Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),as the primary reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy,can effectively induce excessive oxidative stress to ablate tumors and kill germs in clinical treatment.However,monitoring endog...Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),as the primary reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy,can effectively induce excessive oxidative stress to ablate tumors and kill germs in clinical treatment.However,monitoring endogenous^(1)O_(2)is greatly challenging due to its extremely short lifetime and high reactivity in biological condition.Herein,we report an ultra-high signal-to-ratio near-infrared chemiluminescent probe(DCMCy)for the precise detection of endogenous^(1)O_(2)during photodynamic therapy(PDT).The methoxy moiety was removed from enolether unit in DCM-Cy to suppress the potential self-photooxidation reaction,thus greatly eliminating the photoinduced background signals during PDT.Additionally,the compact cyclobutane modification of DCM-Cy resulted in a significant 6-fold increase in cell permeability compared to conventional adamantane-dioxane probes.Therefore,our“step-by-step”strategy for DCM-Cy addressed the limitations of traditional chemiluminescent(CL)probes for^(1)O_(2),enabling effectively tracking of endogenous^(1)O_(2)level changes in living cells,pathogenic bacteria and mice in PDT.展开更多
Smads are critical intracellular signal transducers for transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in mammalian cells. In this study, we have identified WD repeat-containing protein 74(WDR74) as a novel transcriptional coa...Smads are critical intracellular signal transducers for transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in mammalian cells. In this study, we have identified WD repeat-containing protein 74(WDR74) as a novel transcriptional coactivator for Smads in the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. Through direct interactions with Smad proteins, WDR74 enhances TGF-β-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad2 and Smad3. Consequently, WDR74 enables stronger transcriptional responses and more robust TGF-β-induced physiological responses. Our findings have elucidated a critical role of WDR74 in regulating TGF-β signaling.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin （GP） in advanced non-smaU cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients with low expression of ribonucleotide reductase 1 （...Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin （GP） in advanced non-smaU cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients with low expression of ribonucleotide reductase 1 （RRM1） protein using immunohistochemistry. Methods： RRM1 protein expression in tumor tissue was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase （SP） method of immunohistochemistry. GP regimen （gemcitabine 1000-1250 mg d1, d8, cisplatin 75 mg/m2） was given to advanced NSCLC patients with low expression of RRM1 protein. Results： In the total of 40 patients, these patients with RRM1 low expression performing GP chemotherapy had a good response rate, the objective response rate （ORR） was 47.5% （95% CI, 32.02%- 62.98%）, and the disease control rate （DCR） was 72.5% （95 % CI, 65.44%-79.56%）. ORR is 45.45% （5/11） in the squamous cell carcinoma patients while 48.15% （13/27） in the adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion： Supedor ORR and DCR were found in advanced NSCLC patients with low expression of RRM1 protein expression performing GP regimen.展开更多
We present fast fourth-order finite difference scheme for 3D Helmholtz equation with Neumann boundary condition. We employ the discrete Fourier transform operator and divide the problem into some independent subproble...We present fast fourth-order finite difference scheme for 3D Helmholtz equation with Neumann boundary condition. We employ the discrete Fourier transform operator and divide the problem into some independent subproblems. By means of the Gaussian elimination in the vertical direction, the problem is reduced into a small system on the top layer of the domain. The procedure for solving the numerical solutions is accelerated by the sparsity of Fourier operator under the space complexity of O(M3). Furthermore, the method makes it possible to solve the 3D Helmholtz equation with large grid number. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are validated by two test examples which have exact solutions.展开更多
We present a fourth-order finite difference scheme for the Helmholtz equation in polar coordinates. We employ the finite difference format in the interior of the region and derive a nine-point fourth-order scheme. Spe...We present a fourth-order finite difference scheme for the Helmholtz equation in polar coordinates. We employ the finite difference format in the interior of the region and derive a nine-point fourth-order scheme. Specially, ghost points outside the region are applied to obtain the approximation for the Neumann boundary condition. We obtain the matrix form of the linear system and the sparsity of the coefficient matrix is favorable for the computation of the Helmholtz equation. The feasibility and accuracy of the method are validated by two test examples which have exact solutions.展开更多
