BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is frequently diagnosed and treated in advanced tumor stages with poor prognosis.More effective screening programs and novel therapeutic means are urgently needed.Recen...BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is frequently diagnosed and treated in advanced tumor stages with poor prognosis.More effective screening programs and novel therapeutic means are urgently needed.Recent studies have regarded tight junction protein claudin 18.2(CLDN18.2)as a candidate target for cancer treatment,and zolbetuximab(formerly known as IMAB362)has been developed against CLDN18.2.However,there are few data reported thus far related to the clinicopathological characteristics of CLDN18.2 expression for PDAC.AIM To investigate the expression of CLDN18.2 in PDAC patients and subsequently propose a new target for the treatment of PDAC.METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas,Genotype-Tissue Expression,Gene Expression Omnibus,and European Genome-phenome Archive databases were first employed to analyze the CLDN18 gene expression in normal pancreatic tissue compared to that in pancreatic cancer tissue.Second,we analyzed the expression of CLDN18.2 in 93 primary PDACs,86 para-cancer tissues,and 13 normal pancreatic tissues by immunohistochemistry.Immunostained tissues were assessed applying the histoscore.subsequently,they fell into two groups according to the expression state of CLDN18.2.Furthermore,the correlations between CLDN18.2 expression and diverse clinicopathological characteristics,including survival,were investigated.RESULTS The gene expression of CLDN18 was statistically higher(P<0.01)in pancreatic tumors than in normal tissues.However,there was no significant correlation between CLDN18 expression and survival in pancreatic cancer patients.CLDN18.2 was expressed in 88(94.6%)of the reported PDACs.Among these tumors,50(56.8%)cases showed strong immunostaining.The para-cancer tissues were positive in 81(94.2%)cases,among which 32(39.5%)of cases were characterized for strong staining intensities.Normal pancreatic tissue was identified solely via weak immunostaining.Finally,CLDN18.2 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,nerve invasion,stage,and survival of PDAC patients,while there was no correlation between CLDN18.2 expression and localization,tumor size,patient age and sex,nor any other clinicopathological characteristic.CONCLUSION CLDN18.2 expression is frequently increased in PDAC patients.Thus,it may act as a potential therapeutic target for zolbetuximab in PDAC.展开更多
Oxygen is essential for most life forms.Insufficient oxygen supply can disrupt homeostasis and compromise survival,and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular failure is fatal in many animals,including humans.However,certain s...Oxygen is essential for most life forms.Insufficient oxygen supply can disrupt homeostasis and compromise survival,and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular failure is fatal in many animals,including humans.However,certain species have adapted and evolved to cope with hypoxic environments and are therefore good models for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying responses to hypoxia.Here,we explored the physiological and molecular responses of the cardiovascular system in two closely related hypoxiaadapted species with different life histories,namely,Qinghai voles(Neodon fuscus)and Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii),under hypoxic(10%O_(2) for 48 h)and normoxic(20.9%O_(2) for 48 h)exposure.Kunming mice(Mus musculus)were used for comparison.Qinghai voles live in plateau areas under hypoxic conditions,whereas Brandt’s voles only experience periodic hypoxia.Histological and hematological analyses indicated a strong tolerance to hypoxia in both species,but significant cardiac tissue damage and increased blood circulation resistance in mice exposed to hypoxia.Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed enhanced oxygen transport efficiency as a coping mechanism against hypoxia in both N.fuscus and L.brandtii,but with some differences.Specifically,N.fuscus showed upregulated expression of genes related to accelerated cardiac contraction and angiogenesis,whereas L.brandtii showed significant up-regulation of erythropoiesis-related genes.Synchronized upregulation of hemoglobin synthesis-related genes was observed in both species.In addition,differences in cardiometabolic strategies against hypoxia were observed in the rodents.Notably,M.musculus relied on adenosine triphosphate(ATP)generation via fatty acid oxidation,whereas N.fuscus shifted energy production to glucose oxidation under hypoxic conditions and L.brandtii employed a conservative strategy involving down-regulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation and a bradycardia phenotype.In conclusion,the cardiovascular systems of N.fuscus and L.brandtii have evolved different adaptation strategies to enhance oxygen transport capacity and conserve energy under hypoxia.Our findings suggest that the coping mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in these closely related species are context dependent.展开更多
Substitution of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution by value-added organic synthesis is an effective and promising strategy to improve the efficiency of hydrogen evolution. Here, the Ni Mo nanorod array electrode is...Substitution of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution by value-added organic synthesis is an effective and promising strategy to improve the efficiency of hydrogen evolution. Here, the Ni Mo nanorod array electrode is fabricated as the multifunctional electrode for diverse electrocatalytic organic oxidation reactions to generate carboxylic acids.展开更多
