Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a signifi...Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.展开更多
This article discusses the design strategy of complex mountain highway bridges.During the research phase,details were obtained based on prior literature review and analysis of engineering materials from mountainous ar...This article discusses the design strategy of complex mountain highway bridges.During the research phase,details were obtained based on prior literature review and analysis of engineering materials from mountainous area bridges.After analyzing the design characteristics of complex mountainous area road and bridge projects,the principles for the design of bridges on complex mountainous area expressways were proposed.The research on bridge design was carried out from five dimensions:bridge type selection,foundation design,superstructure design,connection part design,and material and technological innovation.Eventually,a relatively complete design system was formed.It is expected that this paper can provide technical references and value for road and bridge projects in China and promote the sustainable development of China’s road traffic system from a macro perspective.展开更多
Highway bridges are an important part of transportation infrastructure.With the rapid development of transportation,the design of bridge construction has received significant attention.The complex environment of some ...Highway bridges are an important part of transportation infrastructure.With the rapid development of transportation,the design of bridge construction has received significant attention.The complex environment of some regions necessitates the selection of seismic design to improve the stability of the structure during the design phase of highway bridge construction.This article briefly discusses bridge structures that may be subject to seismic hazards and analyzes seismic design standards to explore their application in the design process of highway bridges,with the aim of providing support for bridge construction.展开更多
The prediction of chemical synthesis pathways plays a pivotal role in materials science research. Challenges, such as the complexity of synthesis pathways and the lack of comprehensive datasets, currently hinder our a...The prediction of chemical synthesis pathways plays a pivotal role in materials science research. Challenges, such as the complexity of synthesis pathways and the lack of comprehensive datasets, currently hinder our ability to predict these chemical processes accurately. However, recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence(GAI), including automated text generation and question–answering systems, coupled with fine-tuning techniques, have facilitated the deployment of large-scale AI models tailored to specific domains. In this study, we harness the power of the LLaMA2-7B model and enhance it through a learning process that incorporates 13878 pieces of structured material knowledge data.This specialized AI model, named Mat Chat, focuses on predicting inorganic material synthesis pathways. Mat Chat exhibits remarkable proficiency in generating and reasoning with knowledge in materials science. Although Mat Chat requires further refinement to meet the diverse material design needs, this research undeniably highlights its impressive reasoning capabilities and innovative potential in materials science. Mat Chat is now accessible online and open for use, with both the model and its application framework available as open source. This study establishes a robust foundation for collaborative innovation in the integration of generative AI in materials science.展开更多
Objective Radiation mucositis,especially pharyngeal mucositis,severely affects the oral intake of patients of head and neck cancer(HNC)during radiotherapy.Whether the nutritional status affects the severity of pharyng...Objective Radiation mucositis,especially pharyngeal mucositis,severely affects the oral intake of patients of head and neck cancer(HNC)during radiotherapy.Whether the nutritional status affects the severity of pharyngeal mucositis is currently unknown.This study investigated the incidence of malnutrition and radiation pharyngeal mucositis in patients with HNC during radiotherapy and analyzed the impact of the nutritional status on radiation pharyngeal mucositis.Methods Consecutive patients with HNC receiving radiotherapy were recruited for this longitudinal observational study.Data were collected at baseline(T_(1)),midtreatment(T_(2)),and at the end of treatment(T3).The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria were used to assess pharyngeal mucositis and the nutritional status,respectively.Results There were 348 HNC patients who completed all assessments.The pharyngeal mucositis of patients with HNC was aggravated during radiotherapy(χ^(2)=553.521,P<0.001).At T3,56.0%of patients had moderate or severe pharyngeal mucositis.The proportion of patients with malnutrition increased significantly during treatment(21.3%at T_(1)vs 46.8%at T_(2)vs 76.1%at T3,χ^(2)=209.768,P<0.001).Both a multivariable analysis of generalized estimating equations and a logistic regression analysis showed that pharyngeal mucositis was associated with malnutrition.Conclusions Malnutrition was common in patients with HNC during radiotherapy,and it was closely related to pharyngeal mucositis.Joint interventions targeting nutrition and symptom management should be considered for patients with HNC.展开更多
