This study proposes a green electrochemical strategy for addressing the high-energy-barrier oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in traditional overall water splitting.Leveraging the thermodynamic advantages of N–H bond act...This study proposes a green electrochemical strategy for addressing the high-energy-barrier oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in traditional overall water splitting.Leveraging the thermodynamic advantages of N–H bond activation/cleavage and N–N coupling processes,the 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole(DAT)oxidative coupling reaction(DATOR)has been introduced to replace the high-energy-barrier oxygen evolution reaction(OER).This substitution enables low-energy-consumption hydrogen production while simultaneously yielding high-value azo energetic materials.Furthermore,to enhance electron and atom economy,the anodic DATOR process allows the hydrogen radicals(H^(*))generated from amine dehydrogenation to chemically combine via the Tafel process,producing hydrogen gas.By constructing coupling system with Pts,n@NiS_(2)@CC cathode and Cu O/CF anode,the operating voltage of the system was significantly reduced(0.96 V@10 m A cm^(-2)),which was 680 mV more energy efficient than conventional water electrolysis(1.64 V).In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations indicate that the anode DATOR generates DAAT through the N–H bond cleavage and N–N coupling path mediated by hydroxyl radicals(OH*),while releasing hydrogen gas.The coupling system has been operating stably for more than 300 h at an industrial-grade current density.This research provides new ideas for dual-electrode hydrogen production and green electrosynthesis of functional materials,with significant energy and economic benefits.展开更多
The level of glutathione(GSH)is significantly associated with numerous pathological processes,thus,real-time detection of the GSH level is of significance for early diagnosis of GSH-related diseases.Herein,we develope...The level of glutathione(GSH)is significantly associated with numerous pathological processes,thus,real-time detection of the GSH level is of significance for early diagnosis of GSH-related diseases.Herein,we developed in vivo second near-infrared(NIR-II)window fluorescence(FL)and ratiometric photoacoustic(RPA)dual-modality imaging of GSH using a GSH-activatable probe(LET-14).LET-14 was synthesized based on a rhodamine hybrid xanthene skeleton with a FL shielding 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonyl group that can be specifically cleaved by GSH,thus resulting in a markedly bathochromic-shift absorption,a 6.5-fold increase in NIR-II FL intensity(FL_(920))and a 13-fold increase in RPA signal(PA_(880)/PA_(705))in vitro.Intriguingly,LET-14 exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity for NIR-II FL and RPA dual-modality imaging of GSH in 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model.Our findings develop an in vivo detection tool of GSH,which has great potential in the field of cancer diagnosis.展开更多
With the development of electronic technologies,piezoresistive sensors have attracted increasing attention.Among them,aerogels with high elasticity,as a type of three-dimensional porous material,are widely used in the...With the development of electronic technologies,piezoresistive sensors have attracted increasing attention.Among them,aerogels with high elasticity,as a type of three-dimensional porous material,are widely used in the field of piezoresistive sensors.Nowadays,with the extension of science and technology areas,fields involving low-temperature environments have emerged,which has led to an increasing demand for piezoresistive sensors that can serve at cryogenic temperatures.However,most studies on aerogels have only focused on their sensing performance at room temperature,and there is a lack of research on aerogel sensors that can work at low temperatures.In this work,piezoresistive sensors based on cotton fibers were proposed for applications at 77 K.As one of the most important natural polymers,cotton fibers have the ability to maintain elasticity at very low temperatures.Cotton fiber-based aerogels with high elasticity and cyclic stability were obtained by controlling the freeze-casting parameters and size distribution of cotton fibers,and they showed excellent pressure sensing properties,including a wide sensing range and remarkable long-term stability.This study bridges the gap in cryogenic sensing materials and provides insights into microstructure-property relationships,advancing applications in aerospace and cryogenic engineering.展开更多
Surface-adhering biofilms contribute significantly to irreversible biofouling and corrosion,presenting a multi-trillion-dollar annual problem in public health and industry.Strategies employing antibacterial elements a...Surface-adhering biofilms contribute significantly to irreversible biofouling and corrosion,presenting a multi-trillion-dollar annual problem in public health and industry.Strategies employing antibacterial elements are emerging to fabricate multifunctional coatings that effectively combat such microbially produced damage.However,rapid,reliable,and robust surface engineering remains challenging due to stability limitations and intricate anti-biofilm additive dynamics.Herein,a silver-capsule-conjugated polyurethane coating with high stability and antimicrobial efficacy in a cooperative manner is developed through controlled supramolecular self-assembly.Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-mediated molecule entanglement breaks through the incompatibility between polymeric components and nanomaterials,strengthening the dispersion and fixation of encapsulated silver nanoparticles.The facilitation and control of the nanoscale interfacial binding significantly suppresses the aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles and consequent microcracks development,giving rise to mechanical robustness and thermal stability of the hybrid coating under extreme conditions.A synergistic combination of exposed residues,electrostatic,and coordination interactions could readily integrate the resultant coating on virtually arbitrary material sur-faces.This composite coating exhibits broad-spectrum and high bactericidal efficiencies of 99.99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,as well as excellent biofilm formation suppression.Moreover,our coating has robust resistance to microbial-influenced corrosion(MIC)and can even endure 720 h of salt spray.This study deciphers a general code for creating stable and durable nanohybrid coatings to mitigate microbially related risks.展开更多
BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regu...BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regulatory mechanisms require further exploration.AIM To investigate PMS therapeutic effects on T2DM in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS An in vitro damage model of MIN6 cells was established using HG and palmitic acid(PA).PMS's protective effect on cell damage was assessed.Next,transcriptomics was employed to examine how PMS treatment affects gene expression of MIN6 cells.Furthermore,the effect of PMS on protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways was validated.A T2DM mouse model was used to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PMS in vivo.RESULTS PMS intervention ameliorated cell injury in HG+PA-induced MIN6 cell damage.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways were enriched in cells treated with PMS,with significant downregulation of the gene Dnajc1.Further validation indicated that PMS significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC)and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of PMS on ERS and apoptosis were abolished upon Dnajc1 silencing.Furthermore,in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMS intervention effectively improved pancreatic damage,suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC),and ERS-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1 in a T2DM model mice.CONCLUSION PMS intervention could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage effectively.The mechanism of action involves Dnajc1 activation,which subsequently inhibits apoptosis and ERS,ameliorating damage to pancreaticβ-cells.展开更多
