-middle SDI(AAPC:0.48%)exhibited significantly increased ASMRs.Prostate cancer,lung cancer,and colorectal cancer were the three most common cancers for older people globally,and decreased relative inequalities were observed in higher-SDI countries from 1990 to 2021.For these three cancers,concentration index of ASMR respectively decreased from 0.26 to 0.06,from 0.20 to 0.17,and from 0.24 to 0.18.In contrast,the ASIR and ASMR of these cancers exhibited significant upward trends in lower-SDI regions.Our findings revealed that cancer burden for older people presented disparities globally,where higher-SDI countries faced a greater burden of cancer incidence and lower-SDI countries experienced an upward trend in cancer mortality.More attention should be given to prostate cancer,lung cancer,female breast cancer,and gastrointestinal cancers,especially in lower-SDI regions.
文摘The authors regret that estimates for new cancer cases(modify 3,246,625 to 4,909,585;modify 2,510,597 to 2,491,868)and cancer deaths(modify 1,699,066 to 2,593,882;modify 640,038 to 633,864)in the abstract,results and discussion section of“Comparative analysis of cancer statistics in China and the United States in 2024”[1]were incorrectly stated.
基金supported by a grant from the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2024-1G-4023).
文摘Liver cancer remains a significant global health concern,with hepatitis B virus(HBV)as the leading cause.This study aims to systematically evaluate the global epidemiological burden,risk factors,and long-term trends of HBV-related liver cancer.;Data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)study 2021 were used to analyze incidence,deaths,and prevalence rates of HBV-related liver cancer across 204 countries and territories.Age-period-cohort(APC)models were applied to assess age-specific trends,period effects,and cohort impacts on age-standardized disease burden.Pearson correlation analyses examined the relationship between liver cancer burden,the socio-demographic index(SDI),and the universal health coverage(UHC)index.We also evaluated the influence of other concomitant risk factors on HBV-related liver cancer deaths.Projections for future death trends were generated using Bayesian APC models.;In 2021,there were 206,365.7 new cases of HBV-related liver cancer and 181,194.3 deaths worldwide.Between 1990 and 2021,both the global age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)showed an upward trend.The age-standardized death rate(ASDR)declined,particularly in middle SDI countries,where the ASDR dropped by 21.7%.Incidence rates decreased among individuals under 70 years old,while death rates dropped for those under 75 years.Period trends revealed an increase in incidence and deaths from 1995 to 2000,followed by a sharp decline from 2000 to 2010,with death reductions being more pronounced.The downward trend was most notable among birth cohorts from the 1970s onward.A negative correlation was found between the SDI,the UHC,and liver cancer burden.The number of deaths attributable to risk factors increased by 97.8%from 1990 to 2021.Projections indicate a 30.2%reduction in HBV-related liver cancer deaths globally by 2040.;The global burden of HBV-related liver cancer showed significant regional disparities and presented ongoing global health challenges.Socioeconomic factors and healthcare access are closely associated with disease burden.Effective,region-specific interventions are essential to mitigate future HBV-related liver cancer burdens.