Background: Creating a tunnel between the pancreas and splenic vessels followed by pancreatic parenchyma transection(“tunnel-first” strategy) has long been used in spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy(SPDP) with ...Background: Creating a tunnel between the pancreas and splenic vessels followed by pancreatic parenchyma transection(“tunnel-first” strategy) has long been used in spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy(SPDP) with splenic vessel preservation(Kimura’s procedure). However, the operation space is limited in the tunnel, leading to the risks of bleeding and difficulties in suturing. We adopted the pancreatic “parenchyma transection-first” strategy to optimize Kimura’s procedure. Methods: The clinical data of consecutive patients who underwent robotic SPDP with Kimura’s procedure between January 2017 and September 2022 at our center were retrieved. The cohort was classified into a “parenchyma transection-first” strategy(P-F) group and a “tunnel-first” strategy(T-F) group and analyzed. Results: A total of 91 patients were enrolled in this cohort, with 49 in the T-F group and 42 in the P-F group. Compared with the T-F group, the P-F group had significantly shorter operative time(146.1 ± 39.2 min vs. 174.9 ± 46.6 min, P < 0.01) and lower estimated blood loss [40.0(20.0–55.0) m L vs. 50.0(20.0–100.0) m L, P = 0.03]. Failure of splenic vessel preservation occurred in 10.2% patients in the TF group and 2.4% in the P-F group( P = 0.14). The grade 3/4 complications were similar between the two groups( P = 0.57). No differences in postoperative pancreatic fistula, abdominal infection or hemorrhage were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: The pancreatic “parenchyma transection-first” strategy is safe and feasible compared with traditional “tunnel-first strategy” in SPDP with Kimura’s procedure.展开更多
Chaotic systems have been intensively studied for their roles in many applications, such as cryptography, secure communications, nonlinear controls, etc. However, the limited complexity of existing chaotic systems wea...Chaotic systems have been intensively studied for their roles in many applications, such as cryptography, secure communications, nonlinear controls, etc. However, the limited complexity of existing chaotic systems weakens chaos-based practical applications. Designing chaotic maps with high complexity is attractive. This paper proposes the exponential sine chaotification model(ESCM), a method of using the exponential sine function as a nonlinear transform model, to enhance the complexity of chaotic maps. To verify the performance of the ESCM, we firstly demonstrated it through theoretical analysis. Then, to exhibit the high efficiency and usability of ESCM, we applied ESCM to one-dimensional(1D) and multidimensional(MD) chaotic systems. The effects were examined by the Lyapunov exponent and it was found that enhanced chaotic maps have much more complicated dynamic behaviors compared to their originals. To validate the simplicity of ESCM in hardware implementation, we simulated three enhanced chaotic maps using a digital signal processor(DSP). To explore the ESCM in practical application, we applied ESCM to image encryption. The results verified that the ESCM can make previous chaos maps competitive for usage in image encryption.展开更多
Pyridine-Si-xanthene,a novel near-infrared fluorescent dye,dispalys better photophysical properties compared with Si-rhodamines including improved modifiability and red-shifted emission wavelength.The application is e...Pyridine-Si-xanthene,a novel near-infrared fluorescent dye,dispalys better photophysical properties compared with Si-rhodamines including improved modifiability and red-shifted emission wavelength.The application is exemplified through the development of a lysosomes-targeting probe capable of imaging cysteine in cells and in vivo.展开更多
Measuring the pionic structure function is of high interest, as it provides a new area for understanding the strong interaction among quarks and testing QCD predictions. To this end, we investigate the feasibility and...Measuring the pionic structure function is of high interest, as it provides a new area for understanding the strong interaction among quarks and testing QCD predictions. To this end, we investigate the feasibility and expected impact of a possible experiment at EicC(Electron-ion collider in China). We show the simulation results on the statistical precision of an EicC measurement, based on the model of leading neutron tagged DIS process and the parton distribution functions of the pion from JAM18 global analysis. The simulation shows that at EicC, the kinematics cover the x π range from 0.01 to 1, and the Q2 range from 1 to 50 GeV2, within the acceptable statistical uncertainty. Assuming an integrated luminosity of 50 fb-1, in the low-Q2 region(< 10 GeV2), the Monte Carlo data show that the suggested measurement in the whole x π range reaches very high precision(< 3%). To perform such an experiment, only the addition of a far-forward neutron calorimeter is needed.展开更多
