Alien plant invasion success can be inhibited by two key biotic factors:native herbivores and plant diversity.However,few studies have experimentally tested whether these factors interact to synergistically resist inv...Alien plant invasion success can be inhibited by two key biotic factors:native herbivores and plant diversity.However,few studies have experimentally tested whether these factors interact to synergistically resist invasion success,especially factoring in changing global environments(e.g.nutrient enrichment).Here we tested how the synergy between native herbivores and plant diversity affects alien plant invasion success in various nutrient conditions.For this purpose,we exposed alien plant species in potmesocosms to different levels of native plant diversity(4 vs.8 species),native generalist herbivores,and high and low soil nutrient levels.We found that generalist herbivores preferred alien plants to native plants,inhibiting invasion success in a native community.This inhibition was amplified by highly diverse native communities.Further,the amplified effect between herbivory and native plant diversity was independent of nutrient conditions.Our results suggest that a higher diversity of native communities can strengthen the resistance of native generalist herbivores to alien plant invasions by enhancing herbivory tolerance.The synergistic effect remains in force in nutrient-enriched habitats that are always invaded by alien plant species.Our results shed light on the effective control of plant invasions using multi-trophic means,even in the face of future global changes.展开更多
This article analyses key technology used by network layer based on ZigBee technology. Then a reconfigure network as well as its strategy of forming network and distributing node is given. The simulation proved that t...This article analyses key technology used by network layer based on ZigBee technology. Then a reconfigure network as well as its strategy of forming network and distributing node is given. The simulation proved that the stability of reconfigure network and the ability of transmitting pass through obstacle are better than tradi-tional network;it has an active significance for shorter delay because of the flexible of the improved forming network strategy.展开更多
As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-dr...As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-driven autonomous organizations.The distributed consensus algorithm is the core component that directly dictates the performance and properties of blockchain networks.However,the inherent characteristics of the shared wireless medium,such as fading,interference,and openness,pose significant challenges to achieving consensus within these networks,especially in the presence of malicious jamming attacks.To cope with the severe consensus problem,in this paper,we present a distributed jamming-resilient consensus algorithm for blockchain networks in wireless environments,where the adversary can jam the communication channel by injecting jamming signals.Based on a non-binary slight jamming model,we propose a distributed four-stage algorithm to achieve consensus in the wireless blockchain network,including leader election,leader broadcast,leader aggregation,and leader announcement stages.With high probability,we prove that our jamming-resilient algorithm can ensure the validity,agreement,termination,and total order properties of consensus with the time complexity of O(n).Both theoretical analyses and empirical simulations are conducted to verify the consistency and efficiency of our algorithm.展开更多
Recent studies have shown that age-related aging evolution is accompanied by imbalances in intestinal homeostasis.Marine red yeast(MRY)is a functional probiotic that has been shown to have antioxidant,immune and other...Recent studies have shown that age-related aging evolution is accompanied by imbalances in intestinal homeostasis.Marine red yeast(MRY)is a functional probiotic that has been shown to have antioxidant,immune and other properties.Therefore,we chose 900 healthy Hy-Line Brown hens at 433 d old as the research subjects and evaluated the correlation between intestinal health,laying performance,and egg quality in aged hens through the supplementation of MRY.These laying hens were assigned into 5 groups and received diet supplementation with 0%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,and 2%MRY for 12 weeks.The results showed that MRY supplementation increased egg production rate,average egg weight,and egg quality,and decreased feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake(P<0.05).The MRY supplement improved antioxidant indicators such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),stimulated villus height,and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio(V/C ratio)in the intestine(P<0.05).It also regulated the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors(transforming growth factor-β[TGF-β],interleukin[IL]-1β,IL-8,tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α])while increasing serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,MRY supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins(occludin and zonula occludens-1[ZO-1]),anti-apoptotic gene(Bcl-2),and autophagy-related proteins(beclin-1 and light chain 3I[LC3I])in the intestine(P<0.05).The MRY supplement also led to an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum,and the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes,and genera Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group.The LEfSe analysis revealed an enrichment of Sutterella and Akkermansia muciniphila.In conclusion,the results of this experiment indicated that the additional supplementation of MRY can improve the production performance of laying hens and may contribute to the restoration and balance of intestinal homeostasis,which supports the application potential of MRY as a green and efficient feed additive for improving the laying performance in chickens.展开更多
基金supported by Postdoctoral Funding from Jilin Province to Liping Shan(2020000147).
