Ethanol synthesis via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation has garnered increasing attention in the fields of syngas utilization.Althoughε-Fe_(2)C has been identified as a promising active species for DMO hydrogenation to ...Ethanol synthesis via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation has garnered increasing attention in the fields of syngas utilization.Althoughε-Fe_(2)C has been identified as a promising active species for DMO hydrogenation to ethanol,its formation is kinetically challenging during carbonization.In this work,a Fe_(4)N phase was first synthesized by pretreating a 30Fe/SiO_(2)catalyst in an ammonia environment,followed by carbonization in a methanol-H_(2) flow to obtain ε-Fe_(2)C as the active phase.Fe_(4)N,rather than Fe-O-Si,facilitates the transformation into iron carbide during the carbonization process.The transformation pathway of iron nitride(Fe_(x)N)is mediated by intermediate iron carbonyl species(Fe-CO),ultimately leading to the formation of iron carbide as the active phase.The resulting catalyst exhibited 40 times higher catalytic activity than the untreated catalyst in DMO hydrogenation.Combined structure properties and DFT calculation revealed that the lower energy barrier ofε-Fe_(2)C for ester hydrogenation underpins/strengthens its superior performance,while the STY of ε-Fe_(2)C is 2.8 times that ofε'-Fe_(2.2)C and 58 times that ofχ-Fe_(5)C_(2).This study provides a novel strategy for designing highly efficient iron carbide catalysts for the esters hydrogenation system.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)represents an advanced technology for converting CO_(2)into highly valuable chemicals.Although significant progress has been achieved in producing multi-carbon chemic...Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)represents an advanced technology for converting CO_(2)into highly valuable chemicals.Although significant progress has been achieved in producing multi-carbon chemicals such as ethylene(C2H4),addressing(bi)carbonate salt formation and precipitation in alkaline electrolytes remains a critical challenge for achieving longterm stability during industrialization.We developed a Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)/Mg^(2+)/C pre-catalyst,which transforms into a catalytically active Cu0/Cu^(2+)/Mg^(2+)composite by electroreduction.Crucially,the application of different ionomers(specifically Sustainion XA-9)on this composite catalyst effectively alleviates salt precipitation issues,thereby enabling high-selectivity,durable CO_(2)-to-C^(2+)conversion.In a membrane electrode assembly,the maximum Faradaic efficiency for C^(2+)products reaches 80%,with stable operation at 200 mA cm^(−2)for 50 h.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that only top-type*CO intermediate exists on the Cu0/Cu^(2+)/Nafion cathode,whereas both bridge-type and top-type of*CO sites coexist on the Cu^(0)/Cu^(2+)/Mg^(2+)/Sustainion XA-9 cathode.This dual adsorption configuration facilitates the C─C coupling kinetics on the catalyst,inducing a favorable microenvironment for selective C^(2+)formation.Therefore,strategic optimization of catalyst architectures and ionomer engineering enables CO_(2)RR with improved efficiency and durability,advancing green chemistry and carbon-neutral technologies.展开更多
Topological insulators represent a new phase of matter,characterized by conductive surfaces,while their bulk remains insulating.When the dimension of the system exceeds that of the topological state by at least two,th...Topological insulators represent a new phase of matter,characterized by conductive surfaces,while their bulk remains insulating.When the dimension of the system exceeds that of the topological state by at least two,the insulators are classified as higher-order topological insulators(HOTI).The appearance of higher-order topological states,such as corner states,can be explained by the filling anomaly,which leads to the fractional spectral charges in the unit cell.Previously reported fractional charges have been quite limited in number and size.In this work,based on the two-dimensional(2D)Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model lattice,we demonstrated a new class of HOTIs with adjustable fractional charges that can take any value ranging from 0 to 1,achieved by utilizing the Lorentz transformation.Furthermore,this transformation generates novel bound-state-in-continuum-like corner states,even when the lattice is in a topological trivial phase,offering a new approach to light beam localization.This work paves the way for fabricating HOTIs with diverse corner states that offer promising applicative potential.展开更多
Introduction:Acral melanoma(AM)is the predominant subtype of cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations,characterized by more aggressive clinical features and limited neoadjuvant therapy response.Centrosomal protein 55 k...Introduction:Acral melanoma(AM)is the predominant subtype of cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations,characterized by more aggressive clinical features and limited neoadjuvant therapy response.Centrosomal protein 55 kDa(CEP55)has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies,but its role in AM remains undefined.Methods:CEP55 expression in melanoma tissues and cell lines was analyzed by RT-qPCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Databases(GEPIA,Sangerbox,Kaplan-Meier plotter,and TIMER)were used to analyze the expression of CEP55 and its correlation with clinical data of melanoma patients.Functional assays were conducted in vitro and in vivo.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and rescue experiments were used to explore underlying mechanisms.Tissue microarrays were used to verify the relationship between CEP55 and immune checkpoints.Results:CEP55 overexpression is associated with Breslow thickness and TNM stage in melanoma tissues and cell lines.CEP55 knockdown inhibited melanoma cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.And CEP55 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling,leading to BRAF inhibitor resistance.Besides,CEP55 overexpression was associated with more favorable responses to immunotherapy in melanoma patients.Conclusions:CEP55 plays a critical role in AM progression and immunotherapy.Targeting CEP55 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AM.展开更多
