Tissue interactions play a crucial role in tooth development.Notably,extracellular vesicle-mediated interactions between the mandible and tooth germ are considered essential.Here,we revealed that mandible extracellula...Tissue interactions play a crucial role in tooth development.Notably,extracellular vesicle-mediated interactions between the mandible and tooth germ are considered essential.Here,we revealed that mandible extracellular vesicles could modulate the proliferation and differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells by regulating the histone demethylase KDM2B.Further investigation showed that mandible derived extracellular vesicles could deliver miR-206 to KDM2B,thereby regulating tooth development.An animal study demonstrated that the miR-206/KDM2B pathway affected tooth morphogenesis and mineralization after eight weeks of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice.In conclusion,this study suggested that the mandible played a critical role in tooth morphogenesis and mineralization,which could be a potential therapeutic target for abnormal tooth development and an alternative model for tooth regeneration.展开更多
The decarbonization of urban water systems is critical for achieving global climate goals,and reducing the carbon intensity of urban water systems necessitates a paradigm shift from traditional end-of-pipe treatment a...The decarbonization of urban water systems is critical for achieving global climate goals,and reducing the carbon intensity of urban water systems necessitates a paradigm shift from traditional end-of-pipe treatment approaches to alternative technological solutions and holistic planning.This study explores a comprehensive strategy for achieving sustainable urban water management that integrates a decentral-ized water system(DWS),source separation,and low-carbon water treatment technologies.DWS is fun-damental to implementing a sustainable urban water system.This study addresses the social contexts,costs,approaches,and benefits associated with DWS implementation,emphasizing the importance of its construction.Subsequently,the analysis focuses on the on-site source separation of grey water,feces,and yellow water in the DWS,which serves as the primary approach for wastewater reuse and N/P recov-ery for a sustainable urban water system.Following source separation,low-carbon water treatment tech-nologies based on resource conservation and recovery are thoroughly discussed.Specifically,resource conservation can be achieved through rainwater control,efficiency improvements,and low energy con-sumption,while resource recovery can be attained through carbon capturing and energy/nutrient recov-ery.Overall,in response to the challenges in current urban water management,this study proposes a comprehensive strategy that supports a sustainable urban water system,providing theoretical guidance for reducing carbon emissions.展开更多
Solid-state precipitation is an effective strategy for tuning the mechanical and functional properties of ad-vanced alloys.Structure design and modification necessitate good knowledge of the kinetic evolution of preci...Solid-state precipitation is an effective strategy for tuning the mechanical and functional properties of ad-vanced alloys.Structure design and modification necessitate good knowledge of the kinetic evolution of precipitates during fabrication,which is strongly correlated with defect concentration.For Fe-Ga alloys,giant magnetostriction can be induced by the precipitation of the nanoscale tetragonal L60 phase.By introducing quenched-in vacancies,we significantly enhance the magnetostriction of the aged Fe81Ga19 polycrystalline alloys to~305 ppm,which is close to the level of single crystals.Although vacancies were found to facilitate the generation of the L60 phase,their impact on the precipitation mechanism and kinetics has yet to be revealed.This study combined transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering(SANS)to investigate the precipitation of the L60 phase during the isothermal aging at 350 and 400℃,respectively.The evolution of L60 nanophase in morphology and number density in as-cast(AC)and liquid nitrogen quenched(LN)Fe81Ga19 alloys with aging time were quantitatively compared.Interestingly,the nucleation of the L60 phase proceeds progressively in AC while suddenly in LN specimens,indicating the homogenous to heterogeneous mechanism switching in-duced by concentrated vacancies.Moreover,excess vacancies can change the shape of nanoprecipitates and significantly accelerate the growth and coarsening kinetics.The magnetostrictive coefficient is opti-mized when the size(long-axis)of L60 precipitates lies between 100 and 110Åwith a number density between 3.2-4.3×10-7Å-3.Insight from this study validates the feasibility of achieving high magnetoe-lastic properties through precise manipulation of the nanostructure.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cancer care faces challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and rapidly evolving therapies,necessitating artificial intelligence(AI)-driven clinical decision support.While general-purpose models like ChatGPT of...BACKGROUND Cancer care faces challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and rapidly evolving therapies,necessitating artificial intelligence(AI)-driven clinical decision support.While general-purpose models like ChatGPT offer adaptability,domain-specific systems(e.g.,DeepSeek)may better align with clinical guidelines.However,their comparative efficacy in oncology remains underexplored.This study hypothesizes that domain-specific AI will outperform general-purpose models in technical accuracy,while the latter will excel in patient-centered communication.AIMS To compare ChatGPT and DeepSeek in oncology decision support for diagnosis,treatment,and patient communication.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using 1200 anonymized oncology cases(2018–2023)from The Cancer Genome Atlas and institutional databases,covering six cancer types.Each case included histopathology,imaging,genomic profiles,and treatment histories.Both models generated diagnostic interpretations,staging assessments,and therapy recommendations.Performance was evaluated against NCCN/ESMO guidelines and expert oncologist panels using F1-scores,Cohen'sκ,Likert-scale ratings,and readability metrics.Statistical significance was assessed via analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests.RESULTS DeepSeek demonstrated superior performance in diagnostic accuracy(F1-score:89.2%vs ChatGPT's 76.5%,P<0.001)and treatment alignment with guidelines(κ=0.82 vs 0.67,P=0.003).ChatGPT exhibited strengths in patient communi-cation,generating layman-friendly explanations(readability score:8.2/10 vs DeepSeek's 6.5/10,P=0.012).Both models showed limitations in rare cancer subtypes(e.g.,cholangiocarcinoma),with accuracy dropping below 60%.Clinicians rated DeepSeek's outputs as more actionable(4.3/5 vs 3.7/5,P=0.021)but highlighted ChatGPT's utility in palliative care discussions.CONCLUSION Domain-specific AI(DeepSeek)excels in technical precision,while general-purpose models(ChatGPT)enhance patient engagement.A hybrid system integrating both approaches may optimize oncology workflows,contingent on expanded training for rare cancers and real-time guideline updates.展开更多