基金supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improve-ment and Research(grant number:2024-1G-4023)。
文摘Background:Existing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)prediction models lack transferability and generalizability when applied to female populations,resulting in diminished performance and inadequate tools for accurate HCC risk stratification among females.This study aims to develop and validate a score-based prediction model for early detection of HCC in female hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)carriers.Methods:Participants were recruited from a multicenter prospective cohort engaged in liver cancer screening across China including seven high-risk rural areas and one additional high-risk rural area.The study involved 7080 females as the derivation cohort and 2069 as the validation cohort,with all participants aged 35-70 years and HBsAg positive.Laboratory tests and epidemiological surveys were conducted.Key predictor variables were identified through LASSO regression analysis,and score-based prediction models were developed based on Cox proportional hazards model.Model performance including discrimination and calibration was evaluated,and compared to existing prediction models and screening strategies.Results:After a median follow-up of 3.69 and 5.42 years,147 and 45 HCC cases were identified in the derivation and validation cohorts,respectively.The female HCC(HCCF)model incorporating five independent variables:age,α-fetoprotein(AFP),albumin,alanine aminotransferase,and platelet,showed excellent performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.82(95%CI:0.78-0.86).The HCCF-Enhanced model which included cirrhosis,achieved an AUC of 0.85(95%CI:0.81-0.89).Both models demonstrated superior predictive performance than existing models,with strong predictive accuracy in the validation cohort:AUCs of 0.83(95%CI:0.77-0.89)and 0.88(95%CI:0.83-0.92),respectively.The HCCF model,at a score threshold of 7,achieved the largest Youden’s index and identified 32.80%of high-risk individuals.When combined with ultrasonography(US),the model detected 37 additional cases,significantly improved screening sensitivity and accuracy compared to the traditional AFP plus US strategy.Conclusions:The developed HCCF models with good performance for HCC prediction in HBsAg-positive females significantly improve screening efficiency and provide an effective tool for surveillance,ultimately helping to optimize prevention and management strategies for HCC.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-033)the Jing-jin-ji Special Projects for Basic Research Cooperation(No.J200017)the Sanming Project of the Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911015).
文摘Cancer is a major public health problem and represents substantial disparities worldwide.This study reported estimates for 36 cancers across 185 countries by incidence,mortality,5-year prevalence,mortality-toprevalence ratio(MPR),and mortality-to-incidence ratio(MIR)to examine its association with human development index(HDI)and gross national income(GNI).Data were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020.MPR and MIR were calculated by sex,age group,country,and cancer type and then summarized into totals.Segi’s population and global cancer spectrum were used to calculate age-and type-standardized ratios.Correlation analyses were conducted to assess associations.Results showed that breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer globally.Low-and middle-income countries had high MPR and MIR.Cancers of esophagus,pancreas,and liver had the highest ratios.Males and the older population had the highest ratios.HDI and GNI were positively correlated with incidence and mortality but negatively correlated with MPR/MIR.Substantial disparities in cancer burden were observed among 36 cancer types across 185 countries.Socioeconomic development may contribute to narrowing these disparities,and tailored strategies are crucial for regional-and country-specific cancer control.
文摘Background:Cancer patterns in China are becoming similar to those in the United States(US).Comparing the recent cancer profiles,trends,and determinants in China and the US can provide useful reference data.Methods:This study used open-source data.We used GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates and United Nations population estimates to calculate cancer cases and deaths in both countries during 2024.Data on cancer incidence and mortality trends were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)program and National Centre for Health Statistics in the US and cancer registry reports of the National Cancer Center(NCC)of China,Data from the Global Burden of Disease study(GBD)and a decomposition approach were used to estimate the contributions of four determinants to the change in cancer deaths.Results:In 2024,there are an estimated 3,246,625 and 2,510,597 new cancer cases and 1,699,066 and 640,038 cancer deaths in China and the US,respectively.The highest estimated cancer cases are lung cancer in China and breast cancer in the US.The age-standardized incidence rates of lung and colorectal cancer in the US,and stomach,liver,and esophageal cancer in China have decreased,but the incidence rates of liver cancer in the US and colorectal cancer,prostate cancer in men,and cervical cancer in women in China have increased.Increases in the adult population size and population aging are main reasons for the increase in cancer deaths;case fatality rates are a main reason for the decrease in cancer deaths in both countries.Conclusions:China has made progress in cancer control but lags the US.Considering the transformation in China's pattern of cancers epidemiology,it is imperative to develop stronger policies by adopting the cancer prevention and control strategies used in the US to address population aging and curb growing cancer trends.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2021YFC2101400].