Acoustic fields with impedance boundary conditions have high engineering applications, such as noise control and evaluation of sound insulation materials, and can be approximated by three-dimensional Helmholtz boundar...Acoustic fields with impedance boundary conditions have high engineering applications, such as noise control and evaluation of sound insulation materials, and can be approximated by three-dimensional Helmholtz boundary value problems. Finite difference method is widely applied to solving these problems due to its ease of use. However, when the wave number is large, the pollution effects are still a major difficulty in obtaining accurate numerical solutions. We develop a fast algorithm for solving three-dimensional Helmholtz boundary problems with large wave numbers. The boundary of computational domain is discrete based on high-order compact difference scheme. Using the properties of the tensor product and the discrete Fourier sine transform method, the original problem is solved by splitting it into independent small tridiagonal subsystems. Numerical examples with impedance boundary conditions are used to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results demonstrate that the algorithm has a fourth- order convergence in and -norms, and costs less CPU calculation time and random access memory.展开更多
Paper mulberry(Broussonetia papyrifera)is a well-known woody tree historically used for Cai Lun papermaking,one of the four great inventions of ancient China.More recently,Paper mulberry has also been used as forage t...Paper mulberry(Broussonetia papyrifera)is a well-known woody tree historically used for Cai Lun papermaking,one of the four great inventions of ancient China.More recently,Paper mulberry has also been used as forage to address the shortage of feedstuff because of its digestible crude fiber and high protein contents.In this study,we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Paper mulberry using integrated approaches,including Illumina and PacBio sequencing platform as well as Hi-C,optical,and genetic maps.The assembled Paper mulberry genome consists of 386.83 Mb,which is close to the estimated size,and 99.25%(383.93 Mb)of the assembly was assigned to 13 pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed the expansion and contraction in the flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,accounting for the enhanced flavonoid and decreased lignin biosynthesis in Paper mulberry.Moreover,the increased ratio of syringyl-lignin to guaiacyl-lignin in Paper mulberry underscores its suitability for use in medicine,forage,papermaking,and barkcloth making.We also identified the rootassociated microbiota of Paper mulberry and found that Pseudomonas and Rhizobia were enriched in its roots and may provide the source of nitrogen for its stems and leaves via symbiotic nitrogen fixation.Collectively,these results suggest that Paper mulberry might have undergone adaptive evolution and recruited nitrogen-fixing microbes to promote growth by enhancing flavonoid production and altering lignin monomer composition.Our study provides significant insights into genetic basis of the usefulness of Paper mulberry in papermaking and barkcloth making,and as forage.These insights will facilitate further domestication and selection as well as industrial utilization of Paper mulberry worldwide.展开更多
In this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from a rectangular large open cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane is studied. By introducing a nonlocal artificial boundary condition, the scattering problem from ...In this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from a rectangular large open cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane is studied. By introducing a nonlocal artificial boundary condition, the scattering problem from the open cavity is reduced to a bounded domain problem. A compact fourth order finite difference scheme is then proposed to discrete the cavity scattering model in the rectangular domain, and a special treatment is enforced to approximate the boundary condition, which makes truncation errors reach （.9（h4） in the whole computational domain. A fast algorithm, exploiting the discrete Fourier transfor- mation in the horizontal and a Gaussian elimination in the vertical direction, is employed, which reduces the discrete system to a much smaller interface system. An effective pre- conditioner is presented for the BICGstab iterative solver to solve this interface system. Numerical results demonstrate the remarkable accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. In particular, it can be used to solve the cavity model for the large wave number up to 600π.展开更多