Trauma kills more than four million people worldwide each year,with chest trauma accounting for 25%of these deaths.Rib fractures are the main manifestation of chest trauma.Biodegradable Zn alloys offer a new option to...Trauma kills more than four million people worldwide each year,with chest trauma accounting for 25%of these deaths.Rib fractures are the main manifestation of chest trauma.Biodegradable Zn alloys offer a new option to overcome clinical problems caused by permanent rib fracture internal fixation mate-rials,e.g.,long-term stress masking and secondary surgery.In this study,the fabrication procedure of biodegradable Zn-0.5Li alloy rib plates is successfully developed,which consists of casting,hot-warm rolling,cutting,and pressing sequentially.Biomechanical three-point bending performance of the Zn al-loy rib plates is comparable to that of commercial pure Ti rib plates,much higher than that of pure Zn rib plates.In addition,the Zn alloy exhibits the best antibacterial ability against E.coli and S.aureus among the three materials.Although the Zn alloy exhibits a weaker MC3T3 cytocompatibility than pure Ti,it is better than pure Zn.This study provides a foundation for the future development of various biodegrad-able Zn alloy rib plates.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web o...Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through September 30,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that examined the effect of all forms of PA interrupting PS on postprandial glycemia and/or insulin responses among adults without chronic diseases were included in this study.The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool.A network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)with random effects.Results:Thirty crossover RCTs were included in our review.These RCTs included 9 types of interventions that interrupted PS.When compared to PS by itself,light-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(LPA-INT)PS and moderate-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(MPA-INT)PS significantly lowered postprandial glycemia(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.21;SMD=-0.69,95%CI:-1.00 to-0.37,respectively)and significantly reduced postprandial insulin response(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.26;SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-0.77 to-0.17,respectively).Results of the clustered ranking plot indicated that MPA-INT was the most effective intervention in lowering postprandial glycemia and insulin responses.Conclusion:Replacing PS with MPA-INT or LPA-INT has a positive effect in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulin responses,with MPA-INT being the optimal intervention strategy.展开更多
Although a few high-strength biodegradable Zn alloys with yield strengths(YSs)over 300 MPa in rolled state have been developed,their elongations(ELs)are generally less than 30%.This study developed rolled Zn-2Cu-x Li(...Although a few high-strength biodegradable Zn alloys with yield strengths(YSs)over 300 MPa in rolled state have been developed,their elongations(ELs)are generally less than 30%.This study developed rolled Zn-2Cu-x Li(x=0.2 wt.%,0.5 wt.%,0.8 wt.%)alloys with YSs of 316-335 MPa and ELs of 44%-61%.Three-dimensional atom probe(3DAP)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS)were employed to characterize Li distribution.Three kinds of Zn-Cu-Li ternary phases are identified,which are blockyε′-(Cu_(0.5),Li_(0.5))Zn 4,blockyβ′-(Li_(0.9),Cu_(0.1))Zn 4,and small roundγparticles with high Li content in the annealed state.Other identified phases are Zn,β-LiZn 4,andε-CuZn 4 phases.With the increase of Li content in the alloys,ε′phase with 6.50 at.%Cu transforms intoβ′phase with 2.12 at.%Cu,i.e.,the average level in the alloys.Withinε′phase,there exist nano-scale Li clusters andεphase,resulting inε′/εstructure.Dense Zn laths precipitate fromβ′phase,resulting inβ′/Zn lamellar structure.The lamel-lar structure is the matrix of Zn-2Cu-0.8Li and leads to near-isotropic plasticity.Electrochemistry tests show that degradation rates fall in the range of 153-196μm/year,which decrease with Li content.All the alloys exert positive effects on the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells with 10%extract.This research reveals how microstructure evolves in Zn-2Cu-x Li alloys,which lays the foundation for their future applications.展开更多
The development of automation,the Internet of Things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),big data,and other digi-tal technologies has made it imperative for pharmaceutical companies to undergo digital transformation to i...The development of automation,the Internet of Things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),big data,and other digi-tal technologies has made it imperative for pharmaceutical companies to undergo digital transformation to improve their research and development capabilities,increase the quality of their products,lower operating costs,and gain a competitive edge.One of the most crucial steps in the life-cycle riskman-agement chain for drugs is digital quality assurance(DQA).Based on a literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert consensus,a panel of experts was convened in Shanghai to generate a set of conceptual,pharmaceutical manufacturing-specific DQA specifications.The goal of the consensus is to advance common practices that use digital tools to quickly collect,record,evaluate,and review particular forms of data to enhance the automation of quality assurance and make drug quality activities more efficient.展开更多