文摘Alien plant invasion success can be inhibited by two key biotic factors:native herbivores and plant diversity.However,few studies have experimentally tested whether these factors interact to synergistically resist invasion success,especially factoring in changing global environments(e.g.nutrient enrichment).Here we tested how the synergy between native herbivores and plant diversity affects alien plant invasion success in various nutrient conditions.For this purpose,we exposed alien plant species in potmesocosms to different levels of native plant diversity(4 vs.8 species),native generalist herbivores,and high and low soil nutrient levels.We found that generalist herbivores preferred alien plants to native plants,inhibiting invasion success in a native community.This inhibition was amplified by highly diverse native communities.Further,the amplified effect between herbivory and native plant diversity was independent of nutrient conditions.Our results suggest that a higher diversity of native communities can strengthen the resistance of native generalist herbivores to alien plant invasions by enhancing herbivory tolerance.The synergistic effect remains in force in nutrient-enriched habitats that are always invaded by alien plant species.Our results shed light on the effective control of plant invasions using multi-trophic means,even in the face of future global changes.
文摘This article analyses key technology used by network layer based on ZigBee technology. Then a reconfigure network as well as its strategy of forming network and distributing node is given. The simulation proved that the stability of reconfigure network and the ability of transmitting pass through obstacle are better than tradi-tional network;it has an active significance for shorter delay because of the flexible of the improved forming network strategy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62102232 and 62122042)Shandong Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Nos.2023HWYQ-007 and 2023HWYQ-008)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2022CXGC020107).
文摘As the device complexity keeps increasing,the blockchain networks have been celebrated as the cornerstone of numerous prominent platforms owing to their ability to provide distributed and immutable ledgers and data-driven autonomous organizations.The distributed consensus algorithm is the core component that directly dictates the performance and properties of blockchain networks.However,the inherent characteristics of the shared wireless medium,such as fading,interference,and openness,pose significant challenges to achieving consensus within these networks,especially in the presence of malicious jamming attacks.To cope with the severe consensus problem,in this paper,we present a distributed jamming-resilient consensus algorithm for blockchain networks in wireless environments,where the adversary can jam the communication channel by injecting jamming signals.Based on a non-binary slight jamming model,we propose a distributed four-stage algorithm to achieve consensus in the wireless blockchain network,including leader election,leader broadcast,leader aggregation,and leader announcement stages.With high probability,we prove that our jamming-resilient algorithm can ensure the validity,agreement,termination,and total order properties of consensus with the time complexity of O(n).Both theoretical analyses and empirical simulations are conducted to verify the consistency and efficiency of our algorithm.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370402,31570229,31870411)to Z.-G.Z.and(32201316)to M.H.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research and Develo pment Program Joint Fund of Henan Province (232103810013)Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Henan Province (221100110200)the China Agniculture Research Systems of Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (CARS-40).
文摘Recent studies have shown that age-related aging evolution is accompanied by imbalances in intestinal homeostasis.Marine red yeast(MRY)is a functional probiotic that has been shown to have antioxidant,immune and other properties.Therefore,we chose 900 healthy Hy-Line Brown hens at 433 d old as the research subjects and evaluated the correlation between intestinal health,laying performance,and egg quality in aged hens through the supplementation of MRY.These laying hens were assigned into 5 groups and received diet supplementation with 0%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,and 2%MRY for 12 weeks.The results showed that MRY supplementation increased egg production rate,average egg weight,and egg quality,and decreased feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake(P<0.05).The MRY supplement improved antioxidant indicators such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),stimulated villus height,and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio(V/C ratio)in the intestine(P<0.05).It also regulated the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors(transforming growth factor-β[TGF-β],interleukin[IL]-1β,IL-8,tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α])while increasing serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,MRY supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins(occludin and zonula occludens-1[ZO-1]),anti-apoptotic gene(Bcl-2),and autophagy-related proteins(beclin-1 and light chain 3I[LC3I])in the intestine(P<0.05).The MRY supplement also led to an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum,and the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes,and genera Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group.The LEfSe analysis revealed an enrichment of Sutterella and Akkermansia muciniphila.In conclusion,the results of this experiment indicated that the additional supplementation of MRY can improve the production performance of laying hens and may contribute to the restoration and balance of intestinal homeostasis,which supports the application potential of MRY as a green and efficient feed additive for improving the laying performance in chickens.