In this paper,the electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities with inhomogeneous anisotropic media is investigated.To solve the scattering problem,a Petrov-Galerkin finite element interfacemethod on non-body-f...In this paper,the electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities with inhomogeneous anisotropic media is investigated.To solve the scattering problem,a Petrov-Galerkin finite element interfacemethod on non-body-fitted grids is presented.We reduce the infinite domain of scattering to a bounded domain problem by introducing a transparent boundary condition.The level set function is used to capture complex boundary and interface geometry that is not aligned with the mesh.Nonbody-fitted grids allow us to save computational costs during mesh generation and significantly reduce the amount of computer memory required.The solution is built by connecting two linear polynomials across the interfaces to satisfy the jump conditions.The proposed method can handle matrix coefficients produced by permittivity and permeability tensors of anisotropic media.The final linear system is sparse,making it more suitable for most iterative methods.Numerical experiments show that the proposed method has good convergence and realizability.Meanwhile,we discover that the absorbing properties of anisotropic media clearly and positively influence the reduction of radar cross section.It has also been demonstrated that the method can achieve second-order accuracy.展开更多
To the Editor:In middle-aged and elderly individuals,intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD)can often cause low back pain(LBP).IVDD has a complex mechanism with many influencing factors.Biological changes in degene...To the Editor:In middle-aged and elderly individuals,intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD)can often cause low back pain(LBP).IVDD has a complex mechanism with many influencing factors.Biological changes in degenerative IVDs mainly include structural abnormalities of the nucleus pulposus(NP),annulus fibrosus(AF),and cartilage endplate,as well as changes in the composition and amount of extracellular matrix(ECM).IVDD disease is treated conservatively,followed by surgery,but these are symptomatic treatments.展开更多
The scattering of the open cavity filled with the inhomogeneous media is studied.The problem is discretized with a fourth order finite difference scheme and the immersed interfacemethod,resulting in a linear system of...The scattering of the open cavity filled with the inhomogeneous media is studied.The problem is discretized with a fourth order finite difference scheme and the immersed interfacemethod,resulting in a linear system of equations with the high order accurate solutions in the whole computational domain.To solve the system of equations,we design an efficient iterative solver,which is based on the fast Fourier transformation,and provides an ideal preconditioner for Krylov subspace method.Numerical experiments demonstrate the capability of the proposed fast high order iterative solver.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32121005,22225805,22308101,and 32394001)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(No.23J21901600)+2 种基金Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,No.2021 Sci&Tech 03-28)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701199)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1416600).
文摘Singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),as the primary reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy,can effectively induce excessive oxidative stress to ablate tumors and kill germs in clinical treatment.However,monitoring endogenous^(1)O_(2)is greatly challenging due to its extremely short lifetime and high reactivity in biological condition.Herein,we report an ultra-high signal-to-ratio near-infrared chemiluminescent probe(DCMCy)for the precise detection of endogenous^(1)O_(2)during photodynamic therapy(PDT).The methoxy moiety was removed from enolether unit in DCM-Cy to suppress the potential self-photooxidation reaction,thus greatly eliminating the photoinduced background signals during PDT.Additionally,the compact cyclobutane modification of DCM-Cy resulted in a significant 6-fold increase in cell permeability compared to conventional adamantane-dioxane probes.Therefore,our“step-by-step”strategy for DCM-Cy addressed the limitations of traditional chemiluminescent(CL)probes for^(1)O_(2),enabling effectively tracking of endogenous^(1)O_(2)level changes in living cells,pathogenic bacteria and mice in PDT.
基金partly supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31730057, 91540205, and 31571447)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2015CB553803)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Smads are critical intracellular signal transducers for transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in mammalian cells. In this study, we have identified WD repeat-containing protein 74(WDR74) as a novel transcriptional coactivator for Smads in the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway. Through direct interactions with Smad proteins, WDR74 enhances TGF-β-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad2 and Smad3. Consequently, WDR74 enables stronger transcriptional responses and more robust TGF-β-induced physiological responses. Our findings have elucidated a critical role of WDR74 in regulating TGF-β signaling.