Introduction:Diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia.However,different sources and types of protein have different health impacts.Ob...Introduction:Diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia.However,different sources and types of protein have different health impacts.Objectives:The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of different sources and types of proteins on sarcopenia,providing an optimal path for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Methods:A sarcopenia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone(5 mg/kg).Sixty male C57BL/6 mice(8 months old)were randomly divided into the normal control,sarcopenia,goat whey protein,goat milk casein,bovine whey protein,and bovine milk casein groups.Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks.Organism-level and molecular phenotypes,16S rRNA gene sequencing,and untargeted metabolomics profiling based on GC-TOF/MS were employed to investigate the correlation between host metabolism,microbial metabolism,autophagy and inflammation and their influence on sarcopenia in C57BL/6 male mice.Results:All 4 proteins increased muscle mass,and goat whey protein improved muscle strength in sarcopenic mice.Goat and bovine milk proteins promoted muscle regeneration by increasing MyoD1 and MyoG expression,and the former had a more distinct effect in inducing autophagy and decreasing inflammation than the latter.In addition,goat whey protein and casein could modulate hostmicrobial arginine co-metabolism.Notably,goat milk proteins responded well to sarcopenia comorbidities,including sarcopenic obesity,osteosarcopenia,and osteoarthritis.Conclusion:The study confirmed that goat milk proteins were more effective than bovine milk proteins for the control of sarcopenia.Moreover,we found that whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism,which shows their potential as precision nutritional supplements for the management of sarcopenia.Our study provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of sarcopenia.展开更多
Correction to:J.Iron Steel Res.Int.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01240-3.The original version of this article unfortunately con-tained mistakes.The article title was cut off in xml version,the corrected title is ...Correction to:J.Iron Steel Res.Int.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01240-3.The original version of this article unfortunately con-tained mistakes.The article title was cut off in xml version,the corrected title is given below.展开更多
Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with th...Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with the market capacity,a tremendous rise in the amount of end-of-life(EoL)membranes is inevitable.In 2022,the global records of EoL membranes reached 35,000 tons.Recycling and resource utilization of EoL membranes is a viable option and hold significant promises for energy conservation and carbon neutralization.The present work provides an extensive overview of the latest progress in the field in relation with the prominent application cases.Furthermore,the avenues for the contributions of membrane recycling treatment technology within the framework of“carbon neutrality”are discussed with emphasis on permeability,pollutant interception capacity,and other relevant factors associated with the recycled membranes.This review strives to summarize the recycling and efficient utilization of EoL membranes,aiming at providing technical support to reduce operational costs and promote the low-carbon development of membrane technology.展开更多
Long-termpetroleum production forecasting is essential for the effective development andmanagement of oilfields.Due to its ability to extract complex patterns,deep learning has gained popularity for production forecas...Long-termpetroleum production forecasting is essential for the effective development andmanagement of oilfields.Due to its ability to extract complex patterns,deep learning has gained popularity for production forecasting.However,existing deep learning models frequently overlook the selective utilization of information from other production wells,resulting in suboptimal performance in long-term production forecasting across multiple wells.To achieve accurate long-term petroleum production forecast,we propose a spatial-geological perception graph convolutional neural network(SGP-GCN)that accounts for the temporal,spatial,and geological dependencies inherent in petroleum production.Utilizing the attention mechanism,the SGP-GCN effectively captures intricate correlations within production and geological data,forming the representations of each production well.Based on the spatial distances and geological feature correlations,we construct a spatial-geological matrix as the weight matrix to enable differential utilization of information from other wells.Additionally,a matrix sparsification algorithm based on production clustering(SPC)is also proposed to optimize the weight distribution within the spatial-geological matrix,thereby enhancing long-term forecasting performance.Empirical evaluations have shown that the SGP-GCN outperforms existing deep learning models,such as CNN-LSTM-SA,in long-term petroleum production forecasting.This demonstrates the potential of the SGP-GCN as a valuable tool for long-term petroleum production forecasting across multiple wells.展开更多
The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarboni...The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen and organics into harmless by-products.This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like·ClO and·Cl using electro-reactive membranes(EMs)known as RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach.This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent.Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode,thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors.We elucidate the formation pathway of·ClO and·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,where·Cl generated from RuO_(2)reacts with·OH from PbO_(2)under hypochlorous acid conditions,thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal.These findings highlight a novel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for·ClO synthesis,which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon,and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.展开更多