Nowadays,the scope of bridge construction projects in China is becoming wider,which promotes China's economic development to a large extent and also improves China's transportation system.Meanwhile,people also...Nowadays,the scope of bridge construction projects in China is becoming wider,which promotes China's economic development to a large extent and also improves China's transportation system.Meanwhile,people also put forward new requirements for the quality of steel structure bridges.However,in actual design,due to the influence of many fectors,some problems are inevitable,which will affect the integrity of the design.Therefore,the designer needs to fully grasp the possible design problems,and then take efiective measures to improve the integrity of the design scheme,so as to ensure the quality of the steel structure bridge and improves the safety of the steel structure bridge from the fundamentals.This paper mainly focuses on steel structure bridges,analyzed the current status of steel structure bridge types and their selection,and proposes the integrity design strategy of steel structure bridges.展开更多
In recent years,China's social economy is in a period of rapid development which has also made great progress in the construction of roads and bridges.Roads and bridges as basic building facilities provides strong...In recent years,China's social economy is in a period of rapid development which has also made great progress in the construction of roads and bridges.Roads and bridges as basic building facilities provides strong support for local transportation and socioeconomic development in China.At this stage,roads and bridges are the basic guarantee for the development of the national economy,so great attention must be paid to the quality of their construction and engineering design.At present,the main factor affecting the quality of road bridges in China is the problem of bridge cracks.There are various reasons causes for cracks they must be controlled by effective measures to better improve the quality of road bridges.This article will discuss crack control in road bridge design and construction.展开更多
In recent years,with the continuous expansion of China's infrastructure construction,related construction work,including highway and bridge construction,has been steadily progressing.Among them,bridges are an impo...In recent years,with the continuous expansion of China's infrastructure construction,related construction work,including highway and bridge construction,has been steadily progressing.Among them,bridges are an important component of infrastructure construction,and their safety and stability are related to the travel of the masses and even the safety of their lives.China has a strict management system for bridge design specifications.This article mainly takes long-span highway bridges as an example to study the key issues of its design specifications and proposes countermeasures for related work.展开更多
Under the rapid development of socio-economy and urbanization,the state’s attention toward urban infrastructure continues to increase.The construction of municipal road and bridge projects is related to people’s dai...Under the rapid development of socio-economy and urbanization,the state’s attention toward urban infrastructure continues to increase.The construction of municipal road and bridge projects is related to people’s daily travel and transport safety,and it also plays an important role in promoting urban economic development.Therefore,modern technology should be fully utilized in the design of municipal roads and bridges to strengthen construction cost control and increase their social and economic benefits.In this paper,the characteristics and application status of BIM technology in municipal road and bridge design are analyzed,and corresponding road and bridge design strategies are explored to promote the healthy development of municipal road and bridge projects.展开更多
Background:The effect of the interval between previous Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication and rescue treatment on therapeutic outcomes remains unknown.The aim of this study was to investigate the association bet...Background:The effect of the interval between previous Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication and rescue treatment on therapeutic outcomes remains unknown.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between eradication rates and treatment interval durations in H.pylori infections.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2023 at six tertiary hospitals in Shandong,China.We recruited patients who were positive for H.pylori infection and required rescue treatment.Demographic information,previous times of eradication therapy,last eradication therapy date,and history of antibiotic use data were collected.The patients were divided into four groups based on the rescue treatment interval length:Group A,≥4 weeks and≤3 months;Group B,>3 and≤6 months;Group C,>6 and≤12 months;and Group D,>12 months.The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H.pylori.Drug compliance and adverse events(AEs)were also assessed.Pearson’s χ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare eradication rates between groups.Results:A total of 670 patients were enrolled in this study.The intention-to-treat(ITT)eradication rates were 88.3%(158/179)in Group A,89.6%(120/134)in Group B,89.1%(123/138)in Group C,and 87.7%(192/219)in Group D.The per-protocol(PP)eradication rates were 92.9%(156/168)in Group A,94.5%(120/127)in Group B,94.5%(121/128)in Group C,and 93.6%(190/203)in Group D.There was no statistically significant difference in the eradication rates between groups in either the ITT(P=0.949)or PP analysis(P=0.921).No significant differences were observed in the incidence of AEs(P=0.934)or drug compliance(P=0.849)between groups.Conclusion:The interval duration of rescue treatment had no significant effect on H.pylori eradication rates or the incidence of AEs.展开更多