基金Supported by the Basic Research Project of Natural Science of Shaanxi Province,No.2020JQ-943,2021JQ-916 and 2021JQ-914Research Project of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology-Sai Sheng Fund,No.Y-2020Sciclone/qn-0181+2 种基金Science and Technology Support Program of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital,No.2021JY-26,2021JY-38,2021JY-50 and 2021BJ-13Research Fund Project of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital,No.2021YJY-18China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2021M702607.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is frequently diagnosed and treated in advanced tumor stages with poor prognosis.More effective screening programs and novel therapeutic means are urgently needed.Recent studies have regarded tight junction protein claudin 18.2(CLDN18.2)as a candidate target for cancer treatment,and zolbetuximab(formerly known as IMAB362)has been developed against CLDN18.2.However,there are few data reported thus far related to the clinicopathological characteristics of CLDN18.2 expression for PDAC.AIM To investigate the expression of CLDN18.2 in PDAC patients and subsequently propose a new target for the treatment of PDAC.METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas,Genotype-Tissue Expression,Gene Expression Omnibus,and European Genome-phenome Archive databases were first employed to analyze the CLDN18 gene expression in normal pancreatic tissue compared to that in pancreatic cancer tissue.Second,we analyzed the expression of CLDN18.2 in 93 primary PDACs,86 para-cancer tissues,and 13 normal pancreatic tissues by immunohistochemistry.Immunostained tissues were assessed applying the histoscore.subsequently,they fell into two groups according to the expression state of CLDN18.2.Furthermore,the correlations between CLDN18.2 expression and diverse clinicopathological characteristics,including survival,were investigated.RESULTS The gene expression of CLDN18 was statistically higher(P<0.01)in pancreatic tumors than in normal tissues.However,there was no significant correlation between CLDN18 expression and survival in pancreatic cancer patients.CLDN18.2 was expressed in 88(94.6%)of the reported PDACs.Among these tumors,50(56.8%)cases showed strong immunostaining.The para-cancer tissues were positive in 81(94.2%)cases,among which 32(39.5%)of cases were characterized for strong staining intensities.Normal pancreatic tissue was identified solely via weak immunostaining.Finally,CLDN18.2 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,nerve invasion,stage,and survival of PDAC patients,while there was no correlation between CLDN18.2 expression and localization,tumor size,patient age and sex,nor any other clinicopathological characteristic.CONCLUSION CLDN18.2 expression is frequently increased in PDAC patients.Thus,it may act as a potential therapeutic target for zolbetuximab in PDAC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004152)Zhongyuan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(224200510001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672264)。
文摘Oxygen is essential for most life forms.Insufficient oxygen supply can disrupt homeostasis and compromise survival,and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular failure is fatal in many animals,including humans.However,certain species have adapted and evolved to cope with hypoxic environments and are therefore good models for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying responses to hypoxia.Here,we explored the physiological and molecular responses of the cardiovascular system in two closely related hypoxiaadapted species with different life histories,namely,Qinghai voles(Neodon fuscus)and Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii),under hypoxic(10%O_(2) for 48 h)and normoxic(20.9%O_(2) for 48 h)exposure.Kunming mice(Mus musculus)were used for comparison.Qinghai voles live in plateau areas under hypoxic conditions,whereas Brandt’s voles only experience periodic hypoxia.Histological and hematological analyses indicated a strong tolerance to hypoxia in both species,but significant cardiac tissue damage and increased blood circulation resistance in mice exposed to hypoxia.Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed enhanced oxygen transport efficiency as a coping mechanism against hypoxia in both N.fuscus and L.brandtii,but with some differences.Specifically,N.fuscus showed upregulated expression of genes related to accelerated cardiac contraction and angiogenesis,whereas L.brandtii showed significant up-regulation of erythropoiesis-related genes.Synchronized upregulation of hemoglobin synthesis-related genes was observed in both species.In addition,differences in cardiometabolic strategies against hypoxia were observed in the rodents.Notably,M.musculus relied on adenosine triphosphate(ATP)generation via fatty acid oxidation,whereas N.fuscus shifted energy production to glucose oxidation under hypoxic conditions and L.brandtii employed a conservative strategy involving down-regulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation and a bradycardia phenotype.In conclusion,the cardiovascular systems of N.fuscus and L.brandtii have evolved different adaptation strategies to enhance oxygen transport capacity and conserve energy under hypoxia.Our findings suggest that the coping mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in these closely related species are context dependent.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21871206 and 21901180)。
文摘Substitution of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution by value-added organic synthesis is an effective and promising strategy to improve the efficiency of hydrogen evolution. Here, the Ni Mo nanorod array electrode is fabricated as the multifunctional electrode for diverse electrocatalytic organic oxidation reactions to generate carboxylic acids.