文摘In this study,adzuki bean peptides were prepared by semi-solid enzymatic hydrolysis(SEH)and their antioxidant and Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory activities and internal absorption were studied.By modifying different enzymatic hydrolysis times and enzyme additions,the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis condition for SEH could be obtained as adzuki bean powder:water=4:1(w/w),alcalase:neutrase=2:1(w/w),enzyme addition 3.75%(w/w),4 h enzymatic hydrolysis at 50℃ and pH=8.Within these hydrolysis conditions,the content of adzuki bean peptides was 11.37%,the OH−scavenging rate of 1 mg/mL peptides was 72.75%,the total antioxidant capacity was 0.88±0.02 mmol/L FeSO4,the ACE inhibition rate was 77.49%.In vivo absorption test proved that the peptides prepared by SEH were absorbed faster and exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared with liquid enzymatic hydrolysis.In conclusion,the process of SEH can improve not only the efficiency of hydrolysis,but also the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity as well as the internal absorption of adzuki bean peptides.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-033)the Jing-jin-ji Special Projects for Basic Research Cooperation(J200017)the Sanming Project of the Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201911015)。
文摘An increasing cancer incidence among adults younger than 50 years has been reported for several types of cancer in multiple countries.We aimed to report cancer profiles and trends among young adults in China.Data from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report were used to estimate incidence and mortality among young adults(ages 20–49 years)in China in 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the average annual percent change(AAPC)in incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2017.All 25 cancer types were grouped into obesity-or overweight-associated cancers(12 cancer types)and additional cancers(13 cancer types).In 2017,there were 681,178new cases and 214,591 cancer deaths among young adults in China.Among young adults,the most common cancers were thyroid,breast,cervical,liver,lung,and colorectal cancer,and the leading causes of cancer deaths were liver,lung,cervical,stomach,breast,and colorectal cancer.From 2000 to 2017,the cancer incidence increased for all cancers combined among young adults,with the highest AAPC(1.46%)for adults aged 20–24 years,while cancer mortality decreased,with the highest AAPC(-1.63%)for those aged 35–39 years.In conclusion,the cancer incidence in China has increased among young adults,while cancer mortality has decreased for nearly all ages.Cancer control measures,such as obesity control and appropriate screening,may contribute to reducing the increasing cancer burden among young adults.
基金supported by the Ministry of Finance and National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China and Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital Collaborative Fund(No.CFA202201003)
文摘Background:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in China.The target population for HCC screening comprises individuals who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg).However,current data on the prevalence of HBV infection among individuals who are eligible for HCC screening in China are lacking.We aimed to assess the seroepidemiology of HBV infection among Chinese individuals eligible for HCC screening to provide the latest evidence for appropriate HCC screening strategies in China.Methods:Questionnaires including information of sex,age,ethnicity,marital status,educational level,source of drinking water,as well as smoking and alcohol consumption history and serum samples were collected from females aged 45-64 years and males aged 35-64 years in 21 counties from 4 provinces in eastern and central China between 2015 and 2023.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to detect the serum HBV marker HBsAg.Results:A total of 603,082 individuals were enrolled,and serum samples were collected for analysis from January 1,2015 to December 31,2023.The prevalence of HBsAg positive in the study population was 5.23%(31,528/603,082).The prevalence of HBsAg positive was greater in males than in females(5.60%[17,660/315,183]vs 4.82%[13,868/287,899],χ^(2)=187.52,P<0.0001).The elderly participants exhibited a greater prevalence of HBV infection than younger participants(χ^(2)=41.73,P<0.0001).Birth cohort analysis revealed an overall downward trend in HBV prevalence for both males and females.Individuals born in more recent cohorts exhibited a lower prevalence of HBV infection as compared to those born earlier.Conclusions:The current prevalence of HBV infection remains above 5%in populations eligible for HCC screening in China.Further efforts should be made to increase the accessibility of HCC screening among individuals with HBV infection.
基金supported by a grant from the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2024-1G-4023).