The research of human facial age estimation(AE)has attracted increasing attention for its wide applications.Up to date,a number of models have been constructed or employed to perform AE.Although the goal of AE can be ...The research of human facial age estimation(AE)has attracted increasing attention for its wide applications.Up to date,a number of models have been constructed or employed to perform AE.Although the goal of AE can be achieved by either classification or regression,the latter based methods generally yield more promising results because the continuity and gradualness of human aging can naturally be preserved in age regression.However,the neighbor-similarity and ordinality of age labels are not taken into account yet.To overcome this issue,the cumulative attribute(CA)coding was introduced.Although such age label relationships can be parameterized via CA coding,the potential relationships behind age features are not incorporated to estimate age.To this end,in this paper we propose to perform AE by encoding the potential age feature relationships with CA coding via an implicit modeling strategy.Besides that,we further extend our model to gender-aware AE by taking into account gender variance in aging process.Finally,we experimentally validate the superiority of the proposed methodology.展开更多
Background:Dietary fiber(DF)is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects,but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the e...Background:Dietary fiber(DF)is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects,but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DF intake level on oocyte maturation and uterine development,to determine the optimal DF intake for gilts,and gain microbial and metabolomic insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.Methods:Seventy-six Landrace×Yorkshire(LY)crossbred replacement gilts of similar age(92.6±0.6 d;mean±standard deviation[SD])and body weight(BW,33.8±3.9 kg;mean±SD)were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups(n=19);a basal diet without extra DF intake(DF 1.0),and 3 dietary groups ingesting an extra50%(DF 1.5),75%(DF 1.75),and 100%(DF 2.0)dietary fiber mixture consisting of inulin and cellulose(1:4).Oocyte maturation and uterine development were assessed on 19 d of the 2nd oestrous cycle.Microbial diversity of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing(16S r RNA)and blood samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics.Results:The rates of oocytes showing first polar bodies after in vitro maturation for 44 h and uterine development increased linearly with increasing DF intake;DF 1.75 gilts had a 19.8%faster oocyte maturation rate and a 48.9 cm longer uterus than DF 1.0 gilts(P<0.05).Among the top 10 microbiota components at the phylum level,8increased linearly with increasing DF level,and the relative abundance of 30 of 53 microbiota components at the genus level(>0.1%)increased linearly or quadratically with increasing DF intake.Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed significant changes in serum metabolites that were closely associated with microbiota,including serotonin,a gut-derived signal that stimulates oocyte maturation.Conclusions:The findings provide evidence of the benefits of increased DF intake by supplementing inulin and cellulose on oocyte maturation and uterine development in gilts,and new microbial and metabolomic insight into the mechanisms mediating the effects of DF on reproductive performance of replacement gilts.展开更多
Reducing the secondary electron yield(SEY)of Ag-plated aluminum alloy is important for high-power microwave components.In this work,Cu doped carbon films are prepared and the secondary electron emission characteristic...Reducing the secondary electron yield(SEY)of Ag-plated aluminum alloy is important for high-power microwave components.In this work,Cu doped carbon films are prepared and the secondary electron emission characteristics are studied systematically.The secondary electron coefficientδ_(max) of carbon films increases with the Cu contents increasing at first,and then decreases to 1.53 at a high doping ratio of 0.645.From the viewpoint of surface structure,the higher the content of Cu is,the rougher the surface is,since more cluster particles appear on the surface due to the small solid solubility of Cu in the amorphous carbon network.However,from viewpoint of the electronic structure,the reduction of the sp2 hybrid bonds will increase the SEY effect as the content of Cu increases,due to the decreasing probability of collision with free electrons.Thus,the two mechanisms would compete and coexist to affect the SEY characteristics in Cu doped carbon films.展开更多
Melatonin is a conserved pleiotropic molecule in animals and plants.Melatonin is involved in many development processes and stress responses;thus,exploring its function in plants,particularly in horticultural plants,h...Melatonin is a conserved pleiotropic molecule in animals and plants.Melatonin is involved in many development processes and stress responses;thus,exploring its function in plants,particularly in horticultural plants,has become a rapidly developing field.Many studies have revealed that phytomelatonin acts as a plant biostimulant and increase its tolerance to various abiotic stressors,including extreme temperature,drought,osmotic disturbance,heavy metals,and ultraviolet(UV).Melatonin appears to have roles in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and other free radicals,affecting the primary and secondary metabolism of plants,regulating the transcripts of stress-related enzymes and transcription factors,and crosstalk with other hormones under different environmental conditions.This pleiotropy makes phytomelatonin an attractive regulator to improve resistance to abiotic stress in plants.The recent discovery of the potential phytomelatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1 and the proposition of putative models related to the phytomelatonin signaling pathways makes phytomelatonin a new plant hormone.Based on relevant studies from our laboratory,this review summarizes the phytomelatonin biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in plants and the latest research progress on phytomelatonin in abiotic stress of horticultural plants.This study will provide a reference for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of phytomelatonin affecting the resistance to abiotic stress in plants.展开更多