Immunotherapy offers the promise of a potential cure for cancer,yet achieving the desired therapeutic effect can be challenging due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments(TMEs) present in some tumors.Therefo...Immunotherapy offers the promise of a potential cure for cancer,yet achieving the desired therapeutic effect can be challenging due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments(TMEs) present in some tumors.Therefore,robust immune system activation is crucial to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in clinical applications.Bacteria have shown the ability to target the hypoxic TMEs while activating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Engineered bacteria,modified through chemical or biological methods,can be endowed with specific physiological properties,such as diverse surface antigens,metabolites,and improved biocompatibility.These unique characteristics give engineered bacteria distinct advantages in stimulating anti-cancer immune responses.This review explores the potential regulatory mechanisms of engineered bacteria in modulating both innate and adaptive immunity while also forecasting the future development and challenges of using engineered bacteria in clinical cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
Anxiety disorder is a major symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)with a comorbidity rate of~40%.However,the neural mechanisms of the emergence of anxiety in ASD remain unclear.In our study,we found that hyperactivi...Anxiety disorder is a major symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)with a comorbidity rate of~40%.However,the neural mechanisms of the emergence of anxiety in ASD remain unclear.In our study,we found that hyperactivity of basolateral amygdala(BLA)pyramidal neurons(PNs)in Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in(InsG3680+/+)mice is involved in the development of anxiety.Electrophysiological results also showed increased excitatory input and decreased inhibitory input in BLA PNs.Chemogenetic inhibition of the excitability of PNs in the BLA rescued the anxiety phenotype of InsG3680+/+mice.Further study found that the diminished control of the BLA by medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and optogenetic activation of the mPFC-BLA pathway also had a rescue effect,which increased the feedforward inhibition of the BLA.Taken together,our results suggest that hyperactivity of the BLA and alteration of the mPFC-BLA circuitry are involved in anxiety in InsG3680+/+mice.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the causes and preventive measures of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia after transabdominal perineal radical resection of rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: A 68-year-old patient with progres...Objective: To investigate the causes and preventive measures of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia after transabdominal perineal radical resection of rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: A 68-year-old patient with progressive exacerbation of Miles’ postoperative intestinal obstruction was retrospectively analyzed. Conservative treatment was ineffective, and surgery was performed again. Surgery confirmed that the obstruction was caused by a pelvic floor peritoneal hernia. The original reconstruction peritoneal suture needle spacing was too wide, resulting in peritoneal hiatus. Results: The early postoperative intestinal obstruction in this patient was not caused by inflammatory intestinal obstruction, stenosis of stoma, and intestinal adhesion, but by the formation of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia. Conclusion: Pelvic floor peritoneal hernia should not be ignored in the early stage of intestinal obstruction after Miles’ operation. Improper suture during pelvic floor peritoneal reconstruction is the main cause of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia.展开更多
Objective:Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Tanreqing Capsule(TRQC)was used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the Shang...Objective:Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Tanreqing Capsule(TRQC)was used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of TRQC in the treatment of COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 82 patients who had laboratory-confirmed mild and moderate COVID-19;patients were treated with TRQC in one designated hospital.The treatment and control groups consisted of 25 and 57 cases,respectively.The treatment group was given TRQC orally three times a day,three pills each time,in addition to conventional Western medicine treatments which were also administered to the control group.The clinical efficacy indicators,such as the negative conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid,the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid,the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid,and the improvement in the level of immune indicators such as T-cell subsets(CD3,CD4 and CD45)were monitored.Results:COVID-19 patients in the treatment group,compared to the control group,had a shorter negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid(4 vs.9 days,P=0.047)and a shorter interval of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid(0 vs.2 days,P=0.042).The level of CD3+T cells increased in the treatment group compared to the control group([317.09±274.39]vs.[175.02±239.95]counts/l L,P=0.030).No statistically significant differences were detected in the median improvement in levels of CD4+T cells(173 vs.107 counts/l L,P=0.208)and CD45+T cells(366 vs.141 counts/l L,P=0.117)between the treatment and control groups.Conclusion:Significant reductions in the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid and the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid were identified in the treatment group as compared to the control group,illustrating the potential therapeutic benefits of using TRQC as a complement to conventional medicine in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19.The underlying mechanism may be related to the improved levels of the immune indicator CD3+T cells.展开更多
