The objectives of the experiment were to compare the effects of rumen-protected taurine (RPT) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on the nitrogen (N) metabolism,plasma biochemical parameters,and metabolomics in beef ...The objectives of the experiment were to compare the effects of rumen-protected taurine (RPT) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on the nitrogen (N) metabolism,plasma biochemical parameters,and metabolomics in beef steers and to clarify whether taurine plays similar roles as methionine (Met) in the regulation of N metabolism in beef steers.Six Simmental steers aged 12 months (liveweight325±7 kg) were used as experimental animals.The experimental treatments included a basal diet,the basal diet+70.0 g/d RPT and the basal diet+74.2 g/d RPM.The treatments were assigned in a replicated3×3 Latin square design.Each experimental period included 15 d for adaptation and 5 d for sampling.The results showed that supplementing the diet with RPT or RPM did not affect the apparent nutrient digestibility (P>0.05).Supplementing the diet with RPT or RPM increased the N retention (P<0.05) and the N utilization efficiency (NUE)(P<0.05) and decreased the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine(P<0.05) and the estimated skeletal protein degradation rate (P<0.05).Supplementing the diet with RPT increased the plasma concentrations of taurine (P<0.001),cysteine (P=0.010),valine (P=0.013)and total non-essential amino acids (NEAA)(P=0.047) and tended to increase the plasma concentrations of essential amino acids (EAA)+NEAA (P=0.087),but it did not affect the plasma concentrations of total EAA (P>0.05).Supplementing the diet with RPM increased the plasma concentrations of methionine(P=0.033),lysine (P=0.047),cysteine (P=0.007),leucine (P=0.046),isoleucine (P=0.046),valine(P=0.034),total EAA (P=0.028),total NEAA (P=0.004) and EAA+NEAA (P=0.004).The plasma metabolomics profiling revealed that supplementing the diet with RPT upregulated the plasma concentrations of taurine (P<0.001),L-cysteine (P=0.004) and some amino acid (AA) analogues (P<0.05)and RPM upregulated the plasma concentrations of Met (P=0.021),L-isoleucine (P=0.036),L-tryptophan (P=0.006) and some AA analogues (P<0.05).In conclusion,taurine has similar impacts to Met in improving the N retention and the NUE in beef steers.Taurine deficiency negatively affects the NUE of beef steers.Supplementation of the diet with taurine is beneficial to the N utilization in beef steers.展开更多
Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.O...Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.32172748)for financial support.
文摘The objectives of the experiment were to compare the effects of rumen-protected taurine (RPT) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on the nitrogen (N) metabolism,plasma biochemical parameters,and metabolomics in beef steers and to clarify whether taurine plays similar roles as methionine (Met) in the regulation of N metabolism in beef steers.Six Simmental steers aged 12 months (liveweight325±7 kg) were used as experimental animals.The experimental treatments included a basal diet,the basal diet+70.0 g/d RPT and the basal diet+74.2 g/d RPM.The treatments were assigned in a replicated3×3 Latin square design.Each experimental period included 15 d for adaptation and 5 d for sampling.The results showed that supplementing the diet with RPT or RPM did not affect the apparent nutrient digestibility (P>0.05).Supplementing the diet with RPT or RPM increased the N retention (P<0.05) and the N utilization efficiency (NUE)(P<0.05) and decreased the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine(P<0.05) and the estimated skeletal protein degradation rate (P<0.05).Supplementing the diet with RPT increased the plasma concentrations of taurine (P<0.001),cysteine (P=0.010),valine (P=0.013)and total non-essential amino acids (NEAA)(P=0.047) and tended to increase the plasma concentrations of essential amino acids (EAA)+NEAA (P=0.087),but it did not affect the plasma concentrations of total EAA (P>0.05).Supplementing the diet with RPM increased the plasma concentrations of methionine(P=0.033),lysine (P=0.047),cysteine (P=0.007),leucine (P=0.046),isoleucine (P=0.046),valine(P=0.034),total EAA (P=0.028),total NEAA (P=0.004) and EAA+NEAA (P=0.004).The plasma metabolomics profiling revealed that supplementing the diet with RPT upregulated the plasma concentrations of taurine (P<0.001),L-cysteine (P=0.004) and some amino acid (AA) analogues (P<0.05)and RPM upregulated the plasma concentrations of Met (P=0.021),L-isoleucine (P=0.036),L-tryptophan (P=0.006) and some AA analogues (P<0.05).In conclusion,taurine has similar impacts to Met in improving the N retention and the NUE in beef steers.Taurine deficiency negatively affects the NUE of beef steers.Supplementation of the diet with taurine is beneficial to the N utilization in beef steers.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102573).
文摘Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.