We report on a novel and convenient method of measuring secondary electron spectra for insulators in a secondary electron yield measurement system with a planar grid analyzer configuration and a metal mesh probe. In t...We report on a novel and convenient method of measuring secondary electron spectra for insulators in a secondary electron yield measurement system with a planar grid analyzer configuration and a metal mesh probe. In this measurement, the planar grid is negatively biased to force some emitted secondary electrons to return to the sample surface and to neutralize charges accumulated on the sample during the previous beam irradiation. The surface potential of the sample is then measured by use of a metal mesh probe. The grid bias for neutralization corresponding to the zero surface potential is determined based on the linear relationship between the surface potential and the grid bias. Once the surface potential equals zero, the secondary electron spectra of polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA） are studied experimentally by measuring the -curve and then fitting it to Everhart＇s formula. The measurement results show that the peak energy and the full width at half maximum of the spectra are 4.26 eV and 14.06 eV, respectively.展开更多
Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban tran...Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban transportation carbon emission reduction.Since the whole life cycle of urban rail transit carbon emission measurement involves a wide range of aspects,a systematic framework model is required for analysis.This research reviews the existing studies on carbon emission of urban rail transit.First,the characteristics of urban rail transit carbon emission were determined and the complexity of carbon emission measurement was analyzed.Then,the urban rail transit carbon emission measurement models were compared and analyzed in terms of the selection of research boundaries,the types of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions calculation,and the accuracy of the measurement.Following that,an intelligent station was introduced to analyze the practical application of digital collaboration technology and energy-saving and carbon-reducing system platforms for rail transit.Finally,the urgent problems and future research directions at this stage were discussed.This research presents the necessity of establishing a dynamic carbon emission factor library and the important development trend of system integration of carbon emission measurement and digital system technology.展开更多
1.Introduction Carbon materials have been widely investigated as the anode materials for Na+storage due to their moderate capacity,good stability,and low cost.The Na+storage mechanisms of carbon are generally classifi...1.Introduction Carbon materials have been widely investigated as the anode materials for Na+storage due to their moderate capacity,good stability,and low cost.The Na+storage mechanisms of carbon are generally classified into diffusion-controlled interlayer insertion/desertion and capacitive-controlled surface adsorption/desorption[1].展开更多
With the features of convenience and eco-friendly, the low-temperature solid-state reaction synthesis was successfully developed as a new approach to prepare quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals. One major achievement is th...With the features of convenience and eco-friendly, the low-temperature solid-state reaction synthesis was successfully developed as a new approach to prepare quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals. One major achievement is that the size and shape of ZnS nanocrystals can be tuned by adjusting the surfactant and its feed. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of quasispherical and one-dimensional quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals all showed a blue-shift from the bulk counterpart, indicating large quantum confinement effects of ZnS nanocrystals. These ZnS nanocrystals all showed well-defined excitonic emission features. Contrastive studies on photoluminescence performances indicated that the bandedge emission experienced only the size-dependent quantum confinement effect, while the trap-state emission experienced the size- and shape-dependences. So we can design a purposeful synthesis route to ZnS nanocrystals with target luminescence emission performances.展开更多
Efficient recovery of dispersed uranium is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy.Designing an adsorbent with water transport channel structure is a promising approach for boosting uranium recovery...Efficient recovery of dispersed uranium is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy.Designing an adsorbent with water transport channel structure is a promising approach for boosting uranium recovery performance,while balancing the demands of high stability and high adsorption capacity using currently available structural design methods is challenging.Herein,a novel structurally stable huge block sponge with super-sized water transport channels(SWTC-PAO sponge)is fabricated to recover dispersed uranium.In natural seawater,SWTC-PAO sponge realizes a high uranium extraction capacity of 9.1 mg g−1 with a rapid extraction rate.Moreover,the SWTC-PAO sponge can efficiently remove 99.59%of uranium within 24 h from uranium-containing wastewater.The concentrations of metal ions in the treated wastewater are lower than the drinking water standard set by the WHO.The broad application potential in natural seawater and wastewater makes the SWTC-PAO sponge a highly promising adsorbent for recovering dispersed uranium resources and for treating environmental uranium pollution.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21878227,22278309)。