A 72-h fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting system was developed for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas. The forecasting model domain covers from from 15°S to 45°N in latitude and...A 72-h fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting system was developed for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas. The forecasting model domain covers from from 15°S to 45°N in latitude and 99°E to135°E in longitude including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Indonesian seas. To get precise initial conditions for the coupled forecasting model, the forecasting system conducts a 24-h hindcast simulation with data assimilation before forecasting. The Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter(EAKF) data assimilation method was adopted for the wave model MASNUM with assimilating Jason-2 significant wave height(SWH) data. The EAKF data assimilation method was also introduced to the ROMS model with assimilating sea surface temperature(SST), mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT) and Argo profiles data. To improve simulation of the structure of temperature and salinity, the vertical mixing scheme of the ocean model was improved by considering the surface wave induced vertical mixing and internal wave induced vertical mixing. The wave and current models were integrated from January 2014 to October 2015 driven by the ECMWF reanalysis 6 hourly mean dataset with data assimilation. Then the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean forecasting system was carried out 14 months operational running since November 2015. The forecasting outputs include atmospheric forecast products, wave forecast products and ocean forecast products. A series of observation data are used to evaluate the coupled forecasting results, including the wind, SHW, ocean temperature and velocity.The forecasting results are in good agreement with observation data. The prediction practice for more than one year indicates that the coupled forecasting system performs stably and predict relatively accurate, which can support the shipping safety, the fisheries and the oil exploitation.展开更多
To investigate the interaction mechanism between 95 Cr saw-wire steel and different refractories,we conducted laboratory experiments at 1873 K.Five crucible materials(SiO2,Al2 O3,MgO·Al2 O3,MgO,and MgO-CaO)were u...To investigate the interaction mechanism between 95 Cr saw-wire steel and different refractories,we conducted laboratory experiments at 1873 K.Five crucible materials(SiO2,Al2 O3,MgO·Al2 O3,MgO,and MgO-CaO)were used.The results indicate that SiO2,Al2 O3,and MgO·Al2 O3 are not suitable for smelting low-oxygen,low-[Al]s 95 Cr saw-wire steel,mainly because they react with the elements in the molten steel and pollute the steel samples.By contrast,MgO-CaO is an ideal choice to produce 95 Cr saw-wire steel.It offers three advantages:(ⅰ)It does not decompose by itself at the steelmaking temperature of 1873 K because it exhibits good thermal stability;(ⅱ)[C],[Si],and[Mn]in molten steel cannot react with it to increase the[O]content;and(ⅲ)it not only desulfurizes and dephosphorizes but also removes Al2 O3 inclusions from the steel simultaneously.As a result,the contents of the main elements([C],[Si],[Mn],[Cr],N,T.O(total oxygen))in the steel are not affected and the content of impurity elements([Al]s,P,and S)can be perfectly controlled within the target range.Furthermore,the number and size of inclusions in the steel samples decrease sharply when the MgO-CaO crucible is used.展开更多
Objective:To observe the early interventions of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)on the conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and find possible underlying mechanisms of ac...Objective:To observe the early interventions of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)on the conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and find possible underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 300 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were treated with TCM,at a designated hospital in China.The patients were categorized into three groups:TCM1,TCM2 and TCM3,who respectively received TCM interventions within 7,8–14,and greater than15 days of hospitalization.Different indicators such as the conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid,the conversion time of fecal nucleic acid,length of hospital stay,and inflammatory markers(leukocyte count,and lymphocyte count and percentage)were analyzed to observe the impact of early TCM interventions on these groups.Results:The median conversion times of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid in the three groups were 5.5,7 and16 d(P<0.001),with TCM1 and TCM2 being statistically different from TCM3(P<0.01).TCM1(P<0.05)and TCM3(P<0.01)were statistically different from TCM2.The median conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in the three groups were 7,9 and 17 d(P<0.001).Conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in TCM1 were statistically different from TCM3 and TCM2(P<0.01).The median lengths of hospital stay in the three groups were 13,16 and 21 d(P<0.001).TCM1 and TCM2 were statistically different from TCM3(P<0.01);TCM1 and TCM3 were statistically different from TCM2(P<0.01).Both leucocyte and lymphocyte counts increased gradually with an increase in the length of hospital stay in TCM1 group patients,with a statistically significant difference observed at each time point in the group(P<0.001).Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte count and percentage in TCM2(P<0.001),and in leucocyte count(P=0.043)and lymphocyte count(P=0.038)in TCM3 were observed.The comparison among the three groups showed a statistically significant difference in lymphocyte percentage on the third day of admission(P=0.044).Conclusion:In this study,it was observed that in COVID-19 patients treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicines,TCM intervention earlier in the hospital stay correlated with faster conversion time of pharyngeal swab and fecal nucleic acid,as well as shorter length of hospital stay,thus helping promote faster recovery of the patient.The underlying mechanism of action may be related to improving inflammation in patients with COVID-19.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071078,82370939)the Shaanxi Provincial High-level Talent Program and Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘Tissue interactions play a crucial role in tooth development.Notably,extracellular vesicle-mediated interactions between the mandible and tooth germ are considered essential.Here,we revealed that mandible extracellular vesicles could modulate the proliferation and differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells by regulating the histone demethylase KDM2B.Further investigation showed that mandible derived extracellular vesicles could deliver miR-206 to KDM2B,thereby regulating tooth development.An animal study demonstrated that the miR-206/KDM2B pathway affected tooth morphogenesis and mineralization after eight weeks of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice.In conclusion,this study suggested that the mandible played a critical role in tooth morphogenesis and mineralization,which could be a potential therapeutic target for abnormal tooth development and an alternative model for tooth regeneration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(52200008 and 52270043)the Young Elite Scien-tists Sponsorship Program by CAST,National Key Research and Developing Program of China(2023YFE0113800)+1 种基金the China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2022M710034)the Chengde National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstra-tion Zone Construction Technology Special Project(202202F003).