Generation of induced renal epithelial cells(iRECs)from fibroblasts offers great opportunities for renal disease mod-eling and kidney regeneration.However,the low reprogramming efficiency of the current approach to ge...Generation of induced renal epithelial cells(iRECs)from fibroblasts offers great opportunities for renal disease mod-eling and kidney regeneration.However,the low reprogramming efficiency of the current approach to generate iRECs has hindered potential therapeutic application and regenerative approach.This could be in part attributed to het-erogeneous and unbalanced expression of reprogramming factors(RFs)Hnf1β(H1),Emx2(E),Pax8(P),and Hnf4α(H4)in transduced fibroblasts.Here,we establish an advanced retroviral vector system that expresses H1,E,P,and H4 in high levels and distinct ratios from bicistronic transcripts separated by P2A.Mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs)harboring Cdh16-Cre;mT/mG allele are utilized to conduct iREC reprogramming via directly monitoring single cell fate conversion.Three sets of bicistronic RF combinations including H1E/H4P,H1H4/EP,and H1P/H4E have been generated to induce iREC reprogramming.Each of the RF combinations gives rise to distinct H1,E,P,and H4 expres-sion levels and different reprogramming efficiencies.The desired H1E/H4P combination that results in high expres-sion levels of RFs with balanced stoichiometry.substantially enhances the efficiency and quality of iRECs compared with transduction of separate H1,E,P,and H4 lentiviruses.We find that H1E/H4P-induced iRECs exhibit the superior features of renal tubular epithelial cells,as evidenced by expressing renal tubular-specific genes,possessing endocy-totic arrogation activity and assembling into tubules along decellularized kidney scaffolds.This study establishes H1E/H4P cassette as a valuable platform for future iREC studies and regenerative medicine.展开更多
Following publication of the original article(Hu et al.2024),the authors reported an error in the article title,it needed to be changed from“Expression levels and stoichiometry of Hnf1β,Emx2,Pax8 and Hnf4 influence ...Following publication of the original article(Hu et al.2024),the authors reported an error in the article title,it needed to be changed from“Expression levels and stoichiometry of Hnf1β,Emx2,Pax8 and Hnf4 influence direct reprogramming of induced renal tubular epithelial cells”to“Expression levels and stoichiometry of Hnf1β,Emx2,Pax8 and Hnf4αinfluence direct reprogramming of induced renal tubular epithelial cells”.The correct article title has been provided in this Correction.展开更多
文摘Agroforestry systems,as composite ecosystems,possess dual characteristics of both forest and agricultural ecosystems.They have been widely recognized as an important land-use approach in agriculture and play a significant role in changing the climate.However,they also face limitations,including uncertainties related to future global climate change,land use,and land cover.This paper summarized the important role of agroforestry systems in the global carbon cycle and carbon balance from the methods and means used in the research on carbon storage and carbon balance and the research status of carbon storage and carbon balance in agroforestry ecosystems at home and abroad,and pointed out the problems that need to be paid attention to in future research.
文摘This article discusses the design strategy of complex mountain highway bridges.During the research phase,details were obtained based on prior literature review and analysis of engineering materials from mountainous area bridges.After analyzing the design characteristics of complex mountainous area road and bridge projects,the principles for the design of bridges on complex mountainous area expressways were proposed.The research on bridge design was carried out from five dimensions:bridge type selection,foundation design,superstructure design,connection part design,and material and technological innovation.Eventually,a relatively complete design system was formed.It is expected that this paper can provide technical references and value for road and bridge projects in China and promote the sustainable development of China’s road traffic system from a macro perspective.
文摘Highway bridges are an important part of transportation infrastructure.With the rapid development of transportation,the design of bridge construction has received significant attention.The complex environment of some regions necessitates the selection of seismic design to improve the stability of the structure during the design phase of highway bridge construction.This article briefly discusses bridge structures that may be subject to seismic hazards and analyzes seismic design standards to explore their application in the design process of highway bridges,with the aim of providing support for bridge construction.
