Sn Se emerges as one of the most promising Te-free thermoelectric materials due to its strong anharmonicity and multiple valence bands structure.Recently,compositing has been proven effective in optimizing thermoelect...Sn Se emerges as one of the most promising Te-free thermoelectric materials due to its strong anharmonicity and multiple valence bands structure.Recently,compositing has been proven effective in optimizing thermoelectric performance of various metal chalcogenides.Herein,a series of Sn Se-x Cu_(2)S(x=0,0.5%,1%,3%,5%)materials have been fabricated via solution synthesis,particle blending,and spark plasma sintering in sequence.After incorporating Cu_(2)S,the materials become Sn Se based composites with Cu doping,S substitution and Cu_(2)Sn Se_(3)secondary phase.We elucidate that the power factor of polycrystalline Sn Se can be tuned and enhanced at varied temperature ranges through adjusting the addition amount of Cu_(2)S.Additionally,the composites achieve suppressed lattice thermal conductivity when compared to Sn Se itself,as the introduced point defects and Sn Se/Cu_(2)Sn Se_(3)interfaces intensify phonon scattering.Consequently,Sn Se-0.5%Cu_(2)S and Sn Se-3%Cu_(2)S achieve a peak z T of 0.70 at 830 K(intermediate temperature range)and a highly increased z T of 0.28 at 473 K(low temperature range),respectively,which are~130%and 200%of values reached by Sn Se at the corresponding temperatures.The study demonstrates that our approach,which combines compositing with elemental doping and substitution,is effective in optimizing the thermoelectric performance of Sn Se at varied temperature ranges.展开更多
Despite significant advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)continues to present a global health challenge,with a modest five-year survival rate of 28%,largely due to the em...Despite significant advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)continues to present a global health challenge,with a modest five-year survival rate of 28%,largely due to the emergence of treatment-resistant and metastatic tumors.In response,we synthesized a novel bioactive compound,ethyl 6-chlorocoumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine(TClC),which significantly inhibited NSCLC growth,epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT),migration,and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo without inducing toxicity.TClC disrupts autocrine loops that promote tumor progression,particularly in stem-like CD133-positive NSCLC(CD133+LC)cells,which are pivotal in tumor metastasis.Through targeted molecular assays,we identified direct binding targets of TClC,including Akt,NF-κB,β-catenin,EZH2,and PD-L1.This interaction not only suppresses the expression of oncogenic factors and cancer stem cell markers but also downregulates the expression of a multidrug resistance transporter,underscoring the compound’s poly-pharmacological potential.These results position TClC as a promising candidate for NSCLC treatment,signaling a new era in the development of cancer therapies that directly target multiple critical cancer pathways.展开更多
Advanced thermal management for extreme environments urgently demands materials that combine robust environmental stability with adaptive thermal conductivity(κ),specifically the highly desirable but rare positive te...Advanced thermal management for extreme environments urgently demands materials that combine robust environmental stability with adaptive thermal conductivity(κ),specifically the highly desirable but rare positive temperature(T)dependence ofκ.Ceramics typically exhibit phonon-dominated heat transfer with decreasing thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures,and achieving an alloy-like positiveκ-T relationship in ceramics is a significant scientific and technological challenge with immense application value.To address this,we fabricated fully dense(>98%)multicomponent nitride bulks via hot-press sintering using aluminum nitride(AlN)as the matrix.Notably,the TiAlN system achieved a high room-temperature(κ)of 48.38 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1).Counterintuitively,increased diversity of metallic elements induces severe lattice distortion that suppresses phonon thermal conduction while simultaneously forming metallic nitride conductive networks that significantly increase electronic thermal conductivity.This synergistic electron-phonon regulation successfully transforms theκ-T dependence from negative to positive.Remarkably,TiZrVCrAlN demonstrates a linear 112% κincrease from 8.65 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) at−60℃ to 18.34 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) at 900℃,outperforming all known positive-κceramics in both the operating temperature range and conductivity values.Moreover,it maintains robust mechanical integrity(24.5 GPa hardness,273 MPa bending strength).This work elucidates the fundamental mechanism for achieving anomalous positiveκ-T dependence in ceramics through electron-phonon synergistic regulation.These multicomponent nitrides,combining unprecedented positiveκ-T behavior with excellent mechanical properties,present a breakthrough solution for intelligent thermal management,specifically enabling the development of structural-functional integrated components operating under extreme and varying thermal conditions.展开更多