文摘The decarbonization of urban water systems is critical for achieving global climate goals,and reducing the carbon intensity of urban water systems necessitates a paradigm shift from traditional end-of-pipe treatment approaches to alternative technological solutions and holistic planning.This study explores a comprehensive strategy for achieving sustainable urban water management that integrates a decentral-ized water system(DWS),source separation,and low-carbon water treatment technologies.DWS is fun-damental to implementing a sustainable urban water system.This study addresses the social contexts,costs,approaches,and benefits associated with DWS implementation,emphasizing the importance of its construction.Subsequently,the analysis focuses on the on-site source separation of grey water,feces,and yellow water in the DWS,which serves as the primary approach for wastewater reuse and N/P recov-ery for a sustainable urban water system.Following source separation,low-carbon water treatment tech-nologies based on resource conservation and recovery are thoroughly discussed.Specifically,resource conservation can be achieved through rainwater control,efficiency improvements,and low energy con-sumption,while resource recovery can be attained through carbon capturing and energy/nutrient recov-ery.Overall,in response to the challenges in current urban water management,this study proposes a comprehensive strategy that supports a sustainable urban water system,providing theoretical guidance for reducing carbon emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275154)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Project No.2021B1515140028)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2020010)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,grant number(Nos.2021YFA1600701 and 2021YFB3501201).
文摘Solid-state precipitation is an effective strategy for tuning the mechanical and functional properties of ad-vanced alloys.Structure design and modification necessitate good knowledge of the kinetic evolution of precipitates during fabrication,which is strongly correlated with defect concentration.For Fe-Ga alloys,giant magnetostriction can be induced by the precipitation of the nanoscale tetragonal L60 phase.By introducing quenched-in vacancies,we significantly enhance the magnetostriction of the aged Fe81Ga19 polycrystalline alloys to~305 ppm,which is close to the level of single crystals.Although vacancies were found to facilitate the generation of the L60 phase,their impact on the precipitation mechanism and kinetics has yet to be revealed.This study combined transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering(SANS)to investigate the precipitation of the L60 phase during the isothermal aging at 350 and 400℃,respectively.The evolution of L60 nanophase in morphology and number density in as-cast(AC)and liquid nitrogen quenched(LN)Fe81Ga19 alloys with aging time were quantitatively compared.Interestingly,the nucleation of the L60 phase proceeds progressively in AC while suddenly in LN specimens,indicating the homogenous to heterogeneous mechanism switching in-duced by concentrated vacancies.Moreover,excess vacancies can change the shape of nanoprecipitates and significantly accelerate the growth and coarsening kinetics.The magnetostrictive coefficient is opti-mized when the size(long-axis)of L60 precipitates lies between 100 and 110Åwith a number density between 3.2-4.3×10-7Å-3.Insight from this study validates the feasibility of achieving high magnetoe-lastic properties through precise manipulation of the nanostructure.