文摘Ethanol synthesis via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation has garnered increasing attention in the fields of syngas utilization.Althoughε-Fe_(2)C has been identified as a promising active species for DMO hydrogenation to ethanol,its formation is kinetically challenging during carbonization.In this work,a Fe_(4)N phase was first synthesized by pretreating a 30Fe/SiO_(2)catalyst in an ammonia environment,followed by carbonization in a methanol-H_(2) flow to obtain ε-Fe_(2)C as the active phase.Fe_(4)N,rather than Fe-O-Si,facilitates the transformation into iron carbide during the carbonization process.The transformation pathway of iron nitride(Fe_(x)N)is mediated by intermediate iron carbonyl species(Fe-CO),ultimately leading to the formation of iron carbide as the active phase.The resulting catalyst exhibited 40 times higher catalytic activity than the untreated catalyst in DMO hydrogenation.Combined structure properties and DFT calculation revealed that the lower energy barrier ofε-Fe_(2)C for ester hydrogenation underpins/strengthens its superior performance,while the STY of ε-Fe_(2)C is 2.8 times that ofε'-Fe_(2.2)C and 58 times that ofχ-Fe_(5)C_(2).This study provides a novel strategy for designing highly efficient iron carbide catalysts for the esters hydrogenation system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22303087)the Joint Fund of the Technical R&D Program of Henan Province(No.232301420049)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.212300410281).
文摘Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)represents an advanced technology for converting CO_(2)into highly valuable chemicals.Although significant progress has been achieved in producing multi-carbon chemicals such as ethylene(C2H4),addressing(bi)carbonate salt formation and precipitation in alkaline electrolytes remains a critical challenge for achieving longterm stability during industrialization.We developed a Cu_(2)(OH)_(2)CO_(3)/Mg^(2+)/C pre-catalyst,which transforms into a catalytically active Cu0/Cu^(2+)/Mg^(2+)composite by electroreduction.Crucially,the application of different ionomers(specifically Sustainion XA-9)on this composite catalyst effectively alleviates salt precipitation issues,thereby enabling high-selectivity,durable CO_(2)-to-C^(2+)conversion.In a membrane electrode assembly,the maximum Faradaic efficiency for C^(2+)products reaches 80%,with stable operation at 200 mA cm^(−2)for 50 h.In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that only top-type*CO intermediate exists on the Cu0/Cu^(2+)/Nafion cathode,whereas both bridge-type and top-type of*CO sites coexist on the Cu^(0)/Cu^(2+)/Mg^(2+)/Sustainion XA-9 cathode.This dual adsorption configuration facilitates the C─C coupling kinetics on the catalyst,inducing a favorable microenvironment for selective C^(2+)formation.Therefore,strategic optimization of catalyst architectures and ionomer engineering enables CO_(2)RR with improved efficiency and durability,advancing green chemistry and carbon-neutral technologies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024JC-JCQN-06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12474337,12304370)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xzy012024135).
文摘Topological insulators represent a new phase of matter,characterized by conductive surfaces,while their bulk remains insulating.When the dimension of the system exceeds that of the topological state by at least two,the insulators are classified as higher-order topological insulators(HOTI).The appearance of higher-order topological states,such as corner states,can be explained by the filling anomaly,which leads to the fractional spectral charges in the unit cell.Previously reported fractional charges have been quite limited in number and size.In this work,based on the two-dimensional(2D)Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model lattice,we demonstrated a new class of HOTIs with adjustable fractional charges that can take any value ranging from 0 to 1,achieved by utilizing the Lorentz transformation.Furthermore,this transformation generates novel bound-state-in-continuum-like corner states,even when the lattice is in a topological trivial phase,offering a new approach to light beam localization.This work paves the way for fabricating HOTIs with diverse corner states that offer promising applicative potential.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2024-I2M-C&T-B-089)National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2504700,2022YFC2504701,2022YFC2504705)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC81872216).
文摘Introduction:Acral melanoma(AM)is the predominant subtype of cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations,characterized by more aggressive clinical features and limited neoadjuvant therapy response.Centrosomal protein 55 kDa(CEP55)has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies,but its role in AM remains undefined.Methods:CEP55 expression in melanoma tissues and cell lines was analyzed by RT-qPCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Databases(GEPIA,Sangerbox,Kaplan-Meier plotter,and TIMER)were used to analyze the expression of CEP55 and its correlation with clinical data of melanoma patients.Functional assays were conducted in vitro and in vivo.RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and rescue experiments were used to explore underlying mechanisms.Tissue microarrays were used to verify the relationship between CEP55 and immune checkpoints.Results:CEP55 overexpression is associated with Breslow thickness and TNM stage in melanoma tissues and cell lines.CEP55 knockdown inhibited melanoma cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.And CEP55 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling,leading to BRAF inhibitor resistance.Besides,CEP55 overexpression was associated with more favorable responses to immunotherapy in melanoma patients.Conclusions:CEP55 plays a critical role in AM progression and immunotherapy.Targeting CEP55 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AM.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871020,52071028,81700799,and 82070926).