The microstructural evolution,phase stability,and mechanical properties of Al-Li-Mg-Ti-M(M=Zn,Zr,V)lightweight high-entropy alloys(LW-HEAs)were investigated.The LW-HEAs with three components,Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)-Ti_(...The microstructural evolution,phase stability,and mechanical properties of Al-Li-Mg-Ti-M(M=Zn,Zr,V)lightweight high-entropy alloys(LW-HEAs)were investigated.The LW-HEAs with three components,Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)-Ti_(40)Zn_(10)(#Zn),Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)Ti_(30)Zr_(20)(#Zr),and Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)Ti_(30)V_(20)(#V),were designed according to the thermo-dynamic design criteria of HEA,and prepared via a combination process of mechanical alloying and cold-press sintering.The effects of alloy composition and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the LW-HEAs were studied.The results show that the as-milled Al-Li-Mg-Ti-M(M=Zn,Zr,V)LW-HEAs form a simple structure with HCP-type solid solution as the primary phase,a dual-HCP type solid solution phase,and a BCC phase,respectively.After cold-press sintering,the#Zn and#V alloys undergo obvious phase transformation;while the#Zr alloy with dual-HCP phases exhibits the best phase stability during heat treatment.The#V-750°C alloy demonstrates the maximum hardness and specific strength of HV 595.2 and 625 MPa∙cm3/g,respectively,under the combined effect of solid solution strengthening of BCC phase and precipitation strengthening ofβ-AlTi_(3).Moreover,the#Zr-650°C,#Zr-750°C,and#Zn-650°C alloys are expected to have excellent plasticity.展开更多
Abstract--The time-optimal control design of the double integrator is extended to the finite-time stabilization design that compensates both input saturation and input delay. With the aid of the Artstein＇s transforma...Abstract--The time-optimal control design of the double integrator is extended to the finite-time stabilization design that compensates both input saturation and input delay. With the aid of the Artstein＇s transformation, the problem is reduced to assigning a saturated finite-time stabilizer. Index Terms--Finite-time stabilization, input delay, saturated design.展开更多
Rational design of composite catalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer is of great significance to achieve efficient degradation of pollutants.Herein,CuInS_(2)nanoparticles are skillfully deposited on Ti...Rational design of composite catalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer is of great significance to achieve efficient degradation of pollutants.Herein,CuInS_(2)nanoparticles are skillfully deposited on TiO_(2)nanofibers through a hydrothermal method.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction is confirmed through free radical trapping experiments,in‐situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)measurements,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(fs-TAS)results.These results reveal that the built-in electric field within the S-scheme heterojunction significantly enhances charge separation and transfer,boosting the catalyst's redox capabilities.The TiO_(2)/CuInS_(2)photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic performance,achieving a degradation rate of 89%within 21 min of light irradiation,which is almost 2.2 times higher than that of TiO_(2).Additionally,the degradation products of TCH are investigated using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS),offering insights into the degradation pathway.This study highlights the potential advantage of ultrafast charge carrier transfer in S-scheme heterojunction,providing a promising strategy for designing high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for environmental remediation.The findings offer new directions for improving the degradation of persistent pollutants like tetracyclines.展开更多
Liver cancer is a major killer threatening human health worldwide.At this stage the clinical choice to the treatment of liver cancer is a combination of surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Alternatively,using hydrog...Liver cancer is a major killer threatening human health worldwide.At this stage the clinical choice to the treatment of liver cancer is a combination of surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Alternatively,using hydrogen to treat cancer has great prospects and development space.Herein,we fabricated a hierarchical and flexible electrode that being able to continuously generate hydrogen in vivo in the deep abdominal liver through efficient water electrolysis to kill tumor cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment.The flexibility of the electrode facilitated to fit the tumor surface and thus improved the contact area of hydrogen therapy.By in situ growth of molybdenum disulfide on a hierarchical carbon skeleton,improved reaction kinetics and smaller impedance with a low overpotential of 1.02 V at-10 m A/cm^(2)in cell culture medium and Tafel slope of 73 m V/dec were achieved.Animal experiments showed that the electrode could effectively inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice by efficient H_(2)-production in vivo.The apoptosis rate of cancer cells reached 81.8%,and the proliferation rate decreased to 3.39%.Moreover,this treatment does not affect the growth of normal hepatocytes according to the results of cell experiments.This study demonstrated that the in vivo hydrogen production by our flexible electrode is a safe and effective treatment for liver cancer,with the advantages of minimal invasiveness,simple operation,low side effects and low cost.展开更多
The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior and texture formation mechanism in an AZ31 magnesium alloy wheel hub during the spinning process were investigated.Analysis using optical microscopy,electron backscatter diff...The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior and texture formation mechanism in an AZ31 magnesium alloy wheel hub during the spinning process were investigated.Analysis using optical microscopy,electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and finite element simulation revealed that continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)and grain boundary bulging occurred simultaneously throughout the spinning process,leading to an increased proportion of DRXed grain areas.The newly formed DRXed grains largely retained the orientations of their deformed parent grains.The spinning process had two stages:initially,deformation was driven by basalslip as the roller contacted the alloy and descended to its lowest point.In the later stage,pyramidal<c+a>slips became predominant as additional force was applied along the spinning direction(SD),forming a final texture with the c-axis tilting±15°towards the SD.This texture development led to discernible anisotropy in tensile properties along the SD and the tangential direction(TD).展开更多
Livestock management plays a crucial role in environmental protection,food security,and sustainable livelihoods worldwide.However,comprehensive research on its microeconomic dimensions remains limited.Here,we used pie...Livestock management plays a crucial role in environmental protection,food security,and sustainable livelihoods worldwide.However,comprehensive research on its microeconomic dimensions remains limited.Here,we used piecewise structural equation modeling to identify key drivers of livestock management among rural smallholders,focusing on livestock stocking rates(LSR)and livestock offtake rates(LOR).Data were collected via semi-structured questionnaires and household head interviews in 54 villages in northern Xizang between2018 and 2020(n=549).Our findings revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in livestock management,with households in alpine meadows showing the highest LSR(2.14 standardized sheep units per hectare,SSU·ha^(-1))and the lowest LOR(9%),in contrast to households in desert steppe areas(0.27 SSU·ha^(-1)and 15%,respectively).Across northern Xizang,five grouped environmental factors—climatic conditions,natural resource endowment,market conditions,demographics,and household income—jointly explained 66%and 20%of the variance in LSR and LOR,respectively.Biophysical factors had a greater influence than socioeconomic ones,though demographic variables and market conditions were also positively correlated with LSR and LOR,respectively.Given the consistently low LOR among species(9%–15%),with marked differences between yaks and sheep(5%)and goats(2%),targeted policies are needed to encourage herders to adopt circular economy practices to balance ecological conservation with economic growth.This study highlights an underutilized livestock economy in high-altitude pastoral communities and clarifies the interplay of biophysical and socioeconomic factors in herders'decision-making.The findings offer valuable insights for refining policy frameworks related to livestock and environmental management in rural China and beyond.展开更多