文摘BACKGROUND Cancer care faces challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and rapidly evolving therapies,necessitating artificial intelligence(AI)-driven clinical decision support.While general-purpose models like ChatGPT offer adaptability,domain-specific systems(e.g.,DeepSeek)may better align with clinical guidelines.However,their comparative efficacy in oncology remains underexplored.This study hypothesizes that domain-specific AI will outperform general-purpose models in technical accuracy,while the latter will excel in patient-centered communication.AIMS To compare ChatGPT and DeepSeek in oncology decision support for diagnosis,treatment,and patient communication.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using 1200 anonymized oncology cases(2018–2023)from The Cancer Genome Atlas and institutional databases,covering six cancer types.Each case included histopathology,imaging,genomic profiles,and treatment histories.Both models generated diagnostic interpretations,staging assessments,and therapy recommendations.Performance was evaluated against NCCN/ESMO guidelines and expert oncologist panels using F1-scores,Cohen'sκ,Likert-scale ratings,and readability metrics.Statistical significance was assessed via analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests.RESULTS DeepSeek demonstrated superior performance in diagnostic accuracy(F1-score:89.2%vs ChatGPT's 76.5%,P<0.001)and treatment alignment with guidelines(κ=0.82 vs 0.67,P=0.003).ChatGPT exhibited strengths in patient communi-cation,generating layman-friendly explanations(readability score:8.2/10 vs DeepSeek's 6.5/10,P=0.012).Both models showed limitations in rare cancer subtypes(e.g.,cholangiocarcinoma),with accuracy dropping below 60%.Clinicians rated DeepSeek's outputs as more actionable(4.3/5 vs 3.7/5,P=0.021)but highlighted ChatGPT's utility in palliative care discussions.CONCLUSION Domain-specific AI(DeepSeek)excels in technical precision,while general-purpose models(ChatGPT)enhance patient engagement.A hybrid system integrating both approaches may optimize oncology workflows,contingent on expanded training for rare cancers and real-time guideline updates.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7232236)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100104)。
文摘Introduction:Diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in sarcopenia.However,different sources and types of protein have different health impacts.Objectives:The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of different sources and types of proteins on sarcopenia,providing an optimal path for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Methods:A sarcopenia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone(5 mg/kg).Sixty male C57BL/6 mice(8 months old)were randomly divided into the normal control,sarcopenia,goat whey protein,goat milk casein,bovine whey protein,and bovine milk casein groups.Animals were treated for 8 consecutive weeks.Organism-level and molecular phenotypes,16S rRNA gene sequencing,and untargeted metabolomics profiling based on GC-TOF/MS were employed to investigate the correlation between host metabolism,microbial metabolism,autophagy and inflammation and their influence on sarcopenia in C57BL/6 male mice.Results:All 4 proteins increased muscle mass,and goat whey protein improved muscle strength in sarcopenic mice.Goat and bovine milk proteins promoted muscle regeneration by increasing MyoD1 and MyoG expression,and the former had a more distinct effect in inducing autophagy and decreasing inflammation than the latter.In addition,goat whey protein and casein could modulate hostmicrobial arginine co-metabolism.Notably,goat milk proteins responded well to sarcopenia comorbidities,including sarcopenic obesity,osteosarcopenia,and osteoarthritis.Conclusion:The study confirmed that goat milk proteins were more effective than bovine milk proteins for the control of sarcopenia.Moreover,we found that whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism,which shows their potential as precision nutritional supplements for the management of sarcopenia.Our study provides theoretical support for the prevention and control of sarcopenia.
文摘Correction to:J.Iron Steel Res.Int.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01240-3.The original version of this article unfortunately con-tained mistakes.The article title was cut off in xml version,the corrected title is given below.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52322001,52070183,and 52330001)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0113800)the Excellent Member of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y2023010).
文摘Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with the market capacity,a tremendous rise in the amount of end-of-life(EoL)membranes is inevitable.In 2022,the global records of EoL membranes reached 35,000 tons.Recycling and resource utilization of EoL membranes is a viable option and hold significant promises for energy conservation and carbon neutralization.The present work provides an extensive overview of the latest progress in the field in relation with the prominent application cases.Furthermore,the avenues for the contributions of membrane recycling treatment technology within the framework of“carbon neutrality”are discussed with emphasis on permeability,pollutant interception capacity,and other relevant factors associated with the recycled membranes.This review strives to summarize the recycling and efficient utilization of EoL membranes,aiming at providing technical support to reduce operational costs and promote the low-carbon development of membrane technology.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 62071491.
文摘Long-termpetroleum production forecasting is essential for the effective development andmanagement of oilfields.Due to its ability to extract complex patterns,deep learning has gained popularity for production forecasting.However,existing deep learning models frequently overlook the selective utilization of information from other production wells,resulting in suboptimal performance in long-term production forecasting across multiple wells.To achieve accurate long-term petroleum production forecast,we propose a spatial-geological perception graph convolutional neural network(SGP-GCN)that accounts for the temporal,spatial,and geological dependencies inherent in petroleum production.Utilizing the attention mechanism,the SGP-GCN effectively captures intricate correlations within production and geological data,forming the representations of each production well.Based on the spatial distances and geological feature correlations,we construct a spatial-geological matrix as the weight matrix to enable differential utilization of information from other wells.Additionally,a matrix sparsification algorithm based on production clustering(SPC)is also proposed to optimize the weight distribution within the spatial-geological matrix,thereby enhancing long-term forecasting performance.Empirical evaluations have shown that the SGP-GCN outperforms existing deep learning models,such as CNN-LSTM-SA,in long-term petroleum production forecasting.This demonstrates the potential of the SGP-GCN as a valuable tool for long-term petroleum production forecasting across multiple wells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270043)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0113800 and 2024YFC3715000)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(8242030).