文摘Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin （GP） in advanced non-smaU cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients with low expression of ribonucleotide reductase 1 （RRM1） protein using immunohistochemistry. Methods： RRM1 protein expression in tumor tissue was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase （SP） method of immunohistochemistry. GP regimen （gemcitabine 1000-1250 mg d1, d8, cisplatin 75 mg/m2） was given to advanced NSCLC patients with low expression of RRM1 protein. Results： In the total of 40 patients, these patients with RRM1 low expression performing GP chemotherapy had a good response rate, the objective response rate （ORR） was 47.5% （95% CI, 32.02%- 62.98%）, and the disease control rate （DCR） was 72.5% （95 % CI, 65.44%-79.56%）. ORR is 45.45% （5/11） in the squamous cell carcinoma patients while 48.15% （13/27） in the adenocarcinoma patients. Conclusion： Supedor ORR and DCR were found in advanced NSCLC patients with low expression of RRM1 protein expression performing GP regimen.
文摘We present fast fourth-order finite difference scheme for 3D Helmholtz equation with Neumann boundary condition. We employ the discrete Fourier transform operator and divide the problem into some independent subproblems. By means of the Gaussian elimination in the vertical direction, the problem is reduced into a small system on the top layer of the domain. The procedure for solving the numerical solutions is accelerated by the sparsity of Fourier operator under the space complexity of O(M3). Furthermore, the method makes it possible to solve the 3D Helmholtz equation with large grid number. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are validated by two test examples which have exact solutions.
文摘We present a fourth-order finite difference scheme for the Helmholtz equation in polar coordinates. We employ the finite difference format in the interior of the region and derive a nine-point fourth-order scheme. Specially, ghost points outside the region are applied to obtain the approximation for the Neumann boundary condition. We obtain the matrix form of the linear system and the sparsity of the coefficient matrix is favorable for the computation of the Helmholtz equation. The feasibility and accuracy of the method are validated by two test examples which have exact solutions.
文摘Acoustic fields with impedance boundary conditions have high engineering applications, such as noise control and evaluation of sound insulation materials, and can be approximated by three-dimensional Helmholtz boundary value problems. Finite difference method is widely applied to solving these problems due to its ease of use. However, when the wave number is large, the pollution effects are still a major difficulty in obtaining accurate numerical solutions. We develop a fast algorithm for solving three-dimensional Helmholtz boundary problems with large wave numbers. The boundary of computational domain is discrete based on high-order compact difference scheme. Using the properties of the tensor product and the discrete Fourier sine transform method, the original problem is solved by splitting it into independent small tridiagonal subsystems. Numerical examples with impedance boundary conditions are used to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Results demonstrate that the algorithm has a fourth- order convergence in and -norms, and costs less CPU calculation time and random access memory.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770360,31870247)the Poverty Relief Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-FP-24)the Huimin Technology Demonstration Project of the Natio nal Modem Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements City(Z151100001015008).
文摘Paper mulberry(Broussonetia papyrifera)is a well-known woody tree historically used for Cai Lun papermaking,one of the four great inventions of ancient China.More recently,Paper mulberry has also been used as forage to address the shortage of feedstuff because of its digestible crude fiber and high protein contents.In this study,we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Paper mulberry using integrated approaches,including Illumina and PacBio sequencing platform as well as Hi-C,optical,and genetic maps.The assembled Paper mulberry genome consists of 386.83 Mb,which is close to the estimated size,and 99.25%(383.93 Mb)of the assembly was assigned to 13 pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed the expansion and contraction in the flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,accounting for the enhanced flavonoid and decreased lignin biosynthesis in Paper mulberry.Moreover,the increased ratio of syringyl-lignin to guaiacyl-lignin in Paper mulberry underscores its suitability for use in medicine,forage,papermaking,and barkcloth making.We also identified the rootassociated microbiota of Paper mulberry and found that Pseudomonas and Rhizobia were enriched in its roots and may provide the source of nitrogen for its stems and leaves via symbiotic nitrogen fixation.Collectively,these results suggest that Paper mulberry might have undergone adaptive evolution and recruited nitrogen-fixing microbes to promote growth by enhancing flavonoid production and altering lignin monomer composition.Our study provides significant insights into genetic basis of the usefulness of Paper mulberry in papermaking and barkcloth making,and as forage.These insights will facilitate further domestication and selection as well as industrial utilization of Paper mulberry worldwide.