Though oncolytic viruses(OVs)hold significant potential for comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors,their systemic administration faces substantial challenges such as insufficient circulation time,inadequate tumor...Though oncolytic viruses(OVs)hold significant potential for comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors,their systemic administration faces substantial challenges such as insufficient circulation time,inadequate tumor targeting,and spontaneous antiviral immune response of the body,which seriously limits the clinical application of OVs.Herein,we proposed a tumor targeting strategy of tumor cell membrane biomimetic liposomes to encapsulate OVs for intravenous delivery,which enables OVs to target the homotypic tumor lesions and exert their oncolytic effect.On the one hand,this cell membrane biomimetic carrier enhanced the encapsulation of OVs by the hybrid lipid membranes,concealed the viral capsid proteins,and diminished the neutralization and clearance of the virions from the bloodstream.On the other hand,enhanced tumor targeted delivery can be achieved through the utilization of homologous adhesion molecules on the surface of tumor cell membrane.In addition,this strategy also promoted the tumor infiltration of CD4^(+),CD8^(+)T cells mediated by the oncolytic effect of OVs and increased the levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the tumor,thereby effectively enhancing the anti-tumor effect of intravenous administration of OVs.The findings of our study demonstrate that T-L@Ad11 offers a handy and efficient approach for targeting tumors,thereby enhancing the antitumor efficacy of intravenous administration of OVs.展开更多
The March 11,2011,MW9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake,in Japan,caused rapid strain release near the epicenter,while the Boso Peninsula,located farther away,experienced stress redistribution,leading to changes in the recurrenc...The March 11,2011,MW9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake,in Japan,caused rapid strain release near the epicenter,while the Boso Peninsula,located farther away,experienced stress redistribution,leading to changes in the recurrence interval of slow slip events(SSEs)and regional strain.This study focuses on three detected post-2011 Boso SSEs,utilizing a segmented model displacement time series measured by Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to calculate velocity and strain rate fields for eight periods before,during,and after the SSEs.Results show that the 2011 earthquake and the three SSEs significantly alter the velocity field in the Boso region,with SSE velocities predominantly oriented southeast,reaching maximum values of 26.9 cm/a,10.6 cm/a,and 38.5 cm/adnearly opposite to non-SSE periods.After the third SSE,the velocity field nearly returns to its pre-earthquake state,with a maximum of 1.8 cm/a.The maximum shear strain rates during the three SSEs are 25.88×10^(-7) a^(-1),11.38×10^(-7) a^(-1),and 29.02×10^(-7) a^(-1)(i.e.,per annum),significantly higher than those during non-slow slip periods,with principal strain rates following a similar pattern.The spatial distribution of strain rates during the SSEs indicates greater deformation compared to the non-slip periods,dominated by northwest-southeast extension and southwest-northeast compression.Spatiotemporal analysis reveals a strong correlation between seismic frequency and strain rate during the SSEs,with time correlation coefficients of 0.85,0.88,and 0.9.Although larger accumulated strain results in stronger strain release during the latter two SSEs,not all strain is fully released,suggesting that earthquake swarms accompanying the SSEs may contribute to the partial release of unreleased strain.This study,through the analysis of GNSS data,evaluates the spatiotemporal distribution of strain fields during periodic SSEs,contributing to further research on strain accumulation and release,and aiding in the analysis of this regional seismic activity.展开更多
Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zeal...Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zealand,SSEs frequently occur alongside seismic activity,especially in the Manawatu and Kapiti regions.This study analyzes the 2021-2023 Kapiti-Manawatu long-term SSE using daily displacement data(2019-2023)from 53 GPS stations.The network inversion filter(NIF)method is applied to extract slow slip signals,revealing spatial migration with alternating slip between Kapiti and Manawatu,characterized by distinct phases of acceleration and deceleration.Manawatu exhibits higher slip rates,exceeding 4 cm/month,with greater cumulative slip and surface displacement than Kapiti.A moderate temporal correlation(coefficient 0.59)between seismic activity in the region and slip acceleration in Manawatu suggests that seismic events may contribute to the slip,while no significant correlation is observed in Kapiti.展开更多
The Zhujiang River Mouth Basin,a primary depocenter for terrigenous sediments in the western Pacific,presents a semienclosed tectonic setting with limited exchange with the open ocean.This unique feature enables syste...The Zhujiang River Mouth Basin,a primary depocenter for terrigenous sediments in the western Pacific,presents a semienclosed tectonic setting with limited exchange with the open ocean.This unique feature enables systematic linkages among sedimentary processes,climate change,regional sea-level fluctuations,and tectonic events.To explore these linkages,this study focuses on Well PY35 in the Baiyun Sag of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin.By integrating microfossil analysis with Milankovitch cycle analysis of well log data,an astronomical time scale(ATS)(17.54-7.80 Ma)and a high-resolution stratigraphic framework were established,allowing for the calculation of sedimentation rates across different hierarchical sequences and time intervals.The results indicate that between 17.54 Ma and 7.80 Ma,the sedimentation rate initially increased and then decreased,ranging from 6.1 cm/ka to 45.7 cm/ka,with an average rate of 22.2 cm/ka.During the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum(MMCO),sedimentation rates were moderate and exhibited an increasing trend,largely driven by increased sediment input due to enhanced weathering from rising temperatures and by expanded accommodation space resulting from tectonic subsidence.Meanwhile,the Middle Miocene Climate Transition(MMCT)was marked by a notable rise in sedimentation rates,consistent with a major sea-level fall due to global cooling,which promoted the direct seaward progradation of marginal sediments.The Late Middle Miocene to Late Miocene had the lowest sedimentation rates,which can be attributed to reduced weathering under cold and arid conditions,along with a sea-level rise induced by regional tectonics.The short-term increase in the sedimentation rate observed at 10.4 Ma may have been driven by sea-level fluctuations.This study provides both theoretical and empirical support for understanding the influence of abrupt climate changes on sedimentary processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness.However,the current DR biomarkers are insufficient for accurately predicting its onset.AIM To identify a novel marker for predicti...BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness.However,the current DR biomarkers are insufficient for accurately predicting its onset.AIM To identify a novel marker for predicting the risk of developing DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 6993 hospitalized T2DM patients between 2013 and 2020.Patients were divided into two groups:The DR group and the non-DR group.Data were analyzed using univariate,correlation,multivariate,subgroup,and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.RESULTS Total bilirubin,indirect bilirubin(IBIL),and direct bilirubin were negatively correlated with the risk of developing DR(P<0.001).Moreover,these three factors were all positively correlated with clinical indicators related to DR,including the estimated glomerular filtration rate,the albumin/creatinine ratio,and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 level(P<0.001).After adjusting for multiple variables,greater IBIL levels remained independently associated with a lower risk of developing DR(odds ratio=0.500;95%confidence interval:0.363-0.686;P<0.001).The optimal IBIL cutoff point for predicting the risk of DR in male patients with elevated diastolic blood pressure was 0.655μmol/dL(area under the curve=0.662).