文摘The contamination of wastewater with organic pollutants and nitrogen compounds poses significant environmental challenges.The primary objective of wastewater treatment is the simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization of ammonia nitrogen and organics into harmless by-products.This study presents a novel method for the directional generation of chlorine radical species like·ClO and·Cl using electro-reactive membranes(EMs)known as RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,which were fabricated using an electro-deposition coupled template approach.This method facilitates the rapid and efficient conversion of ammonia to nitrogen and concurrently reduces the chemical oxygen demand in the effluent.Our system achieved ultra-efficient simultaneous denitrification and decarbonization with minimal energy consumption in single-filtration mode,thereby eliminating the need for chemical precursors.We elucidate the formation pathway of·ClO and·Cl during the electrochemical oxidation process involving RuO_(2)@PbO_(2)-M,where·Cl generated from RuO_(2)reacts with·OH from PbO_(2)under hypochlorous acid conditions,thereby enhancing nitrogen and carbon removal.These findings highlight a novel electro-filtration and an innovative reactive membrane design for·ClO synthesis,which provides a new research framework for the concurrent removal of nitrogen and carbon,and offers a promising solution to enhance wastewater treatment efficiency.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Jilin Education Bureau(No.JJKH20230804KJ)。
文摘Immunotherapy offers the promise of a potential cure for cancer,yet achieving the desired therapeutic effect can be challenging due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments(TMEs) present in some tumors.Therefore,robust immune system activation is crucial to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in clinical applications.Bacteria have shown the ability to target the hypoxic TMEs while activating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Engineered bacteria,modified through chemical or biological methods,can be endowed with specific physiological properties,such as diverse surface antigens,metabolites,and improved biocompatibility.These unique characteristics give engineered bacteria distinct advantages in stimulating anti-cancer immune responses.This review explores the potential regulatory mechanisms of engineered bacteria in modulating both innate and adaptive immunity while also forecasting the future development and challenges of using engineered bacteria in clinical cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970902,U22A20306,and 3192010300)the Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(PZ2023009)+1 种基金the Key-Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2019B030335001)the Autism Research Special Fund of Zhejiang Foundation for Disabled Persons(2022003).
文摘Anxiety disorder is a major symptom of autism spectrum disorder(ASD)with a comorbidity rate of~40%.However,the neural mechanisms of the emergence of anxiety in ASD remain unclear.In our study,we found that hyperactivity of basolateral amygdala(BLA)pyramidal neurons(PNs)in Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in(InsG3680+/+)mice is involved in the development of anxiety.Electrophysiological results also showed increased excitatory input and decreased inhibitory input in BLA PNs.Chemogenetic inhibition of the excitability of PNs in the BLA rescued the anxiety phenotype of InsG3680+/+mice.Further study found that the diminished control of the BLA by medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and optogenetic activation of the mPFC-BLA pathway also had a rescue effect,which increased the feedforward inhibition of the BLA.Taken together,our results suggest that hyperactivity of the BLA and alteration of the mPFC-BLA circuitry are involved in anxiety in InsG3680+/+mice.
文摘Objective: To investigate the causes and preventive measures of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia after transabdominal perineal radical resection of rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: A 68-year-old patient with progressive exacerbation of Miles’ postoperative intestinal obstruction was retrospectively analyzed. Conservative treatment was ineffective, and surgery was performed again. Surgery confirmed that the obstruction was caused by a pelvic floor peritoneal hernia. The original reconstruction peritoneal suture needle spacing was too wide, resulting in peritoneal hiatus. Results: The early postoperative intestinal obstruction in this patient was not caused by inflammatory intestinal obstruction, stenosis of stoma, and intestinal adhesion, but by the formation of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia. Conclusion: Pelvic floor peritoneal hernia should not be ignored in the early stage of intestinal obstruction after Miles’ operation. Improper suture during pelvic floor peritoneal reconstruction is the main cause of pelvic floor peritoneal hernia.
基金supported by Emergency Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Health Committee and Shanghai Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2020YJ01)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine(No.14DZ2273200)Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty(No.SHSLCZDZK05101)。
文摘Objective:Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Tanreqing Capsule(TRQC)was used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of TRQC in the treatment of COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 82 patients who had laboratory-confirmed mild and moderate COVID-19;patients were treated with TRQC in one designated hospital.The treatment and control groups consisted of 25 and 57 cases,respectively.The treatment group was given TRQC orally three times a day,three pills each time,in addition to conventional Western medicine treatments which were also administered to the control group.The clinical efficacy indicators,such as the negative conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid,the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid,the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid,and the improvement in the level of immune indicators such as T-cell subsets(CD3,CD4 and CD45)were monitored.Results:COVID-19 patients in the treatment group,compared to the control group,had a shorter negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid(4 vs.9 days,P=0.047)and a shorter interval of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid(0 vs.2 days,P=0.042).The level of CD3+T cells increased in the treatment group compared to the control group([317.09±274.39]vs.[175.02±239.95]counts/l L,P=0.030).No statistically significant differences were detected in the median improvement in levels of CD4+T cells(173 vs.107 counts/l L,P=0.208)and CD45+T cells(366 vs.141 counts/l L,P=0.117)between the treatment and control groups.Conclusion:Significant reductions in the negative conversion time of fecal nucleic acid and the duration of negative conversion of pharyngeal-fecal nucleic acid were identified in the treatment group as compared to the control group,illustrating the potential therapeutic benefits of using TRQC as a complement to conventional medicine in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19.The underlying mechanism may be related to the improved levels of the immune indicator CD3+T cells.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC1404201the NSFCShandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606405+1 种基金the SOA Program on Global Change and AirSea Interactions under contract Nos GASI-IPOVAI-03 and GASI-IPOVAI-02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41606040,41876029,41776016,41706035 and 41606036