文摘Background:Liver cancer remains the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide,causing a heavy burden globally.An updated assessment of the global epidemiology of the liver cancer burden that addresses geographical disparities is necessary to better understand and promote healthcare delivery.Methods:Data were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database,including the number,crude,and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality at the global,country,continent,and human development index(HDI)regional levels.Age-standardized rates(incidence and mortality)per 100,000 person-years were adjusted based on the Segi-Doll World standard population.The mortality-to-incidence ratios(MIR)for each region and country were calculated.The HDI and gross national income(GNI)for 2022 were obtained,and a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted with the incidence,mortality,and MIR.Results:In 2022,approximately 866,136 new liver cancer cases and 758,725 related deaths were recorded worldwide,with a global MIR of 0.86.Males had a disproportionately higher burden than females across all levels,and the highest burden was observed in the elderly population.Geographically,the regions with the highest incidence rates included Micronesia,Eastern Asia,and Northern Africa,and the regions with the highest mortality rates included Northern Africa,Southeastern Asia,Eastern Asia,and Micronesia.Notably,Mongolia had a strikingly high burden compared to other countries.The highest MIR was observed in North America and the lowest in Africa.Negative associations of HDI and GNI with liver cancer mortality and MIR were identified,irrespective of sex.Conclusions:The current liver cancer burden underscores the presence of remarkable geographic heterogeneity,which is particularly evident across countries with varying HDI levels,highlighting the urgent need to prioritize health accessibility and availability to achieve health inequities.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.310432103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12073005,12021003,12021003,11920101003,and 11633001)+1 种基金the Interdiscipline Research Funds of Beijing Normal Universitythe Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)。
文摘Our Moon is by far the easiest natural, extraterrestrial celestial object for us to reach, and many space agencies, in particular the China National Space Administration, have publicized plans for manned missions there. Such high-profile projects must yield commensurate scientific outputs to justify their cost to the taxpayers. An important criterion for the selection of candidate experiments is the extent to which the Moon plays an integral and irreplaceable role, as opposed to offering only marginal advantages over Earth-orbit, space-based alternatives. In this study, we propose an experiment that excels in this regard, which considers the Moon as part of the experimental apparatus. Specifically, the Moon acts as a Weber bar-style resonant mass that responds to deci-Hertz gravitational waves(GWs). GW-excited lunar vibrations can be picked up by an array of(prefabricated on Earth and easy to transport to the Moon) small laser interferometric seismometers yielding GW detection. Such a setup would plug a gap in the GW frequency range already covered by the existing or underdevelopment detectors, and it can inform us on important astrophysics topics, such as the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia) or intermediate mass black holes. We provide the instrument design as well as its deployment strategy, and we also summarize relevant science cases according to the estimated viable sensitivity.
文摘This paper"Detecting gravitational wave with an interferometric seismometer array on lunar nearside"[1]was published in SCIENCE CHINA Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy(66,109513(2023),doi:10.1007/s11433-023-2179-9).Due to an oversight on our part,some errors were made in the originally published paper.We apologize for these errors and offer the corresponding explanations and corrections for the readers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFC2208000,and 2023YFC2205800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12021003,12474481,and 123B1015)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.310432103,and 310400209522)the JST ASPIRE Program of Japan(Grant No.JPMJAP2320)。
文摘Current gravitational-wave detectors have achieved remarkable sensitivity around 100 Hz,enabling ground-breaking discoveries.Enhancing sensitivity at higher frequencies in the kilohertz(kHz)range promises access to rich physics,particularly the extreme conditions during the merger stage of binary neutron stars.However,the high-frequency sensitivity of Michelson-based interferometers is fundamentally limited by their linear optical cavities,which are optimized for low-frequency signal enhancement.A new configuration employing an L-shaped optical resonator was proposed to overcome this limitation,offering exceptional sensitivity in the kHz band.As a pathfinder,the 12-meter prototype at Beijing Normal University is designed to demonstrate the sensing and control schemes of this new kHz detector configuration and to explore its performance in the high-power regime with suspended optics.Beyond its primary scientific goal,the prototype also offers potential sensitivity in the megahertz(MHz)range,potentially enabling constraints on exotic sources.This paper presents an overview of the prototype,including its optical design and current development status of key components.