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IBIL could be a valuable biomarker for predicting DR risk,offering a noninvasive,cost-effective,and readily available clinical tool for the early identification of high-risk patients.Future multicenter and longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings and further explore the biological mechanisms underlying the protective role of IBIL in DR.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major cause of cancer-related mortality,with limited therapeutic options for advanced stages.Simvastatin,primarily used to lower cholesterol,has shown potential as an anticancer a...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major cause of cancer-related mortality,with limited therapeutic options for advanced stages.Simvastatin,primarily used to lower cholesterol,has shown potential as an anticancer agent.It may exert its effects by inhibiting SERPINE1,a protein implicated in CRC progression,and activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G(cGMP/PKG)signaling pathway.Given these findings,this study hypothesizes that simvastatin inhibits CRC cell proliferation and migration by downregulating SERPINE1 and activating the cGMP/PKG pathway,offering a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC management.AIM To study the effects of simvastatin on the function of colon cancer cells and to uncover the underlying mechanisms.METHODS NCM460,HCT-116,and SW620 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments with simvastatin at doses of 20μM,40μM,and 80μM.The Stitch database was used to analyze the target genes of simvastatin,whereas STRING was used to investigate SERPINE1 and its related pathways.HCT-116 and SW620 cells were transfected with single-cell RNA sequencing reveals SERPINE1 with or without Rp-8-Br-cGMP(a PKG inhibitor).Cell toxicity,proliferation,and migration were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8,colony formation,and Transwell assays,respectively.Apoptosis was analyzed via flow cytometry,and levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and ferrous ion(Fe^(2+))were detected using commercial kits.Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze gene expression.RESULTS Simvastatin dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCT-116 and SW620 cells while promoting apoptosis.It downregulated Ki-67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,MMP2,and MMP9,and upregulated Bax,particularly at higher doses.Simvastatin increased the ROS,MDA,and Fe^(2+)levels while decreasing the GSH levels.It downregulated SLC7A11 and ferroportin and upregulated TRF1.SERPINE1 was identified as a core target,with related genes enriched in the cGMP/PKG pathway.SERPINE1 knockdown increased GUCY1B1 and PRKG1 levels,decreased cell viability,and altered oxidative stress markers,with the effects being reversed by Rp-8-Br-cGMP.CONCLUSION Simvastatin effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells and promoted apoptosis through the modulation of key targets,such as SERPINE1 and the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway.展开更多
Although sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a promising cancer treatment that induces DNA and macromolecular damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),its therapeutic efficacy is limited by local hypoxia a...Although sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a promising cancer treatment that induces DNA and macromolecular damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),its therapeutic efficacy is limited by local hypoxia and ROS defense mechanisms in tumors.This study propose d a novel tumor treatment approach,focusing on ROS-mediated therapy by targ eting the nucleus and depleting glutathione(GSH)levels,which was achieved through a nanoplatform(Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX)with integrated functions including GSH detection and depletion,pH-responsive drug release,and nuclear targeting.The Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX nanoplatform effectively differentiated normal and cancer cells and also exhibited excellent biocompatibility.Depletion of GSH levels and increased ROS sensitivity of cells significantly improved the effectiveness of SDT,as demonstrated in vitro using Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX,which also exhibited significant cellular uptake.Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX exerted potent antitumor effects in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional tum or microenvironment models(3 DM-7721).Moreover,in 3 DM-7721 models,hepatoma cells(SMMC-7721)demonstrated significant inhibition of motility,invasion,and colony formation after exposure to Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX.Furthermore,intravenous administration of the Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX nanoplatform enabled precise and rapid tumor-targeting,followed by ultrasound-triggered therapy,without adverse effects in nude mice.Hence,this nanoplatform provides a promising strategy for designing cancer therapies and delivering nuclear-targeted drugs.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low...Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low temperatures.However,few genes for cold tolerance have been identified.In this study,we identified OsALA4(Aminophospholipid ATPase 4),encoding a plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPase,from a chromosomal segment substitution line(CSSL-K2832-2)harboring cold-tolerance QTL qLTS5(Low Temperature Sensitive 5).Genetic and subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsALA4 regulates cold tolerance by maintaining plasma membrane fluidity and cellular homeostasis.Physiological assessments showed that OsALA4 reduces malondialdehyde(MDA),electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and cell death under cold stress.Promoter activity assays indicated that stronger OsALA4 expression in Nipponbare(OsALA4Nip)correlated with enhanced cold tolerance.Further experiments demonstrated that SNP sites within the promoter regions(-1500 bp to-700 bp)of OsALA4Nipand OsALA49311influenced their activity.This study highlights Os ALA4 as a valuable genetic target for breeding cold tolerant rice.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22473089,22573079)Shaanxi Key Research and Development Project(2024GX-YBXM-452)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Project of Shaanxi(2023BSHYDZZ137)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(959202313084)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(24JS050)the Zhijian Laboratory Program(2024-ZJSYS-KF02-03)。
文摘This study proposes a green electrochemical strategy for addressing the high-energy-barrier oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in traditional overall water splitting.Leveraging the thermodynamic advantages of N–H bond activation/cleavage and N–N coupling processes,the 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole(DAT)oxidative coupling reaction(DATOR)has been introduced to replace the high-energy-barrier oxygen evolution reaction(OER).This substitution enables low-energy-consumption hydrogen production while simultaneously yielding high-value azo energetic materials.Furthermore,to enhance electron and atom economy,the anodic DATOR process allows the hydrogen radicals(H^(*))generated from amine dehydrogenation to chemically combine via the Tafel process,producing hydrogen gas.By constructing coupling system with Pts,n@NiS_(2)@CC cathode and Cu O/CF anode,the operating voltage of the system was significantly reduced(0.96 V@10 m A cm^(-2)),which was 680 mV more energy efficient than conventional water electrolysis(1.64 V).In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations indicate that the anode DATOR generates DAAT through the N–H bond cleavage and N–N coupling path mediated by hydroxyl radicals(OH*),while releasing hydrogen gas.The coupling system has been operating stably for more than 300 h at an industrial-grade current density.This research provides new ideas for dual-electrode hydrogen production and green electrosynthesis of functional materials,with significant energy and economic benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82372116,U23A2097)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515010620)+2 种基金Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Nos.B2302047,A2302047)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220818095806014)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(No.2023QNT019).
