Understanding how phytoplankton adapt to elevated CO_(2)and/or warming through long-term genotypic changes is critical for predicting future phytoplankton distribution and community structure.In this study,we conducte...Understanding how phytoplankton adapt to elevated CO_(2)and/or warming through long-term genotypic changes is critical for predicting future phytoplankton distribution and community structure.In this study,we conducted a 4.5-year experimental evolution with the model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin under four environmental conditions:ambient(control),elevated CO_(2)warming and combined elevated CO_(2)+warming.Following this long-term adaptation,we exposed the populations to a broad CO_(2)gradient in a short-term(7-day)experiment to assess their multi-trait responses.Our results demonstrate that P.tricornutum Bohlin populations adapted to different environmental regimes exhibit significant multi-trait variation across CO_(2)gradients.Notably,the variability driven by long-term adaptation exceeded that induced by short-term CO_(2)changes.Furthermore,both long-term adaptation and short-term CO_(2)exposure altered trait co-variations,highlighting the complex interplay between environmental history and immediate conditions.This study emphasizes the importance of assessing long-term genetic changes in marine phytoplankton under global change,as short-term experiments alone may underestimate their adaptive potential and the broader implications for marine ecosystems under futureclimate scenarios.展开更多
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(32471677,32371678and42076109)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515030286)+1 种基金Guangzhou Municipal Science and TechnologyBureau(202201020151)Earth Critical zone andEco-geochemistry(PT252022024).
文摘Understanding how phytoplankton adapt to elevated CO_(2)and/or warming through long-term genotypic changes is critical for predicting future phytoplankton distribution and community structure.In this study,we conducted a 4.5-year experimental evolution with the model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin under four environmental conditions:ambient(control),elevated CO_(2)warming and combined elevated CO_(2)+warming.Following this long-term adaptation,we exposed the populations to a broad CO_(2)gradient in a short-term(7-day)experiment to assess their multi-trait responses.Our results demonstrate that P.tricornutum Bohlin populations adapted to different environmental regimes exhibit significant multi-trait variation across CO_(2)gradients.Notably,the variability driven by long-term adaptation exceeded that induced by short-term CO_(2)changes.Furthermore,both long-term adaptation and short-term CO_(2)exposure altered trait co-variations,highlighting the complex interplay between environmental history and immediate conditions.This study emphasizes the importance of assessing long-term genetic changes in marine phytoplankton under global change,as short-term experiments alone may underestimate their adaptive potential and the broader implications for marine ecosystems under futureclimate scenarios.