文摘Trauma kills more than four million people worldwide each year,with chest trauma accounting for 25%of these deaths.Rib fractures are the main manifestation of chest trauma.Biodegradable Zn alloys offer a new option to overcome clinical problems caused by permanent rib fracture internal fixation mate-rials,e.g.,long-term stress masking and secondary surgery.In this study,the fabrication procedure of biodegradable Zn-0.5Li alloy rib plates is successfully developed,which consists of casting,hot-warm rolling,cutting,and pressing sequentially.Biomechanical three-point bending performance of the Zn al-loy rib plates is comparable to that of commercial pure Ti rib plates,much higher than that of pure Zn rib plates.In addition,the Zn alloy exhibits the best antibacterial ability against E.coli and S.aureus among the three materials.Although the Zn alloy exhibits a weaker MC3T3 cytocompatibility than pure Ti,it is better than pure Zn.This study provides a foundation for the future development of various biodegrad-able Zn alloy rib plates.
基金supported by grants to MQ from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC2003301 and 2020YFC2007005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81703252)+1 种基金Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology of China(19080503000)HW from the Public Welfare Technology Project of the Zhejiang Science Department(LGF18H170006)
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through September 30,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that examined the effect of all forms of PA interrupting PS on postprandial glycemia and/or insulin responses among adults without chronic diseases were included in this study.The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool.A network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)with random effects.Results:Thirty crossover RCTs were included in our review.These RCTs included 9 types of interventions that interrupted PS.When compared to PS by itself,light-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(LPA-INT)PS and moderate-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(MPA-INT)PS significantly lowered postprandial glycemia(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.21;SMD=-0.69,95%CI:-1.00 to-0.37,respectively)and significantly reduced postprandial insulin response(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.26;SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-0.77 to-0.17,respectively).Results of the clustered ranking plot indicated that MPA-INT was the most effective intervention in lowering postprandial glycemia and insulin responses.Conclusion:Replacing PS with MPA-INT or LPA-INT has a positive effect in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulin responses,with MPA-INT being the optimal intervention strategy.
基金financially supported by Xiongan New Area Science and Technology Innovation Project(2022XACX0600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52231010,52071028).
文摘Although a few high-strength biodegradable Zn alloys with yield strengths(YSs)over 300 MPa in rolled state have been developed,their elongations(ELs)are generally less than 30%.This study developed rolled Zn-2Cu-x Li(x=0.2 wt.%,0.5 wt.%,0.8 wt.%)alloys with YSs of 316-335 MPa and ELs of 44%-61%.Three-dimensional atom probe(3DAP)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS)were employed to characterize Li distribution.Three kinds of Zn-Cu-Li ternary phases are identified,which are blockyε′-(Cu_(0.5),Li_(0.5))Zn 4,blockyβ′-(Li_(0.9),Cu_(0.1))Zn 4,and small roundγparticles with high Li content in the annealed state.Other identified phases are Zn,β-LiZn 4,andε-CuZn 4 phases.With the increase of Li content in the alloys,ε′phase with 6.50 at.%Cu transforms intoβ′phase with 2.12 at.%Cu,i.e.,the average level in the alloys.Withinε′phase,there exist nano-scale Li clusters andεphase,resulting inε′/εstructure.Dense Zn laths precipitate fromβ′phase,resulting inβ′/Zn lamellar structure.The lamel-lar structure is the matrix of Zn-2Cu-0.8Li and leads to near-isotropic plasticity.Electrochemistry tests show that degradation rates fall in the range of 153-196μm/year,which decrease with Li content.All the alloys exert positive effects on the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells with 10%extract.This research reveals how microstructure evolves in Zn-2Cu-x Li alloys,which lays the foundation for their future applications.
文摘The development of automation,the Internet of Things(IoT),artificial intelligence(AI),big data,and other digi-tal technologies has made it imperative for pharmaceutical companies to undergo digital transformation to improve their research and development capabilities,increase the quality of their products,lower operating costs,and gain a competitive edge.One of the most crucial steps in the life-cycle riskman-agement chain for drugs is digital quality assurance(DQA).Based on a literature review,questionnaire survey,and expert consensus,a panel of experts was convened in Shanghai to generate a set of conceptual,pharmaceutical manufacturing-specific DQA specifications.The goal of the consensus is to advance common practices that use digital tools to quickly collect,record,evaluate,and review particular forms of data to enhance the automation of quality assurance and make drug quality activities more efficient.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61702273 and 61472186)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170956)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(17KJB520022)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and the Startup Foundation for Talents of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology.