文摘The level of glutathione(GSH)is significantly associated with numerous pathological processes,thus,real-time detection of the GSH level is of significance for early diagnosis of GSH-related diseases.Herein,we developed in vivo second near-infrared(NIR-II)window fluorescence(FL)and ratiometric photoacoustic(RPA)dual-modality imaging of GSH using a GSH-activatable probe(LET-14).LET-14 was synthesized based on a rhodamine hybrid xanthene skeleton with a FL shielding 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonyl group that can be specifically cleaved by GSH,thus resulting in a markedly bathochromic-shift absorption,a 6.5-fold increase in NIR-II FL intensity(FL_(920))and a 13-fold increase in RPA signal(PA_(880)/PA_(705))in vitro.Intriguingly,LET-14 exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity for NIR-II FL and RPA dual-modality imaging of GSH in 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model.Our findings develop an in vivo detection tool of GSH,which has great potential in the field of cancer diagnosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073294)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB4000700)+1 种基金Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.YSBR-017)The authors are highly grateful to Mr.Fan-Ming Zhao for Cryogenic Mechanical Testing.
文摘With the development of electronic technologies,piezoresistive sensors have attracted increasing attention.Among them,aerogels with high elasticity,as a type of three-dimensional porous material,are widely used in the field of piezoresistive sensors.Nowadays,with the extension of science and technology areas,fields involving low-temperature environments have emerged,which has led to an increasing demand for piezoresistive sensors that can serve at cryogenic temperatures.However,most studies on aerogels have only focused on their sensing performance at room temperature,and there is a lack of research on aerogel sensors that can work at low temperatures.In this work,piezoresistive sensors based on cotton fibers were proposed for applications at 77 K.As one of the most important natural polymers,cotton fibers have the ability to maintain elasticity at very low temperatures.Cotton fiber-based aerogels with high elasticity and cyclic stability were obtained by controlling the freeze-casting parameters and size distribution of cotton fibers,and they showed excellent pressure sensing properties,including a wide sensing range and remarkable long-term stability.This study bridges the gap in cryogenic sensing materials and provides insights into microstructure-property relationships,advancing applications in aerospace and cryogenic engineering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3808800,Dake Xu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2006219(Dake Xu),52301081(Xiangyu Li))+4 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20220059,Xiangyu Li)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M720677,Xiangyu Li)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023-BS-052,Xiangyu Li)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2302015,Xiangyu Li)the State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings Funded Project(Grant No.2024020800027,Xiangyu Li).
文摘Surface-adhering biofilms contribute significantly to irreversible biofouling and corrosion,presenting a multi-trillion-dollar annual problem in public health and industry.Strategies employing antibacterial elements are emerging to fabricate multifunctional coatings that effectively combat such microbially produced damage.However,rapid,reliable,and robust surface engineering remains challenging due to stability limitations and intricate anti-biofilm additive dynamics.Herein,a silver-capsule-conjugated polyurethane coating with high stability and antimicrobial efficacy in a cooperative manner is developed through controlled supramolecular self-assembly.Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-mediated molecule entanglement breaks through the incompatibility between polymeric components and nanomaterials,strengthening the dispersion and fixation of encapsulated silver nanoparticles.The facilitation and control of the nanoscale interfacial binding significantly suppresses the aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles and consequent microcracks development,giving rise to mechanical robustness and thermal stability of the hybrid coating under extreme conditions.A synergistic combination of exposed residues,electrostatic,and coordination interactions could readily integrate the resultant coating on virtually arbitrary material sur-faces.This composite coating exhibits broad-spectrum and high bactericidal efficiencies of 99.99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,as well as excellent biofilm formation suppression.Moreover,our coating has robust resistance to microbial-influenced corrosion(MIC)and can even endure 720 h of salt spray.This study deciphers a general code for creating stable and durable nanohybrid coatings to mitigate microbially related risks.
基金Yuansong Wang National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio,No.4(2022).
文摘BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regulatory mechanisms require further exploration.AIM To investigate PMS therapeutic effects on T2DM in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS An in vitro damage model of MIN6 cells was established using HG and palmitic acid(PA).PMS's protective effect on cell damage was assessed.Next,transcriptomics was employed to examine how PMS treatment affects gene expression of MIN6 cells.Furthermore,the effect of PMS on protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways was validated.A T2DM mouse model was used to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PMS in vivo.RESULTS PMS intervention ameliorated cell injury in HG+PA-induced MIN6 cell damage.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways were enriched in cells treated with PMS,with significant downregulation of the gene Dnajc1.Further validation indicated that PMS significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC)and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of PMS on ERS and apoptosis were abolished upon Dnajc1 silencing.Furthermore,in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMS intervention effectively improved pancreatic damage,suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC),and ERS-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1 in a T2DM model mice.CONCLUSION PMS intervention could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage effectively.The mechanism of action involves Dnajc1 activation,which subsequently inhibits apoptosis and ERS,ameliorating damage to pancreaticβ-cells.
