Nutrient acquisition through symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi is carbon(C)costly but fundamental for plant growth,community,and ecosystem functioning.Here,we examined the functions of roots and mycorrhiza with respect ...Nutrient acquisition through symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi is carbon(C)costly but fundamental for plant growth,community,and ecosystem functioning.Here,we examined the functions of roots and mycorrhiza with respect to nutrient uptake after artificially inducing C limitation-seven months after girdling of an ectomycorrhizal tree,Pinus taeda.Root physiological activity(measured as root nitrogen content and root exudation)declined after girdling and was accompanied with 110%and 340%increases in mycorrhizal colonization and extramatrical hyphal length,respectively.Fungi colonizing roots switched to a community characterized by higher C efficiency(lower C cost)of nutrient acquisition(CENA,the amount of nutrient acquisition per unit C cost)and lower network complexity,indicating a tradeoff between CENA and stability of the fungal community.Root transcriptome analysis suggested a shift in metabolic pathways from a tricarboxylic acid cycle decomposition of carbohydrate to lipid biosynthesis to maintain closer associations with mycorrhiza for nutrient cycling after the girdling.By integrating multi-level evidence,including root transcriptome,fungal composition,and network complexity data,we demonstrate an increased dependence on mycorrhiza for nutrient acquisition under the C limitation condition,which is likely due to a shift to fungal community with higher CENA at the cost of lower stability.展开更多
Suppression of roots and/or their symbiotic microorganisms,such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia,is an effective way for alien plants to outcompete native plants.However,little is known about how invasive and native ...Suppression of roots and/or their symbiotic microorganisms,such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia,is an effective way for alien plants to outcompete native plants.However,little is known about how invasive and native plants interact with the quantity and activity of nutrient-acquisition agents.Here a pot experiment was conducted with monoculture and mixed plantings of an invasive plant,Xanthium strumarium,and a common native legume,Glycine max.We measured traits related to root and nodule quantity and activity and mycorrhizal colonization.Compared to the monoculture,fine root quantity(biomass,surface area)and activity(root nitrogen(N)concentration,acid phosphatase activity)of G.max decreased in mixed plantings;nodule quantity(biomass)decreased by 45%,while nodule activity in Nfixing via rhizobium increased by 106%;mycorrhizal colonization was unaffected.Contribution of N fixation to leaf N content in G.max increased in the mixed plantings,and this increase was attributed to a decrease in the rhizosphere soil N of G.max in the mixed plantings.Increased root quantity and activity,along with a higher mycorrhizal association was observed in X.strumarium in the mixed compared to monoculture.Together,the invasive plant did not directly scavenge N from nodule-fixed N,but rather depleted the rhizosphere soil N of the legume,thereby stimulating the activity of N-fixation and increasing the dependence of the native legume on this N source.The quantity-activity framework holds promise for future studies on how native legumes respond to alien plant invasions.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471824,32171746,42077450,31870522,31670550,42122054)the leading talents of basic research in Henan Province,the Scientific Research Foundation of Henan Agricultural University(30500854)+4 种基金Excellent Youth Creative Research Group Project in Henan Province(252300421002)Foreign Scientists Studio in Henan province(GZS2025011)the Funding for Characteristic and Backbone Forestry Discipline Group of Henan Province,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(2023B1212060002)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515020082)the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program,Funding for Characteristic and backbone forestry discipline group of Henan Province and Research Funds for overseas returnee in Henan Province,China.We thank Editage Service in improving the English language.
文摘Nutrient acquisition through symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi is carbon(C)costly but fundamental for plant growth,community,and ecosystem functioning.Here,we examined the functions of roots and mycorrhiza with respect to nutrient uptake after artificially inducing C limitation-seven months after girdling of an ectomycorrhizal tree,Pinus taeda.Root physiological activity(measured as root nitrogen content and root exudation)declined after girdling and was accompanied with 110%and 340%increases in mycorrhizal colonization and extramatrical hyphal length,respectively.Fungi colonizing roots switched to a community characterized by higher C efficiency(lower C cost)of nutrient acquisition(CENA,the amount of nutrient acquisition per unit C cost)and lower network complexity,indicating a tradeoff between CENA and stability of the fungal community.Root transcriptome analysis suggested a shift in metabolic pathways from a tricarboxylic acid cycle decomposition of carbohydrate to lipid biosynthesis to maintain closer associations with mycorrhiza for nutrient cycling after the girdling.By integrating multi-level evidence,including root transcriptome,fungal composition,and network complexity data,we demonstrate an increased dependence on mycorrhiza for nutrient acquisition under the C limitation condition,which is likely due to a shift to fungal community with higher CENA at the cost of lower stability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171746,31870522,42077450,32371786)the leading talents of basic research in Henan Province+3 种基金Funding for Characteristic and Backbone Forestry Discipline Group of Henan Provincethe Scientific Research Foundation of Henan Agricultural University(30500854)Research Funds for overseas returnee in Henan Province,Chinasupported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFE0117000)。
文摘Suppression of roots and/or their symbiotic microorganisms,such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia,is an effective way for alien plants to outcompete native plants.However,little is known about how invasive and native plants interact with the quantity and activity of nutrient-acquisition agents.Here a pot experiment was conducted with monoculture and mixed plantings of an invasive plant,Xanthium strumarium,and a common native legume,Glycine max.We measured traits related to root and nodule quantity and activity and mycorrhizal colonization.Compared to the monoculture,fine root quantity(biomass,surface area)and activity(root nitrogen(N)concentration,acid phosphatase activity)of G.max decreased in mixed plantings;nodule quantity(biomass)decreased by 45%,while nodule activity in Nfixing via rhizobium increased by 106%;mycorrhizal colonization was unaffected.Contribution of N fixation to leaf N content in G.max increased in the mixed plantings,and this increase was attributed to a decrease in the rhizosphere soil N of G.max in the mixed plantings.Increased root quantity and activity,along with a higher mycorrhizal association was observed in X.strumarium in the mixed compared to monoculture.Together,the invasive plant did not directly scavenge N from nodule-fixed N,but rather depleted the rhizosphere soil N of the legume,thereby stimulating the activity of N-fixation and increasing the dependence of the native legume on this N source.The quantity-activity framework holds promise for future studies on how native legumes respond to alien plant invasions.