Background Planktonic bacteria and archaea play a key role in river nutrient biogeochemical cycling;however,their respective community assembly and how to maintain their diversity are not well known in dammed rivers.T...Background Planktonic bacteria and archaea play a key role in river nutrient biogeochemical cycling;however,their respective community assembly and how to maintain their diversity are not well known in dammed rivers.Therefore,a seasonal survey of planktonic bacterial and archaeal community compositions and related environmental factors was conducted in 16 cascade reservoirs and corresponding river waters on the Wujiang River and the Pearl River in southwest China to understand the above mechanisms.Results Deterministic processes dominated bacterial and archaeal community assembly.The structural equation models showed that water temperature can directly or indirectly affect the microbial diversity.Interestingly,planktonic bacterial diversity increased with increasing water temperature,while archaea showed the opposite trend;the overall diversity of bacteria and archaea was no significant changes with changeable water temperature.Abundant microbes had a stronger distance–decay relationship than middle and rare ones,and the relationship was stronger in winter and spring than in summer and autumn.Conclusions Planktonic bacteria and archaea in dammed rivers had different biogeographic distributions,and water temperature was a key controlling factor.The different responses of planktonic bacterial and archaeal diversity to water temperature could be due to their different phylogenetic diversity.This ultimately maintained the stability of total microbial community diversity.This study reveals the different responses of planktonic bacteria and archaea to water temperature and perfects the theoretical framework for planktonic microbial biogeography in dammed rivers.展开更多
Small RNAs（s RNAs） play essential roles in plants upon biotic stress. Plants utilize RNA silencing machinery to facilitate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to ...Small RNAs（s RNAs） play essential roles in plants upon biotic stress. Plants utilize RNA silencing machinery to facilitate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to defend against pathogen attack or to facilitate defense against insect herbivores. Pathogens, on the other hand, are also able to generate effectors and s RNAs to counter the host immune response. The arms race between plants and pathogens/insect herbivores has triggered the evolution of s RNAs,RNA silencing machinery and pathogen effectors. A great number of studies have been performed to investigate the roles of s RNAs in plant defense, bringing in the opportunity to utilize s RNAs in plant protection. Transgenic plants with pathogen-derived resistance ability or transgenerational defense have been generated, which show promising potential as solutions for pathogen/insect herbivore problems in the field. Here we summarize the recent progress on the function of s RNAs in response to biotic stress, mainly in plant-pathogen/insect herbivore interaction,and the application of s RNAs in disease and insect herbivore control.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51802034,11674040,51672270,11904039)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(No.cstc2018jcyj AX0346)+1 种基金the Chongqing Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(No.cx2018020)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019CDQYCL003)。
文摘Sn Se emerges as one of the most promising Te-free thermoelectric materials due to its strong anharmonicity and multiple valence bands structure.Recently,compositing has been proven effective in optimizing thermoelectric performance of various metal chalcogenides.Herein,a series of Sn Se-x Cu_(2)S(x=0,0.5%,1%,3%,5%)materials have been fabricated via solution synthesis,particle blending,and spark plasma sintering in sequence.After incorporating Cu_(2)S,the materials become Sn Se based composites with Cu doping,S substitution and Cu_(2)Sn Se_(3)secondary phase.We elucidate that the power factor of polycrystalline Sn Se can be tuned and enhanced at varied temperature ranges through adjusting the addition amount of Cu_(2)S.Additionally,the composites achieve suppressed lattice thermal conductivity when compared to Sn Se itself,as the introduced point defects and Sn Se/Cu_(2)Sn Se_(3)interfaces intensify phonon scattering.Consequently,Sn Se-0.5%Cu_(2)S and Sn Se-3%Cu_(2)S achieve a peak z T of 0.70 at 830 K(intermediate temperature range)and a highly increased z T of 0.28 at 473 K(low temperature range),respectively,which are~130%and 200%of values reached by Sn Se at the corresponding temperatures.The study demonstrates that our approach,which combines compositing with elemental doping and substitution,is effective in optimizing the thermoelectric performance of Sn Se at varied temperature ranges.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0702600,2017YFB0702602,2017YFB0702602-2)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019MH076,ZR2022MH291)+3 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(“863 grant”,2012AA020206)the Department of Science and Technology of Shan-dong Province(20092009GG10002087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603024,30973553)the NIH grant R01 CA186100,Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Corbett Estate Fund for the Cancer Research(62285-531021-41800,62285-531021-51800,62285-531021-61800,62285-531021-71800).