基金financially supported by China Aeronautical Science Foundation (No.2023Z0530Q9002)the Program for Chongqing Talents,China (No.cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0066)。
文摘The microstructural evolution,phase stability,and mechanical properties of Al-Li-Mg-Ti-M(M=Zn,Zr,V)lightweight high-entropy alloys(LW-HEAs)were investigated.The LW-HEAs with three components,Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)-Ti_(40)Zn_(10)(#Zn),Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)Ti_(30)Zr_(20)(#Zr),and Al_(20)Li_(20)Mg_(10)Ti_(30)V_(20)(#V),were designed according to the thermo-dynamic design criteria of HEA,and prepared via a combination process of mechanical alloying and cold-press sintering.The effects of alloy composition and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the LW-HEAs were studied.The results show that the as-milled Al-Li-Mg-Ti-M(M=Zn,Zr,V)LW-HEAs form a simple structure with HCP-type solid solution as the primary phase,a dual-HCP type solid solution phase,and a BCC phase,respectively.After cold-press sintering,the#Zn and#V alloys undergo obvious phase transformation;while the#Zr alloy with dual-HCP phases exhibits the best phase stability during heat treatment.The#V-750°C alloy demonstrates the maximum hardness and specific strength of HV 595.2 and 625 MPa∙cm3/g,respectively,under the combined effect of solid solution strengthening of BCC phase and precipitation strengthening ofβ-AlTi_(3).Moreover,the#Zr-650°C,#Zr-750°C,and#Zn-650°C alloys are expected to have excellent plasticity.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61374024,61321003,61325309)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(14JJ2016)the Teacher Research Foundation of Central South University(2013JSJJ023)
文摘Abstract--The time-optimal control design of the double integrator is extended to the finite-time stabilization design that compensates both input saturation and input delay. With the aid of the Artstein＇s transformation, the problem is reduced to assigning a saturated finite-time stabilizer. Index Terms--Finite-time stabilization, input delay, saturated design.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207386,22378103,52372294,and 22262025)the Middle-aged and Young Teachers’Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi(No.2021KY0390).
文摘Rational design of composite catalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer is of great significance to achieve efficient degradation of pollutants.Herein,CuInS_(2)nanoparticles are skillfully deposited on TiO_(2)nanofibers through a hydrothermal method.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction is confirmed through free radical trapping experiments,in‐situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)measurements,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(fs-TAS)results.These results reveal that the built-in electric field within the S-scheme heterojunction significantly enhances charge separation and transfer,boosting the catalyst's redox capabilities.The TiO_(2)/CuInS_(2)photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic performance,achieving a degradation rate of 89%within 21 min of light irradiation,which is almost 2.2 times higher than that of TiO_(2).Additionally,the degradation products of TCH are investigated using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS),offering insights into the degradation pathway.This study highlights the potential advantage of ultrafast charge carrier transfer in S-scheme heterojunction,providing a promising strategy for designing high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for environmental remediation.The findings offer new directions for improving the degradation of persistent pollutants like tetracyclines.
基金financially supported by research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173235)Science and Technology Innovation and Improving Project of Army Medical University(No.2021XJS24)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Capability Enhancement Project of Army Medical University(No.2022XJS20)Key Innovation Project for Clinical Technology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University(No.2018JSLC0025)。
文摘Liver cancer is a major killer threatening human health worldwide.At this stage the clinical choice to the treatment of liver cancer is a combination of surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Alternatively,using hydrogen to treat cancer has great prospects and development space.Herein,we fabricated a hierarchical and flexible electrode that being able to continuously generate hydrogen in vivo in the deep abdominal liver through efficient water electrolysis to kill tumor cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment.The flexibility of the electrode facilitated to fit the tumor surface and thus improved the contact area of hydrogen therapy.By in situ growth of molybdenum disulfide on a hierarchical carbon skeleton,improved reaction kinetics and smaller impedance with a low overpotential of 1.02 V at-10 m A/cm^(2)in cell culture medium and Tafel slope of 73 m V/dec were achieved.Animal experiments showed that the electrode could effectively inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice by efficient H_(2)-production in vivo.The apoptosis rate of cancer cells reached 81.8%,and the proliferation rate decreased to 3.39%.Moreover,this treatment does not affect the growth of normal hepatocytes according to the results of cell experiments.This study demonstrated that the in vivo hydrogen production by our flexible electrode is a safe and effective treatment for liver cancer,with the advantages of minimal invasiveness,simple operation,low side effects and low cost.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204407)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20220595)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723689)。
文摘The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior and texture formation mechanism in an AZ31 magnesium alloy wheel hub during the spinning process were investigated.Analysis using optical microscopy,electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and finite element simulation revealed that continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)and grain boundary bulging occurred simultaneously throughout the spinning process,leading to an increased proportion of DRXed grain areas.The newly formed DRXed grains largely retained the orientations of their deformed parent grains.The spinning process had two stages:initially,deformation was driven by basalslip as the roller contacted the alloy and descended to its lowest point.In the later stage,pyramidal<c+a>slips became predominant as additional force was applied along the spinning direction(SD),forming a final texture with the c-axis tilting±15°towards the SD.This texture development led to discernible anisotropy in tensile properties along the SD and the tangential direction(TD).
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK1002)the Innovation Talent Exchange of Foreign Expert Program under the Belt and Road Initiative(Grant No.DL2021056001L)。
文摘Livestock management plays a crucial role in environmental protection,food security,and sustainable livelihoods worldwide.However,comprehensive research on its microeconomic dimensions remains limited.Here,we used piecewise structural equation modeling to identify key drivers of livestock management among rural smallholders,focusing on livestock stocking rates(LSR)and livestock offtake rates(LOR).Data were collected via semi-structured questionnaires and household head interviews in 54 villages in northern Xizang between2018 and 2020(n=549).Our findings revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in livestock management,with households in alpine meadows showing the highest LSR(2.14 standardized sheep units per hectare,SSU·ha^(-1))and the lowest LOR(9%),in contrast to households in desert steppe areas(0.27 SSU·ha^(-1)and 15%,respectively).Across northern Xizang,five grouped environmental factors—climatic conditions,natural resource endowment,market conditions,demographics,and household income—jointly explained 66%and 20%of the variance in LSR and LOR,respectively.Biophysical factors had a greater influence than socioeconomic ones,though demographic variables and market conditions were also positively correlated with LSR and LOR,respectively.Given the consistently low LOR among species(9%–15%),with marked differences between yaks and sheep(5%)and goats(2%),targeted policies are needed to encourage herders to adopt circular economy practices to balance ecological conservation with economic growth.This study highlights an underutilized livestock economy in high-altitude pastoral communities and clarifies the interplay of biophysical and socioeconomic factors in herders'decision-making.The findings offer valuable insights for refining policy frameworks related to livestock and environmental management in rural China and beyond.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2403401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.82073368,82303766)+2 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2007071)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743908)the Joint Program of Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province(No.2023JH2/101700094).