基金supported by the Informatization Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. CASWX2023SF-0101)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (Grant No. ZDBS-LY-7025)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (Grant No. 2021167)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB33020000)。
文摘The prediction of chemical synthesis pathways plays a pivotal role in materials science research. Challenges, such as the complexity of synthesis pathways and the lack of comprehensive datasets, currently hinder our ability to predict these chemical processes accurately. However, recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence(GAI), including automated text generation and question–answering systems, coupled with fine-tuning techniques, have facilitated the deployment of large-scale AI models tailored to specific domains. In this study, we harness the power of the LLaMA2-7B model and enhance it through a learning process that incorporates 13878 pieces of structured material knowledge data.This specialized AI model, named Mat Chat, focuses on predicting inorganic material synthesis pathways. Mat Chat exhibits remarkable proficiency in generating and reasoning with knowledge in materials science. Although Mat Chat requires further refinement to meet the diverse material design needs, this research undeniably highlights its impressive reasoning capabilities and innovative potential in materials science. Mat Chat is now accessible online and open for use, with both the model and its application framework available as open source. This study establishes a robust foundation for collaborative innovation in the integration of generative AI in materials science.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2017YFC1309204)the Medical Nutrition Clinical Research Project of China International Medical Foundation(No.Z-2017-24-2110).
文摘Objective Radiation mucositis,especially pharyngeal mucositis,severely affects the oral intake of patients of head and neck cancer(HNC)during radiotherapy.Whether the nutritional status affects the severity of pharyngeal mucositis is currently unknown.This study investigated the incidence of malnutrition and radiation pharyngeal mucositis in patients with HNC during radiotherapy and analyzed the impact of the nutritional status on radiation pharyngeal mucositis.Methods Consecutive patients with HNC receiving radiotherapy were recruited for this longitudinal observational study.Data were collected at baseline(T_(1)),midtreatment(T_(2)),and at the end of treatment(T3).The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria were used to assess pharyngeal mucositis and the nutritional status,respectively.Results There were 348 HNC patients who completed all assessments.The pharyngeal mucositis of patients with HNC was aggravated during radiotherapy(χ^(2)=553.521,P<0.001).At T3,56.0%of patients had moderate or severe pharyngeal mucositis.The proportion of patients with malnutrition increased significantly during treatment(21.3%at T_(1)vs 46.8%at T_(2)vs 76.1%at T3,χ^(2)=209.768,P<0.001).Both a multivariable analysis of generalized estimating equations and a logistic regression analysis showed that pharyngeal mucositis was associated with malnutrition.Conclusions Malnutrition was common in patients with HNC during radiotherapy,and it was closely related to pharyngeal mucositis.Joint interventions targeting nutrition and symptom management should be considered for patients with HNC.
文摘Nowadays,the scope of bridge construction projects in China is becoming wider,which promotes China's economic development to a large extent and also improves China's transportation system.Meanwhile,people also put forward new requirements for the quality of steel structure bridges.However,in actual design,due to the influence of many fectors,some problems are inevitable,which will affect the integrity of the design.Therefore,the designer needs to fully grasp the possible design problems,and then take efiective measures to improve the integrity of the design scheme,so as to ensure the quality of the steel structure bridge and improves the safety of the steel structure bridge from the fundamentals.This paper mainly focuses on steel structure bridges,analyzed the current status of steel structure bridge types and their selection,and proposes the integrity design strategy of steel structure bridges.
文摘In recent years,China's social economy is in a period of rapid development which has also made great progress in the construction of roads and bridges.Roads and bridges as basic building facilities provides strong support for local transportation and socioeconomic development in China.At this stage,roads and bridges are the basic guarantee for the development of the national economy,so great attention must be paid to the quality of their construction and engineering design.At present,the main factor affecting the quality of road bridges in China is the problem of bridge cracks.There are various reasons causes for cracks they must be controlled by effective measures to better improve the quality of road bridges.This article will discuss crack control in road bridge design and construction.
文摘In recent years,with the continuous expansion of China's infrastructure construction,related construction work,including highway and bridge construction,has been steadily progressing.Among them,bridges are an important component of infrastructure construction,and their safety and stability are related to the travel of the masses and even the safety of their lives.China has a strict management system for bridge design specifications.This article mainly takes long-span highway bridges as an example to study the key issues of its design specifications and proposes countermeasures for related work.