文摘The research of human facial age estimation(AE)has attracted increasing attention for its wide applications.Up to date,a number of models have been constructed or employed to perform AE.Although the goal of AE can be achieved by either classification or regression,the latter based methods generally yield more promising results because the continuity and gradualness of human aging can naturally be preserved in age regression.However,the neighbor-similarity and ordinality of age labels are not taken into account yet.To overcome this issue,the cumulative attribute(CA)coding was introduced.Although such age label relationships can be parameterized via CA coding,the potential relationships behind age features are not incorporated to estimate age.To this end,in this paper we propose to perform AE by encoding the potential age feature relationships with CA coding via an implicit modeling strategy.Besides that,we further extend our model to gender-aware AE by taking into account gender variance in aging process.Finally,we experimentally validate the superiority of the proposed methodology.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YJ0287)National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaPR China(31772616)。
文摘Background:Dietary fiber(DF)is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects,but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DF intake level on oocyte maturation and uterine development,to determine the optimal DF intake for gilts,and gain microbial and metabolomic insight into the underlying mechanisms involved.Methods:Seventy-six Landrace×Yorkshire(LY)crossbred replacement gilts of similar age(92.6±0.6 d;mean±standard deviation[SD])and body weight(BW,33.8±3.9 kg;mean±SD)were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups(n=19);a basal diet without extra DF intake(DF 1.0),and 3 dietary groups ingesting an extra50%(DF 1.5),75%(DF 1.75),and 100%(DF 2.0)dietary fiber mixture consisting of inulin and cellulose(1:4).Oocyte maturation and uterine development were assessed on 19 d of the 2nd oestrous cycle.Microbial diversity of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing(16S r RNA)and blood samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics.Results:The rates of oocytes showing first polar bodies after in vitro maturation for 44 h and uterine development increased linearly with increasing DF intake;DF 1.75 gilts had a 19.8%faster oocyte maturation rate and a 48.9 cm longer uterus than DF 1.0 gilts(P<0.05).Among the top 10 microbiota components at the phylum level,8increased linearly with increasing DF level,and the relative abundance of 30 of 53 microbiota components at the genus level(>0.1%)increased linearly or quadratically with increasing DF intake.Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed significant changes in serum metabolites that were closely associated with microbiota,including serotonin,a gut-derived signal that stimulates oocyte maturation.Conclusions:The findings provide evidence of the benefits of increased DF intake by supplementing inulin and cellulose on oocyte maturation and uterine development in gilts,and new microbial and metabolomic insight into the mechanisms mediating the effects of DF on reproductive performance of replacement gilts.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory Foundation(Grant Nos.2018SSFNKLSMT04,614241101010117 and 6142411191110)the National 111 Project of China(Grant No.B14040)。
文摘Reducing the secondary electron yield(SEY)of Ag-plated aluminum alloy is important for high-power microwave components.In this work,Cu doped carbon films are prepared and the secondary electron emission characteristics are studied systematically.The secondary electron coefficientδ_(max) of carbon films increases with the Cu contents increasing at first,and then decreases to 1.53 at a high doping ratio of 0.645.From the viewpoint of surface structure,the higher the content of Cu is,the rougher the surface is,since more cluster particles appear on the surface due to the small solid solubility of Cu in the amorphous carbon network.However,from viewpoint of the electronic structure,the reduction of the sp2 hybrid bonds will increase the SEY effect as the content of Cu increases,due to the decreasing probability of collision with free electrons.Thus,the two mechanisms would compete and coexist to affect the SEY characteristics in Cu doped carbon films.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172598,32172599)Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(Grant No.320LH013)+1 种基金the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant No.CEFF-PXM2019-014207-000032)Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium(Grant No.BAIC01-2024).