基金the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital(S2022-530-01).
文摘Background: Creating a tunnel between the pancreas and splenic vessels followed by pancreatic parenchyma transection(“tunnel-first” strategy) has long been used in spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy(SPDP) with splenic vessel preservation(Kimura’s procedure). However, the operation space is limited in the tunnel, leading to the risks of bleeding and difficulties in suturing. We adopted the pancreatic “parenchyma transection-first” strategy to optimize Kimura’s procedure. Methods: The clinical data of consecutive patients who underwent robotic SPDP with Kimura’s procedure between January 2017 and September 2022 at our center were retrieved. The cohort was classified into a “parenchyma transection-first” strategy(P-F) group and a “tunnel-first” strategy(T-F) group and analyzed. Results: A total of 91 patients were enrolled in this cohort, with 49 in the T-F group and 42 in the P-F group. Compared with the T-F group, the P-F group had significantly shorter operative time(146.1 ± 39.2 min vs. 174.9 ± 46.6 min, P < 0.01) and lower estimated blood loss [40.0(20.0–55.0) m L vs. 50.0(20.0–100.0) m L, P = 0.03]. Failure of splenic vessel preservation occurred in 10.2% patients in the TF group and 2.4% in the P-F group( P = 0.14). The grade 3/4 complications were similar between the two groups( P = 0.57). No differences in postoperative pancreatic fistula, abdominal infection or hemorrhage were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: The pancreatic “parenchyma transection-first” strategy is safe and feasible compared with traditional “tunnel-first strategy” in SPDP with Kimura’s procedure.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51507023)Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. cstc2020jcyjmsxm X0726)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. KJZD-K202100506)。
文摘Chaotic systems have been intensively studied for their roles in many applications, such as cryptography, secure communications, nonlinear controls, etc. However, the limited complexity of existing chaotic systems weakens chaos-based practical applications. Designing chaotic maps with high complexity is attractive. This paper proposes the exponential sine chaotification model(ESCM), a method of using the exponential sine function as a nonlinear transform model, to enhance the complexity of chaotic maps. To verify the performance of the ESCM, we firstly demonstrated it through theoretical analysis. Then, to exhibit the high efficiency and usability of ESCM, we applied ESCM to one-dimensional(1D) and multidimensional(MD) chaotic systems. The effects were examined by the Lyapunov exponent and it was found that enhanced chaotic maps have much more complicated dynamic behaviors compared to their originals. To validate the simplicity of ESCM in hardware implementation, we simulated three enhanced chaotic maps using a digital signal processor(DSP). To explore the ESCM in practical application, we applied ESCM to image encryption. The results verified that the ESCM can make previous chaos maps competitive for usage in image encryption.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21572147 and 21877082)
文摘Pyridine-Si-xanthene,a novel near-infrared fluorescent dye,dispalys better photophysical properties compared with Si-rhodamines including improved modifiability and red-shifted emission wavelength.The application is exemplified through the development of a lysosomes-targeting probe capable of imaging cysteine in cells and in vivo.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB34030301)。
文摘Measuring the pionic structure function is of high interest, as it provides a new area for understanding the strong interaction among quarks and testing QCD predictions. To this end, we investigate the feasibility and expected impact of a possible experiment at EicC(Electron-ion collider in China). We show the simulation results on the statistical precision of an EicC measurement, based on the model of leading neutron tagged DIS process and the parton distribution functions of the pion from JAM18 global analysis. The simulation shows that at EicC, the kinematics cover the x π range from 0.01 to 1, and the Q2 range from 1 to 50 GeV2, within the acceptable statistical uncertainty. Assuming an integrated luminosity of 50 fb-1, in the low-Q2 region(< 10 GeV2), the Monte Carlo data show that the suggested measurement in the whole x π range reaches very high precision(< 3%). To perform such an experiment, only the addition of a far-forward neutron calorimeter is needed.