文摘Under the rapid development of socio-economy and urbanization,the state’s attention toward urban infrastructure continues to increase.The construction of municipal road and bridge projects is related to people’s daily travel and transport safety,and it also plays an important role in promoting urban economic development.Therefore,modern technology should be fully utilized in the design of municipal roads and bridges to strengthen construction cost control and increase their social and economic benefits.In this paper,the characteristics and application status of BIM technology in municipal road and bridge design are analyzed,and corresponding road and bridge design strategies are explored to promote the healthy development of municipal road and bridge projects.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82070551 and 81770538)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases supporting technology project(No.2015BAI13B07).
文摘Background:The effect of the interval between previous Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication and rescue treatment on therapeutic outcomes remains unknown.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between eradication rates and treatment interval durations in H.pylori infections.Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2023 at six tertiary hospitals in Shandong,China.We recruited patients who were positive for H.pylori infection and required rescue treatment.Demographic information,previous times of eradication therapy,last eradication therapy date,and history of antibiotic use data were collected.The patients were divided into four groups based on the rescue treatment interval length:Group A,≥4 weeks and≤3 months;Group B,>3 and≤6 months;Group C,>6 and≤12 months;and Group D,>12 months.The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H.pylori.Drug compliance and adverse events(AEs)were also assessed.Pearson’s χ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare eradication rates between groups.Results:A total of 670 patients were enrolled in this study.The intention-to-treat(ITT)eradication rates were 88.3%(158/179)in Group A,89.6%(120/134)in Group B,89.1%(123/138)in Group C,and 87.7%(192/219)in Group D.The per-protocol(PP)eradication rates were 92.9%(156/168)in Group A,94.5%(120/127)in Group B,94.5%(121/128)in Group C,and 93.6%(190/203)in Group D.There was no statistically significant difference in the eradication rates between groups in either the ITT(P=0.949)or PP analysis(P=0.921).No significant differences were observed in the incidence of AEs(P=0.934)or drug compliance(P=0.849)between groups.Conclusion:The interval duration of rescue treatment had no significant effect on H.pylori eradication rates or the incidence of AEs.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2018YFA0800103,2018YFA0801004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31530044,NSFC31970780,NSFC82202056).
文摘Generation of induced renal epithelial cells(iRECs)from fibroblasts offers great opportunities for renal disease mod-eling and kidney regeneration.However,the low reprogramming efficiency of the current approach to generate iRECs has hindered potential therapeutic application and regenerative approach.This could be in part attributed to het-erogeneous and unbalanced expression of reprogramming factors(RFs)Hnf1β(H1),Emx2(E),Pax8(P),and Hnf4α(H4)in transduced fibroblasts.Here,we establish an advanced retroviral vector system that expresses H1,E,P,and H4 in high levels and distinct ratios from bicistronic transcripts separated by P2A.Mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs)harboring Cdh16-Cre;mT/mG allele are utilized to conduct iREC reprogramming via directly monitoring single cell fate conversion.Three sets of bicistronic RF combinations including H1E/H4P,H1H4/EP,and H1P/H4E have been generated to induce iREC reprogramming.Each of the RF combinations gives rise to distinct H1,E,P,and H4 expres-sion levels and different reprogramming efficiencies.The desired H1E/H4P combination that results in high expres-sion levels of RFs with balanced stoichiometry.substantially enhances the efficiency and quality of iRECs compared with transduction of separate H1,E,P,and H4 lentiviruses.We find that H1E/H4P-induced iRECs exhibit the superior features of renal tubular epithelial cells,as evidenced by expressing renal tubular-specific genes,possessing endocy-totic arrogation activity and assembling into tubules along decellularized kidney scaffolds.This study establishes H1E/H4P cassette as a valuable platform for future iREC studies and regenerative medicine.
文摘Following publication of the original article(Hu et al.2024),the authors reported an error in the article title,it needed to be changed from“Expression levels and stoichiometry of Hnf1β,Emx2,Pax8 and Hnf4 influence direct reprogramming of induced renal tubular epithelial cells”to“Expression levels and stoichiometry of Hnf1β,Emx2,Pax8 and Hnf4αinfluence direct reprogramming of induced renal tubular epithelial cells”.The correct article title has been provided in this Correction.