文摘A 72-h fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting system was developed for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas. The forecasting model domain covers from from 15°S to 45°N in latitude and 99°E to135°E in longitude including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Indonesian seas. To get precise initial conditions for the coupled forecasting model, the forecasting system conducts a 24-h hindcast simulation with data assimilation before forecasting. The Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter(EAKF) data assimilation method was adopted for the wave model MASNUM with assimilating Jason-2 significant wave height(SWH) data. The EAKF data assimilation method was also introduced to the ROMS model with assimilating sea surface temperature(SST), mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT) and Argo profiles data. To improve simulation of the structure of temperature and salinity, the vertical mixing scheme of the ocean model was improved by considering the surface wave induced vertical mixing and internal wave induced vertical mixing. The wave and current models were integrated from January 2014 to October 2015 driven by the ECMWF reanalysis 6 hourly mean dataset with data assimilation. Then the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean forecasting system was carried out 14 months operational running since November 2015. The forecasting outputs include atmospheric forecast products, wave forecast products and ocean forecast products. A series of observation data are used to evaluate the coupled forecasting results, including the wind, SHW, ocean temperature and velocity.The forecasting results are in good agreement with observation data. The prediction practice for more than one year indicates that the coupled forecasting system performs stably and predict relatively accurate, which can support the shipping safety, the fisheries and the oil exploitation.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0300105)the Transformation Project of Major Scientific and Technological Achievements in Shenyang(No.Z17-5-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N172507002)。
文摘To investigate the interaction mechanism between 95 Cr saw-wire steel and different refractories,we conducted laboratory experiments at 1873 K.Five crucible materials(SiO2,Al2 O3,MgO·Al2 O3,MgO,and MgO-CaO)were used.The results indicate that SiO2,Al2 O3,and MgO·Al2 O3 are not suitable for smelting low-oxygen,low-[Al]s 95 Cr saw-wire steel,mainly because they react with the elements in the molten steel and pollute the steel samples.By contrast,MgO-CaO is an ideal choice to produce 95 Cr saw-wire steel.It offers three advantages:(ⅰ)It does not decompose by itself at the steelmaking temperature of 1873 K because it exhibits good thermal stability;(ⅱ)[C],[Si],and[Mn]in molten steel cannot react with it to increase the[O]content;and(ⅲ)it not only desulfurizes and dephosphorizes but also removes Al2 O3 inclusions from the steel simultaneously.As a result,the contents of the main elements([C],[Si],[Mn],[Cr],N,T.O(total oxygen))in the steel are not affected and the content of impurity elements([Al]s,P,and S)can be perfectly controlled within the target range.Furthermore,the number and size of inclusions in the steel samples decrease sharply when the MgO-CaO crucible is used.
基金supported by Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.2041195020002)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine(No.14DZ2273200)Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty(No.shslczdzk05101)。
文摘Objective:To observe the early interventions of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)on the conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and find possible underlying mechanisms of action.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 300 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were treated with TCM,at a designated hospital in China.The patients were categorized into three groups:TCM1,TCM2 and TCM3,who respectively received TCM interventions within 7,8–14,and greater than15 days of hospitalization.Different indicators such as the conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid,the conversion time of fecal nucleic acid,length of hospital stay,and inflammatory markers(leukocyte count,and lymphocyte count and percentage)were analyzed to observe the impact of early TCM interventions on these groups.Results:The median conversion times of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid in the three groups were 5.5,7 and16 d(P<0.001),with TCM1 and TCM2 being statistically different from TCM3(P<0.01).TCM1(P<0.05)and TCM3(P<0.01)were statistically different from TCM2.The median conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in the three groups were 7,9 and 17 d(P<0.001).Conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in TCM1 were statistically different from TCM3 and TCM2(P<0.01).The median lengths of hospital stay in the three groups were 13,16 and 21 d(P<0.001).TCM1 and TCM2 were statistically different from TCM3(P<0.01);TCM1 and TCM3 were statistically different from TCM2(P<0.01).Both leucocyte and lymphocyte counts increased gradually with an increase in the length of hospital stay in TCM1 group patients,with a statistically significant difference observed at each time point in the group(P<0.001).Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte count and percentage in TCM2(P<0.001),and in leucocyte count(P=0.043)and lymphocyte count(P=0.038)in TCM3 were observed.The comparison among the three groups showed a statistically significant difference in lymphocyte percentage on the third day of admission(P=0.044).Conclusion:In this study,it was observed that in COVID-19 patients treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicines,TCM intervention earlier in the hospital stay correlated with faster conversion time of pharyngeal swab and fecal nucleic acid,as well as shorter length of hospital stay,thus helping promote faster recovery of the patient.The underlying mechanism of action may be related to improving inflammation in patients with COVID-19.