文摘Melatonin is a conserved pleiotropic molecule in animals and plants.Melatonin is involved in many development processes and stress responses;thus,exploring its function in plants,particularly in horticultural plants,has become a rapidly developing field.Many studies have revealed that phytomelatonin acts as a plant biostimulant and increase its tolerance to various abiotic stressors,including extreme temperature,drought,osmotic disturbance,heavy metals,and ultraviolet(UV).Melatonin appears to have roles in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and other free radicals,affecting the primary and secondary metabolism of plants,regulating the transcripts of stress-related enzymes and transcription factors,and crosstalk with other hormones under different environmental conditions.This pleiotropy makes phytomelatonin an attractive regulator to improve resistance to abiotic stress in plants.The recent discovery of the potential phytomelatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1 and the proposition of putative models related to the phytomelatonin signaling pathways makes phytomelatonin a new plant hormone.Based on relevant studies from our laboratory,this review summarizes the phytomelatonin biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in plants and the latest research progress on phytomelatonin in abiotic stress of horticultural plants.This study will provide a reference for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of phytomelatonin affecting the resistance to abiotic stress in plants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos U1537210 and 11375139the National Key Laboratory of Space Microwave Technology China under Grant No 9140C530101130C53013
文摘We report on a novel and convenient method of measuring secondary electron spectra for insulators in a secondary electron yield measurement system with a planar grid analyzer configuration and a metal mesh probe. In this measurement, the planar grid is negatively biased to force some emitted secondary electrons to return to the sample surface and to neutralize charges accumulated on the sample during the previous beam irradiation. The surface potential of the sample is then measured by use of a metal mesh probe. The grid bias for neutralization corresponding to the zero surface potential is determined based on the linear relationship between the surface potential and the grid bias. Once the surface potential equals zero, the secondary electron spectra of polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA） are studied experimentally by measuring the -curve and then fitting it to Everhart＇s formula. The measurement results show that the peak energy and the full width at half maximum of the spectra are 4.26 eV and 14.06 eV, respectively.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(J210001)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2021210142)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(21JCZXJC00160).
文摘Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban transportation carbon emission reduction.Since the whole life cycle of urban rail transit carbon emission measurement involves a wide range of aspects,a systematic framework model is required for analysis.This research reviews the existing studies on carbon emission of urban rail transit.First,the characteristics of urban rail transit carbon emission were determined and the complexity of carbon emission measurement was analyzed.Then,the urban rail transit carbon emission measurement models were compared and analyzed in terms of the selection of research boundaries,the types of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions calculation,and the accuracy of the measurement.Following that,an intelligent station was introduced to analyze the practical application of digital collaboration technology and energy-saving and carbon-reducing system platforms for rail transit.Finally,the urgent problems and future research directions at this stage were discussed.This research presents the necessity of establishing a dynamic carbon emission factor library and the important development trend of system integration of carbon emission measurement and digital system technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972342,5187205652062046,and 51702275)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(ts20190922)+3 种基金the Key Basic Research Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province(ZR2019ZD51)the CAS Key aboratory of Carbon Materials(KLCMKFJJ2012)the Science Foundation of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(2020D01C019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20CX05010A)。
文摘1.Introduction Carbon materials have been widely investigated as the anode materials for Na+storage due to their moderate capacity,good stability,and low cost.The Na+storage mechanisms of carbon are generally classified into diffusion-controlled interlayer insertion/desertion and capacitive-controlled surface adsorption/desorption[1].
文摘With the features of convenience and eco-friendly, the low-temperature solid-state reaction synthesis was successfully developed as a new approach to prepare quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals. One major achievement is that the size and shape of ZnS nanocrystals can be tuned by adjusting the surfactant and its feed. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of quasispherical and one-dimensional quantum-sized ZnS nanocrystals all showed a blue-shift from the bulk counterpart, indicating large quantum confinement effects of ZnS nanocrystals. These ZnS nanocrystals all showed well-defined excitonic emission features. Contrastive studies on photoluminescence performances indicated that the bandedge emission experienced only the size-dependent quantum confinement effect, while the trap-state emission experienced the size- and shape-dependences. So we can design a purposeful synthesis route to ZnS nanocrystals with target luminescence emission performances.
基金supported by the Nuclear Technology R&D Program,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2167220,22327807 and U23A20104)the specific research fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202214 and YSPTZX202316)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2809000)the Innovation Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province(KJRC2023B01)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2024SHFZ066).
文摘Efficient recovery of dispersed uranium is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy.Designing an adsorbent with water transport channel structure is a promising approach for boosting uranium recovery performance,while balancing the demands of high stability and high adsorption capacity using currently available structural design methods is challenging.Herein,a novel structurally stable huge block sponge with super-sized water transport channels(SWTC-PAO sponge)is fabricated to recover dispersed uranium.In natural seawater,SWTC-PAO sponge realizes a high uranium extraction capacity of 9.1 mg g−1 with a rapid extraction rate.Moreover,the SWTC-PAO sponge can efficiently remove 99.59%of uranium within 24 h from uranium-containing wastewater.The concentrations of metal ions in the treated wastewater are lower than the drinking water standard set by the WHO.The broad application potential in natural seawater and wastewater makes the SWTC-PAO sponge a highly promising adsorbent for recovering dispersed uranium resources and for treating environmental uranium pollution.