文摘Despite significant advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies,non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)continues to present a global health challenge,with a modest five-year survival rate of 28%,largely due to the emergence of treatment-resistant and metastatic tumors.In response,we synthesized a novel bioactive compound,ethyl 6-chlorocoumarin-3-carboxylyl L-theanine(TClC),which significantly inhibited NSCLC growth,epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT),migration,and invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo without inducing toxicity.TClC disrupts autocrine loops that promote tumor progression,particularly in stem-like CD133-positive NSCLC(CD133+LC)cells,which are pivotal in tumor metastasis.Through targeted molecular assays,we identified direct binding targets of TClC,including Akt,NF-κB,β-catenin,EZH2,and PD-L1.This interaction not only suppresses the expression of oncogenic factors and cancer stem cell markers but also downregulates the expression of a multidrug resistance transporter,underscoring the compound’s poly-pharmacological potential.These results position TClC as a promising candidate for NSCLC treatment,signaling a new era in the development of cancer therapies that directly target multiple critical cancer pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472068 and 23020062)the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0030).
文摘Advanced thermal management for extreme environments urgently demands materials that combine robust environmental stability with adaptive thermal conductivity(κ),specifically the highly desirable but rare positive temperature(T)dependence ofκ.Ceramics typically exhibit phonon-dominated heat transfer with decreasing thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures,and achieving an alloy-like positiveκ-T relationship in ceramics is a significant scientific and technological challenge with immense application value.To address this,we fabricated fully dense(>98%)multicomponent nitride bulks via hot-press sintering using aluminum nitride(AlN)as the matrix.Notably,the TiAlN system achieved a high room-temperature(κ)of 48.38 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1).Counterintuitively,increased diversity of metallic elements induces severe lattice distortion that suppresses phonon thermal conduction while simultaneously forming metallic nitride conductive networks that significantly increase electronic thermal conductivity.This synergistic electron-phonon regulation successfully transforms theκ-T dependence from negative to positive.Remarkably,TiZrVCrAlN demonstrates a linear 112% κincrease from 8.65 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) at−60℃ to 18.34 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) at 900℃,outperforming all known positive-κceramics in both the operating temperature range and conductivity values.Moreover,it maintains robust mechanical integrity(24.5 GPa hardness,273 MPa bending strength).This work elucidates the fundamental mechanism for achieving anomalous positiveκ-T dependence in ceramics through electron-phonon synergistic regulation.These multicomponent nitrides,combining unprecedented positiveκ-T behavior with excellent mechanical properties,present a breakthrough solution for intelligent thermal management,specifically enabling the development of structural-functional integrated components operating under extreme and varying thermal conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42293264)the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2021FY101000).
文摘Background Planktonic bacteria and archaea play a key role in river nutrient biogeochemical cycling;however,their respective community assembly and how to maintain their diversity are not well known in dammed rivers.Therefore,a seasonal survey of planktonic bacterial and archaeal community compositions and related environmental factors was conducted in 16 cascade reservoirs and corresponding river waters on the Wujiang River and the Pearl River in southwest China to understand the above mechanisms.Results Deterministic processes dominated bacterial and archaeal community assembly.The structural equation models showed that water temperature can directly or indirectly affect the microbial diversity.Interestingly,planktonic bacterial diversity increased with increasing water temperature,while archaea showed the opposite trend;the overall diversity of bacteria and archaea was no significant changes with changeable water temperature.Abundant microbes had a stronger distance–decay relationship than middle and rare ones,and the relationship was stronger in winter and spring than in summer and autumn.Conclusions Planktonic bacteria and archaea in dammed rivers had different biogeographic distributions,and water temperature was a key controlling factor.The different responses of planktonic bacterial and archaeal diversity to water temperature could be due to their different phylogenetic diversity.This ultimately maintained the stability of total microbial community diversity.This study reveals the different responses of planktonic bacteria and archaea to water temperature and perfects the theoretical framework for planktonic microbial biogeography in dammed rivers.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research program of the CAS(No.XDB11050700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471782,No.91540116)+1 种基金National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB138405)Open research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management(Chinese IPM1503)for financial support
文摘Small RNAs（s RNAs） play essential roles in plants upon biotic stress. Plants utilize RNA silencing machinery to facilitate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to defend against pathogen attack or to facilitate defense against insect herbivores. Pathogens, on the other hand, are also able to generate effectors and s RNAs to counter the host immune response. The arms race between plants and pathogens/insect herbivores has triggered the evolution of s RNAs,RNA silencing machinery and pathogen effectors. A great number of studies have been performed to investigate the roles of s RNAs in plant defense, bringing in the opportunity to utilize s RNAs in plant protection. Transgenic plants with pathogen-derived resistance ability or transgenerational defense have been generated, which show promising potential as solutions for pathogen/insect herbivore problems in the field. Here we summarize the recent progress on the function of s RNAs in response to biotic stress, mainly in plant-pathogen/insect herbivore interaction,and the application of s RNAs in disease and insect herbivore control.