基金Acknowledgments. The research of the second author was supported by the FRG grant of the Hong Kong Baptist University （No. FRG/08-09/II-35）. The research of the third author was supported by the FRG grant of the Hong Kong Baptist University, the GIF Grants of Hong Kong Research Grants Council, and the Collaborative Research Fund of National Science Foundation of China （NSFC） under Grant No. G10729101,
文摘In this paper, the electromagnetic scattering from a rectangular large open cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane is studied. By introducing a nonlocal artificial boundary condition, the scattering problem from the open cavity is reduced to a bounded domain problem. A compact fourth order finite difference scheme is then proposed to discrete the cavity scattering model in the rectangular domain, and a special treatment is enforced to approximate the boundary condition, which makes truncation errors reach （.9（h4） in the whole computational domain. A fast algorithm, exploiting the discrete Fourier transfor- mation in the horizontal and a Gaussian elimination in the vertical direction, is employed, which reduces the discrete system to a much smaller interface system. An effective pre- conditioner is presented for the BICGstab iterative solver to solve this interface system. Numerical results demonstrate the remarkable accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. In particular, it can be used to solve the cavity model for the large wave number up to 600π.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12271159)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.A2020502003)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021MS115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12171482)the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(No.PRP/DX-2307).
文摘In this paper,the electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities with inhomogeneous anisotropic media is investigated.To solve the scattering problem,a Petrov-Galerkin finite element interfacemethod on non-body-fitted grids is presented.We reduce the infinite domain of scattering to a bounded domain problem by introducing a transparent boundary condition.The level set function is used to capture complex boundary and interface geometry that is not aligned with the mesh.Nonbody-fitted grids allow us to save computational costs during mesh generation and significantly reduce the amount of computer memory required.The solution is built by connecting two linear polynomials across the interfaces to satisfy the jump conditions.The proposed method can handle matrix coefficients produced by permittivity and permeability tensors of anisotropic media.The final linear system is sparse,making it more suitable for most iterative methods.Numerical experiments show that the proposed method has good convergence and realizability.Meanwhile,we discover that the absorbing properties of anisotropic media clearly and positively influence the reduction of radar cross section.It has also been demonstrated that the method can achieve second-order accuracy.
文摘To the Editor:In middle-aged and elderly individuals,intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration(IVDD)can often cause low back pain(LBP).IVDD has a complex mechanism with many influencing factors.Biological changes in degenerative IVDs mainly include structural abnormalities of the nucleus pulposus(NP),annulus fibrosus(AF),and cartilage endplate,as well as changes in the composition and amount of extracellular matrix(ECM).IVDD disease is treated conservatively,followed by surgery,but these are symptomatic treatments.
基金The author is grateful for Professor Tao Tang and Dr.Zhonghua Qiao for many helpful and fruitful discussions,and would like to thank Professor Weiwei Sun for constructive suggestions。
文摘The scattering of the open cavity filled with the inhomogeneous media is studied.The problem is discretized with a fourth order finite difference scheme and the immersed interfacemethod,resulting in a linear system of equations with the high order accurate solutions in the whole computational domain.To solve the system of equations,we design an efficient iterative solver,which is based on the fast Fourier transformation,and provides an ideal preconditioner for Krylov subspace method.Numerical experiments demonstrate the capability of the proposed fast high order iterative solver.