文摘Though oncolytic viruses(OVs)hold significant potential for comprehensive treatment of malignant tumors,their systemic administration faces substantial challenges such as insufficient circulation time,inadequate tumor targeting,and spontaneous antiviral immune response of the body,which seriously limits the clinical application of OVs.Herein,we proposed a tumor targeting strategy of tumor cell membrane biomimetic liposomes to encapsulate OVs for intravenous delivery,which enables OVs to target the homotypic tumor lesions and exert their oncolytic effect.On the one hand,this cell membrane biomimetic carrier enhanced the encapsulation of OVs by the hybrid lipid membranes,concealed the viral capsid proteins,and diminished the neutralization and clearance of the virions from the bloodstream.On the other hand,enhanced tumor targeted delivery can be achieved through the utilization of homologous adhesion molecules on the surface of tumor cell membrane.In addition,this strategy also promoted the tumor infiltration of CD4^(+),CD8^(+)T cells mediated by the oncolytic effect of OVs and increased the levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the tumor,thereby effectively enhancing the anti-tumor effect of intravenous administration of OVs.The findings of our study demonstrate that T-L@Ad11 offers a handy and efficient approach for targeting tumors,thereby enhancing the antitumor efficacy of intravenous administration of OVs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41704031,42374040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department(20232BAB203073)the Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake,Ministry of Natural Resources(MEMI-2021-2022-29).
文摘The March 11,2011,MW9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake,in Japan,caused rapid strain release near the epicenter,while the Boso Peninsula,located farther away,experienced stress redistribution,leading to changes in the recurrence interval of slow slip events(SSEs)and regional strain.This study focuses on three detected post-2011 Boso SSEs,utilizing a segmented model displacement time series measured by Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)to calculate velocity and strain rate fields for eight periods before,during,and after the SSEs.Results show that the 2011 earthquake and the three SSEs significantly alter the velocity field in the Boso region,with SSE velocities predominantly oriented southeast,reaching maximum values of 26.9 cm/a,10.6 cm/a,and 38.5 cm/adnearly opposite to non-SSE periods.After the third SSE,the velocity field nearly returns to its pre-earthquake state,with a maximum of 1.8 cm/a.The maximum shear strain rates during the three SSEs are 25.88×10^(-7) a^(-1),11.38×10^(-7) a^(-1),and 29.02×10^(-7) a^(-1)(i.e.,per annum),significantly higher than those during non-slow slip periods,with principal strain rates following a similar pattern.The spatial distribution of strain rates during the SSEs indicates greater deformation compared to the non-slip periods,dominated by northwest-southeast extension and southwest-northeast compression.Spatiotemporal analysis reveals a strong correlation between seismic frequency and strain rate during the SSEs,with time correlation coefficients of 0.85,0.88,and 0.9.Although larger accumulated strain results in stronger strain release during the latter two SSEs,not all strain is fully released,suggesting that earthquake swarms accompanying the SSEs may contribute to the partial release of unreleased strain.This study,through the analysis of GNSS data,evaluates the spatiotemporal distribution of strain fields during periodic SSEs,contributing to further research on strain accumulation and release,and aiding in the analysis of this regional seismic activity.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41704031,42374040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Science and Technology Department(20232BAB203073)the Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake,Ministry of Natural Resources(MEMI-2021-2022-29).
文摘Various slow slip events(SSEs)with distinct characteristics have been detected globally,particularly in regions with dense Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)networks.In the Hikurangi subduction zone of New Zealand,SSEs frequently occur alongside seismic activity,especially in the Manawatu and Kapiti regions.This study analyzes the 2021-2023 Kapiti-Manawatu long-term SSE using daily displacement data(2019-2023)from 53 GPS stations.The network inversion filter(NIF)method is applied to extract slow slip signals,revealing spatial migration with alternating slip between Kapiti and Manawatu,characterized by distinct phases of acceleration and deceleration.Manawatu exhibits higher slip rates,exceeding 4 cm/month,with greater cumulative slip and surface displacement than Kapiti.A moderate temporal correlation(coefficient 0.59)between seismic activity in the region and slip acceleration in Manawatu suggests that seismic events may contribute to the slip,while no significant correlation is observed in Kapiti.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42372170,42472055,42272177,and 42077410the Safety Discipline“double first-class”to found Project of China under contract No.AQ20240305.
文摘The Zhujiang River Mouth Basin,a primary depocenter for terrigenous sediments in the western Pacific,presents a semienclosed tectonic setting with limited exchange with the open ocean.This unique feature enables systematic linkages among sedimentary processes,climate change,regional sea-level fluctuations,and tectonic events.To explore these linkages,this study focuses on Well PY35 in the Baiyun Sag of the Zhujiang River Mouth Basin.By integrating microfossil analysis with Milankovitch cycle analysis of well log data,an astronomical time scale(ATS)(17.54-7.80 Ma)and a high-resolution stratigraphic framework were established,allowing for the calculation of sedimentation rates across different hierarchical sequences and time intervals.The results indicate that between 17.54 Ma and 7.80 Ma,the sedimentation rate initially increased and then decreased,ranging from 6.1 cm/ka to 45.7 cm/ka,with an average rate of 22.2 cm/ka.During the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum(MMCO),sedimentation rates were moderate and exhibited an increasing trend,largely driven by increased sediment input due to enhanced weathering from rising temperatures and by expanded accommodation space resulting from tectonic subsidence.Meanwhile,the Middle Miocene Climate Transition(MMCT)was marked by a notable rise in sedimentation rates,consistent with a major sea-level fall due to global cooling,which promoted the direct seaward progradation of marginal sediments.The Late Middle Miocene to Late Miocene had the lowest sedimentation rates,which can be attributed to reduced weathering under cold and arid conditions,along with a sea-level rise induced by regional tectonics.The short-term increase in the sedimentation rate observed at 10.4 Ma may have been driven by sea-level fluctuations.This study provides both theoretical and empirical support for understanding the influence of abrupt climate changes on sedimentary processes.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,No.2024JC-YBQN-0828 and No.2024JC-YBMS-765Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,No.XJTU1AF-CRF-2022-036National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices,No.NMED2023AGP-013.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness.However,the current DR biomarkers are insufficient for accurately predicting its onset.AIM To identify a novel marker for predicting the risk of developing DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 6993 hospitalized T2DM patients between 2013 and 2020.Patients were divided into two groups:The DR group and the non-DR group.Data were analyzed using univariate,correlation,multivariate,subgroup,and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.RESULTS Total bilirubin,indirect bilirubin(IBIL),and direct bilirubin were negatively correlated with the risk of developing DR(P<0.001).Moreover,these three factors were all positively correlated with clinical indicators related to DR,including the estimated glomerular filtration rate,the albumin/creatinine ratio,and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 level(P<0.001).After adjusting for multiple variables,greater IBIL levels remained independently associated with a lower risk of developing DR(odds ratio=0.500;95%confidence interval:0.363-0.686;P<0.001).The optimal IBIL cutoff point for predicting the risk of DR in male patients with elevated diastolic blood pressure was 0.655μmol/dL(area under the curve=0.662).CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IBIL could be a valuable biomarker for predicting DR risk,offering a noninvasive,cost-effective,and readily available clinical tool for the early identification of high-risk patients.Future multicenter and longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings and further explore the biological mechanisms underlying the protective role of IBIL in DR.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Plan(Social Development)Project,No.BE2021611。
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major cause of cancer-related mortality,with limited therapeutic options for advanced stages.Simvastatin,primarily used to lower cholesterol,has shown potential as an anticancer agent.It may exert its effects by inhibiting SERPINE1,a protein implicated in CRC progression,and activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G(cGMP/PKG)signaling pathway.Given these findings,this study hypothesizes that simvastatin inhibits CRC cell proliferation and migration by downregulating SERPINE1 and activating the cGMP/PKG pathway,offering a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC management.AIM To study the effects of simvastatin on the function of colon cancer cells and to uncover the underlying mechanisms.METHODS NCM460,HCT-116,and SW620 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments with simvastatin at doses of 20μM,40μM,and 80μM.The Stitch database was used to analyze the target genes of simvastatin,whereas STRING was used to investigate SERPINE1 and its related pathways.HCT-116 and SW620 cells were transfected with single-cell RNA sequencing reveals SERPINE1 with or without Rp-8-Br-cGMP(a PKG inhibitor).Cell toxicity,proliferation,and migration were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8,colony formation,and Transwell assays,respectively.Apoptosis was analyzed via flow cytometry,and levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),and ferrous ion(Fe^(2+))were detected using commercial kits.Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze gene expression.RESULTS Simvastatin dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCT-116 and SW620 cells while promoting apoptosis.It downregulated Ki-67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,MMP2,and MMP9,and upregulated Bax,particularly at higher doses.Simvastatin increased the ROS,MDA,and Fe^(2+)levels while decreasing the GSH levels.It downregulated SLC7A11 and ferroportin and upregulated TRF1.SERPINE1 was identified as a core target,with related genes enriched in the cGMP/PKG pathway.SERPINE1 knockdown increased GUCY1B1 and PRKG1 levels,decreased cell viability,and altered oxidative stress markers,with the effects being reversed by Rp-8-Br-cGMP.CONCLUSION Simvastatin effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells and promoted apoptosis through the modulation of key targets,such as SERPINE1 and the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62031022)the Sha nxi Provincial Basic Research Project(Nos.202103021221006 and 20210302123040)+2 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2021L044)the Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(No.202302130501006)the Shanxi‒Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(No.2022SX-TD026).
文摘Although sonodynamic therapy(SDT)is a promising cancer treatment that induces DNA and macromolecular damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),its therapeutic efficacy is limited by local hypoxia and ROS defense mechanisms in tumors.This study propose d a novel tumor treatment approach,focusing on ROS-mediated therapy by targ eting the nucleus and depleting glutathione(GSH)levels,which was achieved through a nanoplatform(Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX)with integrated functions including GSH detection and depletion,pH-responsive drug release,and nuclear targeting.The Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX nanoplatform effectively differentiated normal and cancer cells and also exhibited excellent biocompatibility.Depletion of GSH levels and increased ROS sensitivity of cells significantly improved the effectiveness of SDT,as demonstrated in vitro using Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX,which also exhibited significant cellular uptake.Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX exerted potent antitumor effects in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional tum or microenvironment models(3 DM-7721).Moreover,in 3 DM-7721 models,hepatoma cells(SMMC-7721)demonstrated significant inhibition of motility,invasion,and colony formation after exposure to Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX.Furthermore,intravenous administration of the Pt^(2+)-CDs@PpIX nanoplatform enabled precise and rapid tumor-targeting,followed by ultrasound-triggered therapy,without adverse effects in nude mice.Hence,this nanoplatform provides a promising strategy for designing cancer therapies and delivering nuclear-targeted drugs.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32121003,32325038)Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan(2021YFYZ0016)Open Project Program(SKL-ZD202207)of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low temperatures.However,few genes for cold tolerance have been identified.In this study,we identified OsALA4(Aminophospholipid ATPase 4),encoding a plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPase,from a chromosomal segment substitution line(CSSL-K2832-2)harboring cold-tolerance QTL qLTS5(Low Temperature Sensitive 5).Genetic and subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsALA4 regulates cold tolerance by maintaining plasma membrane fluidity and cellular homeostasis.Physiological assessments showed that OsALA4 reduces malondialdehyde(MDA),electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and cell death under cold stress.Promoter activity assays indicated that stronger OsALA4 expression in Nipponbare(OsALA4Nip)correlated with enhanced cold tolerance.Further experiments demonstrated that SNP sites within the promoter regions(-1500 bp to-700 bp)of OsALA4Nipand OsALA49311influenced their activity.This study highlights Os ALA4 as a valuable genetic target for breeding cold tolerant rice.
